Formulas and Names-Inorganic Compounds
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Transcript of Formulas and Names-Inorganic Compounds
1
Formulas and Names of
Inorganic Compounds
Naming and Writing Ionic
Formulas
Copyright © 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.
2
Naming Ionic Compounds with Two
Elements
To name a compound that contains two elements,
• identify the cation
and anion. • name the cation
first, followed by the name of the anion with an –ide ending.
3
Charges of Representative
Elements
Copyright © 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.
4
Names of Some Common Ions
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Complete the names of the following ions:
Ba2+ Al3+ K+
_________ __________ _________
N3 O2 F
_________ __________ _________
P3 S2 Cl
_________ __________ _________
Learning Check
6
Ba2+ Al3+ K+
barium aluminum potassium
N3 O2 F
nitride oxide fluoride
P3 S2 Cl
phosphide sulfide chloride
Solution
7
Formula Ions Name cation anion NaCl Na+ Cl- sodium chloride
K2S K+ S2- potassium sulfide
MgO Mg2+ O2- magnesium oxide
CaI2 Ca2+ I- calcium iodide
Al2O3 Al3+ O2- aluminum oxide
Examples of Ionic Compounds with
Two Elements
8
Write the names of the following compounds: 1) CaO ___________
2) KBr ___________
3) Al2O3 ___________
4) MgCl2 ___________
Learning Check
9
Write the names of the following compounds:
1) CaO calcium oxide
2) KBr potassium bromide
3) Al2O3 aluminum oxide
4) MgCl2 magnesium chloride
Solution
10
Learning Check
Write the formulas and names for compounds of the
following ions: Br− S2− N3− Na+
Al3+
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Solution
Br− S2− N3−
Na+
Al3+
NaBr
sodium
bromide
Na2S
sodium
sulfide
Na3N
sodium
nitride
AlBr3
aluminum
bromide
Al2S3
aluminum
sulfide
AlN
aluminum
nitride
Transition Metals Form Positive
Ions
Most transition metals and Group 4 (14) metals form 2
or more positive ions. However, Zn2+, Ag+, and Cd2+ form
only one ion.
13
Metals That Form More Than One
Cation
The name of metals
with two or more
positive ions (cations)
use a Roman numeral
to identify ionic charge.
14
Naming Ionic Compounds with
Variable Charge Metals
15
Naming Variable Charge Metals
Transition metals with two different ions use a Roman
numeral after the name of the metal to indicate ionic
charge.
16
Naming FeCl2
To name FeCl2: 1. Determine the charge of the cation using the charge
of the anion (Cl-).
Fe ion + 2 Cl- = Fe ion + 2- = 0
Fe ion = 2+
2. Name the cation by the element name and add a
Roman numeral in parentheses to show its charge.
Fe2+ = iron(II)
3. Write the anion with an ide ending.
FeCl2 = iron(II) chloride
17
Naming Cr2O3
To name Cr2O3: 1. Determine the charge of cation from the anion (O2-).
2 Cr ions + 3 O2- = 0
2 Cr ions + 3 (2-) = 0
2 Cr ions - 6 = 0
2 Cr ions = 6+
Cr ion = 3+ = Cr3+
2. Name the cation by the element name and add a
Roman numeral in parentheses to show its charge.
Cr3+ = chromium(III)
3. Write the anion with an ide ending.
chromium(III) oxide = Cr2O3
18
Learning Check
Select the correct name for each.
A. Fe2S3
1) iron sulfide
2) iron(II) sulfide
3) iron(III) sulfide
B. CuO
1) copper oxide
2) copper(I) oxide
3) copper(II) oxide
19
Solution
Select the correct name for each.
A. Fe2S3
3) iron (III) sulfide Fe3+ S2-
B. CuO
3) copper (II) oxide Cu2+ O2-
20
Guide to Writing Formulas from the
Name
Copyright © 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.
