Fort Sumter, South Carolina

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Fort Sumter, South Carolina. Since South Carolina had seceded from the United States, it didn’t want Northern soldiers on its land at Fort Sumter Southern General Bueragard tried to get the northern general Anderson to peacefully surrender Fort Sumter. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Transcript of Fort Sumter, South Carolina

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Fort Sumter, South Carolina• Since South Carolina had

seceded from the United States, it didn’t want Northern soldiers on its land at Fort Sumter

• Southern General Bueragard tried to get the northern general Anderson to peacefully surrender Fort Sumter.

Picture Credit: members.aol.com/larrykench/ W1861001.html

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Fort Sumter

• The first major battle of the Civil War began on April 12, 1861.

• After 2 days, the North surrendered to the South.

• No one was killed but 1 soldier who was killed when a cannon backfired during the surrendering ceremony.

Picture Credit: http://library.thinkquest.org/3055/graphics/battles/images/sumteranim.gif

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Rating the North & the South

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The Union and Confederacy in 1861

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Choosing Sides• New Southern States• North Carolina• Tennessee• Virginia• Texas• Louisiana• Alabama• Mississippi• South Carolin• Florida• Arkansas• Georgia

Last States to join the Confederate States

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Valuable Border States

• Delaware• Kentucky• Maryland• Missouri

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Who will volunteer?• Men, Women, White and Black• For both sides people lined up to support their

beliefs• Lincolns in-laws were Confederate volunteers• Harriet Tubman volunteered to help retrieve

more African Americans from the south to help fight called contraband

• Dr. Elizabeth Blackwell helped organize volunteers to treat the medical needs of the wounded soldiers

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• African Americans in Gray and Blue • Statewide by early 1862 more than 3,000 free African

Americans had formed military organizations, called Native Guards, and offered their services to the Confederacy. They provided their own uniforms, horses, and arms and ammunition. Some were large land- and slaveowners, who, like white planters, opposed the end of slavery and the loss of their possessions. Many free blacks recognized and wanted to maintain distinctions between themselves and slaves or the newly freed.

• As Union forces swept through a particular region, they attracted a large number of runaway and abandoned slaves, some of whom joined the federal army. Labeled "contraband" early in the war, former slave men and women labored for the Union as domestics, nurses, hospital orderlies, and cooks. Union officers also organized freedmen into military units, generally known as the Corps d'Afrique.

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Winfield Scott’s Anaconda plan• Cut off seaports with blockade• Control Mississippi• Take Confederate Capital, Richmond

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Section 2

•War in the East

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The 1st Manassas or 1st Bull Run, VA

• July 21,1861• The general for the

confederates was Stonewall Jackson & Buearegard.

• The general for the Yankees was McDowell.

• The North had 387 soldiers killed while the South lost 460.

• The South won the battle.

Picture Credit: http://www.multied.com/civilwar/Bull.gif

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Battle of Bull Run (1st Manassas),

July, 1861

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Lincoln searches for leadership

• Scott is replaced with George B. McClellan 1861

• McClellan faces Robert E. Lee, near Richmond. The Seven Days Battles cost the Union 16000 and the South 20,000 but the Union left Richmond.

• The Union is forced from Virginia

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2nd Manassas or2nd Bull Run, VA

• August 29-30, 1862• The general for the

Confederate was Stonewall Jackson.

• The general for the Yankees was John Pope.

• The North lost 16,000 soldiers while the South lost only 9,000

• The South won the battle.

Picture Credit: www.multied.com/civilwar/ SecondManassas.html

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War in the East: 1861-1862

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Antietam or Sharpsburg, Maryland

• September 17, 1862• The general for the

Confederates was Robert E. Lee.

• The general for the Yankees was McClellan.

• A Union soldier found 3 cigars that helped the North to know what General Lee planned to do.

Picture Credit: memory.loc.gov/.../newsletter/ august01/feature.html

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Antietam• The Battle took place in

Farmer Miller’s cornfield.• The battle is known as the

Single bloodiest day in the Civil War.

• 23,500 men were killed in the Bloody lane.

• The name of the bridge where the confederates held the Yankees for 4 hours is called, Burnside.

• The south used rocks when they ran out of ammunition.

