Formulating Research Problem
-
Upload
maria-erika -
Category
Documents
-
view
84 -
download
16
description
Transcript of Formulating Research Problem
FORMULATING RESEARCH PROBLEM
Topic 2NPP 105CAF Reballos
Formulating Research Problem
Review of Related Literature Conceptual & Theoretical Literature Synthesis
Developing Conceptual Model Theoretical & Conceptual Framework
Research Problems Statement of the Problem Hypothesis
Literature Review
Consists of a collection of pertinent readings, published or unpublished, in local or foreign settings
Provide discussions of facts, principles, trends and practices to which the present study is related
RRL: Purpose
Provide an idea on how extensive studies have been done in specific areas
Give the investigator new or additional knowledge on the topic that s/he intends to pursue or to fill in gaps in the knowledge
RRL: Purpose
Help improve the methods and instruments for the purposed studies, learning from the best practices
Provide a general background for the research
Justify replication of previous studies Avoid duplication
RRL: Purpose
Confirm, support, or even challenge the findings of other studies
Help build the theoretical or conceptual framework of the proposed study, and
Locate possible sources of other relevant materials by looking at the list of references of previous studies
RRL: Types
Conceptual Review Non-research reference materials
written by authorities on the subject which embody experiences, viewpoints and interpretations of the subject of the research study
Sources: encyclopedia, books, commentaries, publications
Conceptual Literature
“Motivation and Reward System in Relation to the Clinical Attitude and Behavior of Nurses”
Merit System Motivation: Intrinsic and Extrinsic Ranking and Promotion Salaries and Privileges Recognition and Rewards
RRL: Types
Research Literature Consists of studies and researches or
theses and dissertations, published or unpublished, which have a bearing on the current research
RRL: Types
Research Literature Only research literature which are
related in purpose, method, or findings to the current study should be included in the review. The discussion should be in the form of a brief critical analysis of the purposes, method of the study, principal findings, and conclusions.
Research Literature
“Motivation and Reward System in Relation to the Clinical Attitude and Behavior of Nurses”
Humanistic Factors Recognition/Reward for Efficient
Performance Attitudes and Behavior of Nurses in
Hospitals
RRL: Sources
Primary Source- Information and data for the review are
taken directly from the original research or author of the ref. mat. Nursing Literature Theories Ideas from other Sources Empirical Studies
RRL: Sources
Secondary Source- Materials for the review are taken from
a researcher/author who cited the original author in his work Replications Thesis review Review of Related Research Thesis Critique
RRL: Preparation
Visit the Library and Gather Pertinent Materials for Review Facts, statistics, findings or previous
researchers Theories, principles and concepts Methods, techniques & procedures Opinions, belief or points of view Perceptions, clinical impressions &
interpretations of needs & problems
RRL: Preparation
Organizing the Review Consolidating ideas from various
sources coherently in order to develop a meaningful RRL
RRL: Preparation
Note-taking and Documentation Summarizing Quoting Paraphrasing Acknowledging sources of data
Presenting the Contents of the Review Take note of the Fallacies in RRL
Example (In-text Citations)
The beneficial effects of enteral feeding for stimulating the growth andmotility of the gastrointestinal tract andreducing infections and metabolic complications have been reported (Kirby et al., 1995).
Example (In-text Citations)
Kirby et al. (1995) reported the beneficial effects of enteral feeding for stimulating the growth and motility ofthe gastrointestinal tract and for reducing infections and metabolic complications.
Example (In-text Citations)
According to Kirby et al. (1995), the beneficial effects of enteral feeding is for stimulating the growth and motility of the gastrointestinal tract and for reducing infections and metabolic complications.
Example (In-text Citations)
The beneficial effects of enteral feeding (Kirby et al., 1995) is for stimulating the growth and motility of the gastrointestinal tract and reducing infections and metabolic complications have been reported.