21
Writing Formulas
Write a formula for potassium sulfide. 1. Identify the cation and anion. potassium = K+ sulfide = S2−
2. Balance the charges. K+ S2−
K+ 2(1+) + 2(1-) = 0 3. 2 K+ and 1 S2− = K2S
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Writing Formulas
Write a formula for iron(III) chloride.
1. Identify the cation and anion.
iron (III) = Fe3+ (III = charge of 3+)
chloride = Cl−
2. Balance the charges.
Fe3+ Cl−
Cl− = (3+) + 3(1-) = 0
Cl−
3. 1 Fe3+ and 3 Cl− = FeCl3
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Learning Check
What is the correct formula for each of the following?
A. Copper(I) nitride
1) CuN 2) CuN3 3) Cu3N
B. Lead(IV) oxide
1) PbO2 2) PbO 3) Pb2O4
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Solution
The correct formula is
A. Copper(I) nitride
3) Cu3N Need 3 Cu+ and N3-
B. Lead(IV) oxide
1) PbO2 Need Pb4+ and 2 O2-
25
Polyatomic Ions
Formulas and Names of
Inorganic Compounds
Copyright © 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.
26
A polyatomic ion
• is a group of atoms.
• has an overall ionic charge. Some examples of polyatomic ions are
NH4+ ammonium OH− hydroxide
NO3−
nitrate NO2
− nitrite
CO32− carbonate PO4
3− phosphate
HCO3− hydrogen carbonate
(bicarbonate)
Polyatomic Ions
27
Some Compounds with Polyatomic
Ions
Copyright © 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.
28
The names of common polyatomic anions
• end in ate.
NO3− nitrate PO4
3− phosphate
• with one oxygen less end in ite.
NO2− nitrite PO3
3− phosphite
• with hydrogen attached use the prefix hydrogen (or bi).
HCO3− hydrogen carbonate (bicarbonate)
HSO3− hydrogen sulfite (bisulfite)
Some Names of Polyatomic Ions
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Names and Formulas of Common
Polyatomic Ions
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• The positive ion is named first, followed by the
name of the polyatomic ion.
NaNO3 sodium nitrate
K2SO4 potassium sulfate
Fe(HCO3)3 iron(III) bicarbonate
or iron(III) hydrogen carbonate
(NH4)3PO3 ammonium phosphite
Naming Compounds with
Polyatomic Ions
Guide to Naming Compounds with
Polyatomic Ions
31
32
Some Compounds with Polyatomic
Ions
33
Match each formula with the correct name.
A. MgS 1) magnesium sulfite
MgSO3 2) magnesium sulfate
MgSO4 3) magnesium sulfide
B. Ca(ClO3)2 1) calcium chlorate
CaCl2 2) calcium chlorite
Ca(ClO2)2 3) calcium chloride
Learning Check
34
Match each formula with the correct name.
A. MgS 3) magnesium sulfide
MgSO3 1) magnesium sulfite
MgSO4 2) magnesium sulfate
B. Ca(ClO3)2 1) calcium chlorate
CaCl2 3) calcium chloride
Ca(ClO2)2 2) calcium chlorite
Solution
35
Learning Check
Name each of the following compounds:
A. Mg(NO3)2
B. Cu(ClO3)2
C. PbO2
D. Fe2(SO4)3
E. Ba3(PO3)2
36
Solution
Name each of the following compounds:
A. Mg(NO3)2 magnesium nitrate
B. Cu(ClO3)2 copper(II) chlorate
C. PbO2 lead(IV) oxide
D. Fe2(SO4)3 iron(III) sulfate
E. Ba3(PO3)2 barium phosphite
37
Writing Formulas with Polyatomic
Ions
The formula of an ionic compound
• containing a polyatomic ion must have a charge
balance that equals zero (0).
Na+ and NO3− -> NaNO3
• with two or more polyatomic ions has the
polyatomic ions in parentheses.
Mg2+ and 2NO3−
-> Mg(NO3)2
subscript 2 for charge balance
38
Select the correct formula for each.
