Phoenix Convention Center • Phoenix, Arizona

Fort Hunter Liggett Microgrid

[Track Title] [Session Title]

Greg Vallery PE, CEMUSAG FHL, Director Public Worksgregory.l.vallery.civ@mail.mil9-15 August 2015

Energy Exchange: Federal Sustainability for the Next Decade2

Introduction on FHL and lessons learned from USAG Vicenza Italy• Caserma Ederle and Del Din Microgrid with Central Energy Plant and Distributed Renewable

Generation• Technical Issues:

– Communication; isolated network– Network Certification; DIACAP now RMF– Central Power Production vs Distributed – Reference Signal – Precise Phase Matching– Harmonics induced from VFDs– Reacting Faster than the external Grid

• Saving Money:– Micro-Grid if implemented correctly can reduce future distributed energy production and storage

systems– Distributed systems can reduce equipment, increasing reliability and reducing maintenance costs– DER-CAM Logic can reduce energy requirements and costs

• FHL Currently has a Centralized 3MW PV and 1.25MWhrs Battery• Net-Zero; will require 8MW PV producing 12,000MWhrs/yr• Energy Security; will require 15MWhrs of Battery for continuos operation

Fort Hunter Liggett

Fort Bliss, Texas (Includes White Sands) 1,038,000Fort Irwin, California 529,000Yakima Training Center, Washington 338,000Fort Carson, Colorado 311,000Fort Stewart, Georgia 205,000

Total Acreage

Fort Polk, Louisiana 202,000Fort Hunter Liggett, California 160,000 +Fort Hood, Texas 132,000 Fort Bragg, North Carolina 118,000

Fort Benning, Georgia 111,000

Energy Exchange: Federal Sustainability for the Next Decade

Existing Conditions

Transformers: 117Total power: 21.4 MVAPV System: 3 MWpBattery Capacity: 1.2 MWhrs

Energy Exchange: Federal Sustainability for the Next Decade

Master Plan

Transformers: 60Total power: 16.7 MVAPV System: 8 MWpBattery Capacity: 16 MWhrs

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Existing Condition

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Master Plan

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North Side

Energy Exchange: Federal Sustainability for the Next Decade

North Side

Energy Exchange: Federal Sustainability for the Next Decade

North Side

Energy Exchange: Federal Sustainability for the Next Decade

North Side

Energy Exchange: Federal Sustainability for the Next Decade

Central

Energy Exchange: Federal Sustainability for the Next Decade

South Side

Energy Exchange: Federal Sustainability for the Next Decade

South Side

Energy Exchange: Federal Sustainability for the Next Decade

South Side

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South Side

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South Side

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Microgrid improvementsTransformers: 50% reductionTotal power: - 4.7 MVAPV System: + 6.6 MWpBattery Capacity: + 11.4 MWhrs

Energy Exchange: Federal Sustainability for the Next Decade

Global Model for Microgrids

19© Berkeley Laboratory, no duplication or use without the knowledge of Berkeley Lab, USA, Michael Stadler

Microgrid Architecture and Decision Making with DER-CAM

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Distributed Energy Resources Customer Adoption Model (DER-CAM)• is a deterministic and stochastic Mixed Integer Linear Program (MILP), written in

the General Algebraic Modeling System (GAMS®)• started as a building CHP optimization tool 13 years ago• supported by the U.S. DOE, OE, DoD, CEC, private industry• two main objective functions:

• cost minimization

• CO2 minimization

• other objectives are possible, as well as multi-objectivesubject to microgrid/building constraints and energy balance

• produces optimal investment and dispatch results for biogas/diesel/natural gas CHP, fuel cells, ICE, micro-turbines, gas-turbines; PV, solar thermal, hot and cold water storage, batteries, heat pumps, absorption chiller, EV, passive measures (insulation, window changes, etc..)

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DER-CAM

Building end-use load data

Electricity & gas tariff data

DER technology data

Site weather data

Optimal DER capacities

Optimal DER operations schedule

Minimize total cost

Minimize CO2 emissions

Inputs: Outputs:

Objectives:

● Investment & Planning: determines optimal equipment combination and operation based on historic load data, weather, and tariffs

● Operations: determines optimal week-ahead scheduling for installed equipment and forecasted loads, weather and tariffs

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New features: Microgrid capabilities, designed for resiliency

• Voluntary & forced islanding• grid availability from reliability model: MTTF / MTTR • reliability measured by un-served energy • variable outage length (from a few minutes to several days or weeks)• voluntary islanding determined by microgrid economics

• Load Prioritization / Critical loads• user defined load priorities (up to 3 priority levels)• max. acceptable shedding amount and duration per load priority • economic trade-off for each priority level determines load shedding vs. backup

DER • direct load control modelling

• Optimize offline dispatch (islanded) • energy management strategies (load shifting / shedding)• energy storage• resource availability – for extended times after outages, e.g. 7+ days

• Plan backup generation• trade-off: additional capacity vs. backup-only• offline fuel needs

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Objective: Use DER-CAM to perform a quick assessment on optimal DER at FHL to enable microgrid capabilities. Focus on resilience against natural disasters.