Example (In-text Citations)
The beneficial effects of enteral feeding, as reported by Kirby et al. (1995), is stimulating the growth andmotility of the gastrointestinal tract andreducing infections and metabolic complications.
Example (In-text Citations)
The beneficial effects of enteral feeding have been reported by Kirby et al. (1995). It stimulates the growth andmotility of the gastrointestinal tract andreduced the infections and metabolic complications.
Example (In-text Citations)
Personal Communication:The beneficial effects of enteral
feeding is to stimulates the growth andmotility of the gastrointestinal tract andreduces infections and metabolic Complications (Kirby et al., personnal communication, 2009)
metaSEARCH THE SEARCH ENGINES
http://www.metacrawler.com/
WebCrawler www.webcrawler.com
search.com http://www.search.com
DoGPILE www.dogpile.com
Vivisimo http://vivisimo.com/
Mamma http://mamma.com
KartOO http://www.kartoo.com/
SurfWax http://www.surfwax.com
ICEROCKET http://www.icerocket.com/
info.com http://www.info.com/
INfoGrid http://www.infogrid.com/
IZito http;//www.izito.com/
Example (Reference Citations) Books and Monographs (Single author)
Surname, Initials (Year). Title. Publisher, Edition, Year Published
Marieb, E. (2006). Essentials of Anatomy and Physiology. C&E Publishing, 2008
Books and Monographs (2 or more authors)
Surname, Initials, Surname, Initials (Year). Title. Publisher, Edition, Year Published
Manlapaz, E.Z. & Francisco, M.E. (2005). The New Anvil Guide to Research: Paper Writing. Anvil Publishing, 2008
Example (Reference Citations) Journal (Single/Multiple Author/s)
Surname, Initials (Year). Title of Article. Title of Journal, Volume No.(Series No.): Page Number/s
Reballos, C.A.F., Bendo, J.P., & Gloriani, L.E. (2007). Toxicity and Subacute Toxicity of Virgin Coconut Oil Among Albino Rats (Rattus sp). Journal of Philippine Science, 154(3): 34 – 41
Example (Reference Citations) Masteral’s Thesis/Dissertations
Surname, Initials (Year). Title of Thesis/Dissertation. Unpublsihed undergraduate/masterate thesis/doctoral dissertation. University Name/College Name.
Reballos, C.A.F. (2009). Interactions of Monosodium Glutamate and Vitamins A and C in the Bioavailability of Iron Among Iron-Deficient Anemic Albino Rats. Unpublished masterate thesis. De La Salle University-Dasmariñas.
Example (Reference Citations) Dictionary
Title of Dictionary (Edition).(Year). Place of Publishing: Publisher.
Shorter Oxford English dictionary (5th ed.).(2002). New York: Oxford University Press.
Newspapers/Magazines/Periodical
Surname, Initials (Date). Title of Article. Name of Magazine/Periodical, Volume, Page Numbers
Thomas, E. & Hosenball, M. (2004, May 31). Bush's Mr. Wrong: The Rise and Fall of Chalabi. Newsweek, 143, 22–32.
Example (Reference Citations) Classroom Lecture
Darling, C.W. (2004, April). Images at Work in the Poetry of William Carlos Williams. Outline presented in a classroom lecture at Capital Community College, Hartford, CT.
Electronic and Online Sources
UNICEF/UNU/WHO (2001). Iron deficiency anemia: assessment, prevention, and control. WHO/NHD/01.3 Geneva, Switzerland. http://www.who.int
Example (Reference Citations) Book without Author/Editor
Webster's New Collegiate Dictionary (1961). Springfield, MA: G. & C. Merriam.
PAHO/CDC/MOD/UNICEF/INTA (2003) Flour fortification with iron, folic acid and vitamin B12. Regional Meeting Report. Santiago, Chile.
FNRI (2002) Recommended energy and nutrient intakes (RENI) Philippines, 2002 Ed. RENI Committee, Task Forces and FNRI-DOST Secretariat
Australian Glutamate Information Service (2007) MSG. www.msg.org.au