A. aluminum nitrate
1) AlNO3 2) Al(NO)3 3) Al(NO3)3
B. copper(II) nitrate
1) CuNO3 2) Cu(NO3)2 3) Cu2(NO3)
C. iron(III) hydroxide
1) FeOH 2) Fe3OH 3) Fe(OH)3
D. tin(IV) hydroxide
1) Sn(OH)4 2) Sn(OH)2 3) Sn4(OH)
Learning Check
39
Select the correct formula for each.
A. aluminum nitrate 3) Al(NO3)3
B. copper(II) nitrate 2) Cu(NO3)2
C. iron(III) hydroxide 3) Fe(OH)3
D. tin(IV) hydroxide 1) Sn(OH)4
Solution
40
Learning Check
Write the correct formula for each.
A. potassium bromate
B. calcium carbonate
C. sodium phosphate
D. iron(III) oxide
E. iron(II) nitrite
41
Solution
Write the correct formula for each.
A. potassium bromate KBrO3
B. calcium carbonate CaCO3
C. sodium phosphate Na3PO4
D. iron(III) oxide Fe2O3
E. iron(II) nitrite Fe(NO2)2
42
Flowchart for Naming Ionic
Compounds
43
Learning Check
Name the following compounds:
A. Ca3(PO4)2
B. FeBr3
C. Al2S3
D. Zn(NO2)2
E. NaHCO3
44
Solution
Name the following compounds:
A. Ca3(PO4)2Ca2+ PO43−
calcium phosphate
B. FeBr3 Fe3+ Br − iron(III) bromide
C. Al2S3 Al3+ S2− aluminum sulfide
D. Zn(NO2)2 Zn2+ NO2− zinc nitrite
E. NaHCO3 Na+ HCO3− sodium hydrogen
carbonate
or sodium bicarbonate
45
Learning Check
Write the formulas for the following:
A. calcium nitrate
B. iron(II) hydroxide
C. aluminum carbonate
D. copper(II) bromide
E. lithium phosphate
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Solution
Write the formulas for the following:
A. calcium nitrate Ca2+, NO3−
Ca(NO3)2
B. iron(II) hydroxide Fe2+, OH− Fe(OH)2
C. aluminum carbonate Al3+, CO32− Al2(CO3)3
D. copper(II) bromide Cu2+, Br− CuBr2
E. lithium phosphate Li+, PO43−
Li3PO4
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Naming Covalent Compounds
In the names of covalent compounds, prefixes are
used to indicate the number of atoms (subscript) of
each element. (mono is usually omitted)
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Guide to Naming Covalent
Compounds
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What is the name of SO3?
1. The first nonmetal is S sulfur.
2. The second nonmetal is O, named oxide.
3. The subscript 3 of O is shown as the prefix tri.
SO3 -> sulfur trioxide
The subscript 1 (for S) or mono is understood.
Naming Covalent Compounds
50
Name P4S3.
1. The first nonmetal, P, is phosphorus.
2. The second nonmetal, S, is sulfide.
3. The subscript 4 of P is shown as tetra.
The subscript 3 of O is shown as tri.
P4S3 -> tetraphosphorus trisulfide
Naming Covalent Compounds
51
Formulas and Names of Some
Covalent Compounds
52
Select the correct name for each compound.
A. SiCl4 1) silicon chloride
2) tetrasilicon chloride
3) silicon tetrachloride
B. P2O5 1) phosphorus oxide
2) phosphorus pentoxide
3) diphosphorus pentoxide
C. Cl2O7 1) dichlorine heptoxide
2) dichlorine oxide
3) chlorine heptoxide
Learning Check
53
Select the correct name for each compound.
A. SiCl4 3) silicon tetrachloride
B. P2O5 3) diphosphorus pentoxide
C. Cl2O7 1) dichlorine heptoxide
Solution
54
Write the name of each covalent compound.
CO _____________________
CO2 _____________________
PCl3 _____________________
CCl4 _____________________
N2O _____________________
Learning Check
55
Write the name of each covalent compound.