• Blackout cases: none, 3 h, 24 h, 7 days

• Standard DER-CAM assessment (no blackouts):Existing DERExisting DER + additional PV and storageExisting DER + additional DER (full DER-CAM technology range)

• DER-CAM assessment considering blackouts:Existing DERExisting DER + additional PV and storageExisting DER + Diesel backup generatorsExisting DER + additional PV, batteries and diesel backup generatorsExisting DER + additional DER (full DER-CAM technology range)

Load prioritizations: 10% Critical loads; 20% Low Priority; 70% Medium priority

Energy Exchange: Federal Sustainability for the Next Decade

(Costs in million USD)Existing PV and

StorageExisting PV, Storage +

Diesel BackupAdditional PV and

StorageAdditional PV, Storage

and Diesel Backup All DER

TOTAL COSTS 5.363 3.068 3.655 2.976 2.702Electricity Costs 2.216 2.216 0.785 1.661 1.145

Fuel Costs 0.320 0.326 0.320 0.324 0.477Annualized Capital Costs 0.491 0.510 2.475 0.971 0.976

O&M Costs 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.036CDF Costs 2.330 0.009 0.059 0.010 0.000

Annual CO2, ton 4955 4973 2132 4119 4444

Installed CapacityPhotovoltaic, kW 2000 2000 4936 3106 2077

Electric Storage, kWh 1000 1000 20709 4374 1250Diesel Backup, kW - 1400 - 1000 -

ICE, kW - - - - 2000ICE HX, kW - - - - 500

Absorption Chiller, kW - - - - 2807Solar Thermal, kW - - - - 801

Fort Hunter Liggett – DER-CAM assessment - 24h blackoutKey Results*)

• Results show that additional PV and storage, in addition to backup generation, will allow FHL to survive 24h outages without any major service disruption at low costs – diesel consumption roughly 1250 gallons for 24h

• When considering all DER options, the optimal investment solution allows enough flexibility to maintain operation during 24h outages and lowest costs

*) Sales are not part of this analysis 24

Energy Exchange: Federal Sustainability for the Next Decade

Fort Hunter Liggett – Technology Portfolio

• goal: use Operations DER-CAM based supervisory microgrid controller to optimize operation schedules and limit grid export

• current technologies: 3MW of PV, 1.25MWh battery, and 4MW backup diesel,

• 2015/2016: 5MW of PV, 4+MWh battery, and 400kW waste to generation

4 MWSeveral Backup

Diesel in 30-500 kW range

Utility Grid

Point of Common Coupling Breaker

400 kWWaste to Generation

BuildingLoads

2 MWSolar Panel

1 MWSolar Panel

1.25 MWhBattery

??? MWSolar Panel

3 MWhBattery

SupervisoryController

SCADA

D DER/Load Interface

Electrical Link

Cyber Link

D D D D D D D D

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DER-CAMplanning module

utility export limit module

SCADA data exchange module

SCADAinternet

battery, purchase, and load drop schedules

weather forecast

actual load, PV generation and SOC

deliver set-points and also dynamic lookup

table

system statusinstructions

Dispatch Planner at FHL

15min cycle

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Successful Feeding of Operations DER-CAM Dispatches into the SCADA System

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• two-days ahead predictive optimization• PV and load forecasts are inputs to Operations DER-CAM

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schematic of physical and cyber interactions between utility, microgrid site, local

resources, microgrid controller, and optimization

problem

Utility and Microgrid Interactions

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Layered Architecture for Utility-Interactive Microgrid

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• Meet Net-Zero Energy through on-going Energy Savings Projects and Installing Distributed Renewable Energy Production from PV

• Finalize MV Distribution Ring• Implement Islandable Microgrid

– DERCAM Control– Motorized MV Switchgear– Individual Islandable Sub-Microgrids

• Meet Energy Security with Battery for continuous operation• Future Bi-Directional Vehicle Charging • Questions....

Fort Hunter Liggett Microgrid