Forum 06 12-16 - hydraulic fracture
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Transcript of Forum 06 12-16 - hydraulic fracture
Hydraulic Fracture
Eng. Ricardo Ramos
Currently, there are no reliable techniques to measure fracture
geometries during or after the hydraulic fracturing process. Furthermore,
direct solutions of the underlying differential equations representing the
different physical processes occurring during fracturing are difficult to
construct, even in their most simplified forms. Therefore, the
development of a numerical simulator with accurate predictive capability
is of paramount importance.
Matias Zielonka
Exxon Mobil Upstream Research Company
Factors that influences
fracture behavior:
- Strong nonlinear coupling
- Flow of fracturing fluid
within the fracture
- Flow and seepage within
the pores
- Porous media deformation
due to pressurization
- Fracture propagation
- Weakness planes
- Pore pressure
Common assumptions in industrial
standard fracture softwares:
- Fractures assumed to be planar and
symmetric around the wellbore
- Fracture geometries are represented
by a few parameters
- Unbonded linear formation, integral
equation relates pressure and opening
- Linear elastic fracture mechanics
without pore pressure influence
- Leakage of fluids decoupled from
porous media deformation
- Without faults
- Without weakness planes
There are three main alternatives for fracture modeling in a finite element
framework:
- Cohesive elements
- XFEM
- Elemental damage theory with change in stiffness and permeability
(diffused fracture method)
Development approach in Argentina:
Cohesive elements with discontinuous Petrov Galerkin. Y-TEC.
Latest publications (ENIEF 2016):
“EFECTO DE FRACTURAS NATURALES SOBRE LA PROPAGACIÓN
DE UNA FRACTURA HIDRÁULICA EN LA FORMACIÓN VACA
MUERTA”
“DESARROLLO Y VALIDACIÓN DE UN SIMULADOR DE
FRACTURAMIENTO HIDRÁULICO ORIENTADO AL PETRÓLEO Y
GAS”
SIMULIA’s focus:
- Cohesive elements
- XFEM
Coupled equations:
Benchmark models:
Khristianovich-Geertsma-de Klerk (KGD)
Radial or “Penny – Shaped”
Available at reservoir scale