CO carbon monoxide
CO2 carbon dioxide
PCl3 phosphorus trichloride
CCl4 carbon tetrachloride
N2O dinitrogen oxide
Solution
56
Guide to Writing Formulas for
Covalent Compounds
57
Write the formula for carbon disulfide.
STEP 1: Elements are C and S
STEP 2: No prefix for carbon means 1 C
Prefix di = 2
Formula: CS2
Example: Writing Formulas for
Covalent Compounds
58
Write the correct formula for each of the following:
A. phosphorus pentachloride
B. dinitrogen trioxide
C. sulfur hexafluoride
Learning Check
59
Write the correct formula for each of the following:
A. phosphorus pentachloride
1 P penta = 5 Cl PCl5
B. dinitrogen trioxide
di = 2 N tri = 3 O N2O3
C. sulfur hexafluoride
1 S hexa = 6 F SF6
Solution
60
Learning Check
Identify each compound as ionic or covalent, and give its
correct name.
A. SO3
B. BaCl2
C. (NH4)3PO3
D. Cu2CO3
E. N2O4
61
Study Tip: Ionic or Covalent
A compound is
• ionic if the first element in the formula
or the name is a metal or the polyatomic ion NH4+ .
K2O K is a metal; compound is ionic;
potassium oxide
• covalent if the first element in the formula or the name
is a nonmetal.
N2O N is a nonmetal; compound is covalent;
dinitrogen oxide
62
Solution
Identify each compound as ionic or covalent and give its
correct name.
A. SO3 covalent – sulfur trioxide
B. BaCl2 ionic – barium chloride
C. (NH4)3PO3 ionic – ammonium phosphite
D. Cu2CO3 ionic – copper(I) carbonate
E. N2O4 covalent – dinitrogen tetroxide
63
Learning Check
Identify each compound as ionic or covalent and give its
correct name.
A. Ca3(PO4)2
B. FeBr3
C. SCl2
D. Cl2O
E. N2
64
Solution
Identify each compound as ionic or covalent and give its
correct name.
A. Ca3(PO4) ionic Ca2+ PO43− calcium phosphate
B. FeBr3 ionic Fe3+ Br − iron(III) bromide
C. SCl2 covalent 1S 2 Cl sulfur dichloride
D. Cl2O covalent 2 Cl 1 O dichlorine oxide
E. N2 covalent element nitrogen
65
Learning Check
Determine if each is ionic (I) or covalent (C ), and write
the formula.
A. calcium nitrate
B. boron trifluoride
C. aluminum carbonate
D. dinitrogen tetroxide
E. copper(I) phosphate
66
Solution
Determine if each is ionic (I) or covalent (C ), and write the formula.
A. calcium nitrate (I) Ca2+, NO3−
Ca(NO3)2
B. boron trifluoride (C) 1 B, 3 F BF3
C. aluminum carbonate (I) Al3+, CO32− Al2(CO3) 3
D. dinitrogen tetroxide (C) 2 N, 4 O N2O4
E. copper(I) phosphate (I) Cu+, PO43−
Cu3PO4
An acid can be defined as a substance that yields
hydrogen ions (H+) when dissolved in water.
HCl
•Pure substance, hydrogen chloride
•Dissolved in water (H+ Cl-), hydrochloric acid
An oxoacid is an acid that contains hydrogen, oxygen, and
another element.
HNO3 nitric acid
H2CO3 carbonic acid
H2SO4 sulfuric acid
HNO3
Acids
Acids
Acids
A base can be defined as a substance that yields
hydroxide ions (OH-) when dissolved in water.
NaOH sodium hydroxide
KOH potassium hydroxide
Ba(OH)2 barium hydroxide
Bases
Hydrates are compounds that have a specific number
of water molecules attached to them.
BaCl2•2H2O
LiCl•H2O
MgSO4•7H2O
Sr(NO3)2 •4H2O
barium chloride dihydrate
lithium chloride monohydrate
magnesium sulfate heptahydrate
strontium nitrate tetrahydrate
CuSO4•5H2O CuSO4
Hydrates