• South won the battle.Picture Credit: www.trubador.com/bridge.htm

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The Battle of the Ironclads• March 8-9, 1862• The battle took place in

Hampton Roads, VA.• The South had built an

iron ship called the Merrimac or the Virginia.

• The North challenged the Confederate ship with the northern iron ship called the Monitor.

Picture Credit: http://www.mandia.com/kelly/webpage/99_student_pages/merrimack_monitor/battle.jpg

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The Ironclads

• The two iron ships fought for 5 hours and even collided 5 times. Neither side won except the North kept the South from getting supplies from the rest of the world.

Picture Credit: http://www.mandia.com/kelly/webpage/99_student_pages/merrimack_monitor/battle.jpg

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Section 3

• The War in the West• What was General Ulysses S. Grant’s

strategy for the Union army in the West?• Why was the fall of Vicksburg, Mississippi,

important?

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Ulysses S. Grant

• West Point Graduate

• Determined• Unyielding• Moves in the

West to gain control of Mississippi River

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Battle of Shiloh• The Confederates had lost

over 10,000 men in the engagement and retreat. Fully 3,000 died during the flight to the heights of Monterey. The National loss in killed, wounded, and prisoners was about 15,000. The slain on the battlefield were buried; the dead horses were burned. Confederates were headed to Corinth, and Grant was about to pursue and capture it, when General Halleck, his superior in rank, came up and took the chief command, and caused the army to loiter until the Confederates, recuperated, were ready for another battle.

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Naval Officer David Farragut

• Sailed up the Mississippi passed the firing of cannons at New Orleans on his way to Vicksburg Mississippi

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The War in

the West, 1863:

Vicksburg

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• High bluffs allowed Pemberton to continue to fire on the Union Navy moving up the Mississippi River

• Grant circled around the back of the city

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Vicksburg Falls

• John Pemberton attempts to maintain strength against the Union forces that were attacking Vicksburg.

• After Vicksburg falls to the Union, the Mississippi River belongs to the North

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Battle of Pea Ridge

• The South attempted to take control over slave-owning Missouri

• The North maintained control of this border state

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Abraham Lincoln• President Abraham

Lincoln on Jan, 1, 1863, declared the Emancipation Proclamation that freed all slaves in the rebelling states

• Not the border slave holding states

Picture Credit: www.branchburg.k12.nj.us/.../ Abe%20Main%20Page.htm

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Who did not appreciate the Emancipation Proclamation?

• Northern Democrats did not all want to end slavery

• William Lloyd Garrison, did not believe enough had been done

• Abolitionists wanted all slaves freed

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Many needed for this long war

• African American fought in the war and not only on the side of the Union

• Escaped slaves were allowed to join the Union

• About 180,000 African Americans fought on the side of the Union

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Northern Problems• Northerners complained because they were tired of the

war• Many disagreed with the attempt to remove slavery.• Many were disgusted with the law that allowed wealthy

individuals to buy out of the war with $300.00• Copperheads spoke against the war and caused Lincoln

to tighten controls on border states.• Lincoln removed habeas corpus-meaning they arrested

those trouble makers without cause and placed them in jail

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Southern troubles

• Southerners were tiring of the war• Not enough money• Not enough ammunition• Not enough people that would benefit from

the right to hold slaves• Inflation going through the roof and prices

of needed goods too high

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Clara Barton

• Read handout

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Section 5

• Battle of Gettysburg

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The Battle of Gettysburg, PA

• The battle of Gettysburg, PA took place on July1-3, 1863.

• Major fighting occurred around Little Round top hill.

• The North won this battle.• This was the turning point

in the war The South never again entered Northern territory

• On November 19,1863. President Lincoln gave Gettysburg Address.

Picture Credit: www.pennhomes.com/loc.htm

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The Road to Gettysburg: 1863

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Gettysburg Casualties

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The Progress of War: 1861-1865

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Sherman’s

Marchthroug

hGeorgiato theSea, 1864

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Casualties on Both Sides

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Appomattox Court House

• April 9, 1865 Lee surrenders to Ulysses S. Grant at Appomattox, court house, Virginia.

Picture Credit:http://www.26nc.org/PhotoGallery/CommandChangePhotos/McLeanHouseMusic.jpg