FORMATION DE CONDUITE AVANTAGE ADVANTAGE DRIVER TRAINING FAIRE DE NOS ROUTES, LES PLUS SÉCURITAIRE,...

FORMATION DE CONDUITE AVANTAGE

ADVANTAGE DRIVER TRAINING

FAIRE DE NOS ROUTES, LES PLUS SÉCURITAIRE, UN CONDUCTEUR À LA FOIS

MAKING OUR ROAD’S SAFER, ONE DRIVER AT A TIME

Final reportof the winter tire test for ANB

• Formation de conduite Avantage completed the Winter tire testing event at the Tim Hortons 4 Ice Centre, Kay arena in Moncton N,-B. This test was done on Friday the 28th of march,2008.

• Formation de conduite Avantage also prepared the ice surfaces and breaking in of tires, which was recommended by some tire manufacturers. The recommendation of 125 to 150 km run on the tires before actually doing the Winter tire testing.These runs were completed on Thursday the 27 of March.

• Formation de conduite Avantage tested the actual tire BF Goodrich All-Terrain T/A KO, the Bridgestone Blizzack W965, the Kumho Powergrip KC11, the Toyo Open Country G02 Plus and the Toyo Open Country H/T.These tires were to meet the criterias asked by ANB (attached as appendix A)

• These tests were done on 4 different types of surfaces, first one being on ice surface, the second one on a dry asphalt surface, the third one on a snow packed and the fourth one on a flooded asphalt.

Page 1

Final report continue • All tires were installed the morning of the Winter tire testing event by ANB mecanic personnel and

or other tire dealers technicians.The tires’ air pressure was verified and corrected. All tires air pressure were adjusted to the amount requested by the dealers, which was of 60 psi in front tires and of 80 psi rear tires. I myself had recommanded 80psi all around the vehicle ,due to the over weight of the vehicle itself.

• Ice preparation – After laying down a sheet of water and allowing it to freeze, a good dry cut was done by the Zamboni. The purpose is to make the surface equal for all tires at all spots. Also a Zamboni dry cut was done after 3 test runs.

• The V-2000 from Vericom is a computerized tool in which it records all actual speed measurements and breaking distances and will also normalize it to an average measurement . Robert Coultes from Bridgestone Firestone was the actual person in charge of the VC-2000.

• 3 Ambulances were used in the actual winter tire testing event, vehicle #478, #479 and #490

• Vehicle #490 was the first one to be tested for acceleration, and braking distances, than used to calibrate the VC-2000.

Page 2

Final report continue

• A short meeting was held between Formation de conduite Avantage, ANB and all other personnel such as mecanics, tire technicians, tire dealers or authorized persons invited to the actual tire testing event to discuss the safety aspect of the testing and persons allowed on ice surface.

• Ice tempurature was also taken at different interval,the ice temperature varied from minus 2,2 celcius at 8:02am to -2,0 celcius at 11:57am. ( attached Appendix B )

• Tire break-in is very important. Different companies use more or less of different types of molds release and this will result in different results in ice and wet performance for the first 1% of tire life from the remaining 99%.A good tire breakin will scrub off this mold release and is typically 100 miles(160km) with some degree of agressive driving (lane changes, hard cornering, etc) which was done and completed on the day before for a run of 125 to 150km. These break-in run were done except for the BF Goodrich type presently used, because it was not approved by the present dealer who was on site.

• The actual testing started at 10:30 am

• Formation de conduite Avantage did receive a first report from Mr Robert Coultes and sent it to Mr Rock Marois within the first 10 days

Page 3

TIRES AIR PRESSURE

FRONT

REAR

F / P

F / D

R / P

R / D

Front driver 57psi

Actual tire pressure

Front passenger 59psi

Rear driver 78psi

Rear passenger 76psi

MINIVAN / LT MODEL YEAR GVWR VEHICLE STANDARD TIRE OPTIONAL TIRE RIM SIZE TORQUE WHEEL SIZE / INFLATIONS SIZE / INFLATIONS NO BOLT BASE FR. RR. PLY FR. RR. PLY. HOLES CIR

CORRECTED AIR PRESSURE YES NO

Vehicle # 478

+

E350 FORD ECONOLINE 9500 138 55 80 E 7K8-165.1MM

140

TIRES AIR PRESSURE

FRONT

REAR

F / P

F / D

R / P

R / D

Front driver 57psi



Rear driver 77psi




Vehicle # 479

+

E350 FORD ECONOLINE 9500 138 55 80 E 7K8-165.1MM

140

TIRES AIR PRESSURE

FRONT

REAR

F / P

F / D

R / P

R / D

Front driver 58psi



Rear driver 74psi




Vehicle # 490

+

E350 FORD ECONOLINE LT245 75/R16 55 80 109500 138 7K8-165.1MM

140

TIRE TEMPERATURE

FRONT

REAR

F / P

F / D

R / P

R / D

ON ARRIVAL

F / D -8.2 CF / P -7.1 CR / D -7.6 CR / P -10.5 C

F / D -4.4 CF / P -4.5 CR / D -4.6 CR / P -4.6 C

END OF TEST

Vehicle # 490

TIRE TEMPERATURE

FRONT

REAR

F / P

F / D

R / P

R / D

ON ARRIVAL

F / D -7.9 CF / P -7.7 CR / D -7.8 CR / P -7.7 C

F / D -4.5 CF / P -4.2 CR / D -4.4 CR / P -4.5 C

END OF TEST

Vehicle # 478

TIRE TEMPERATURE

FRONT

REAR

F / P

F / D

R / P

R / D

ON ARRIVAL

F / D -8.1 CF / P -7.9 CR / D -8.0 CR / P -8.1 C

F / D -4.3 CF / P -4.4 CR / D -4.6 CR / P -4.6 C

END OF TEST

Vehicle # 479

RESULT TIRE TESTING ASURFACE TIRE TIRE VEH# TARGET NORMALIZED MANUFACTURER MODEL SPEED BRAKING DISTANCE (m)

ICE BF GOODRICH ALL-TERRAIN T/A KO 479 20KM/H 20,2ICE BRIDGESTONE BLIZZAK W965 478 20KM/H 15,1ICE KUMHO POWERGRIP KC11 490 20KM/H 18,4ICE TOYO OPEN COUNTRY G02 PLUS 479 20KM/H 19,9ICE TOYO OPEN COUNTRY H/T 478 20KM/H 17,3

SNOW BF GOODRICH ALL-TERRAIN T/A KO 478 35KM/H 14,6SNOW BRIDGESTONE BLIZZAK W965 479 35KM/H 16,3SNOW HANKOOK DYNAPRO AS RH03 490 35KM/H 16,7SNOW KUMHO POWER GRIP KC11 478 35KM/H 14,5SNOW TOYO OPEN COUNTRY G02 PLUS 490 35KM/H 18,2SNOW TOYO OPEN COUNTRY H/T 479 35KM/H 15,0

NOTE: THESE RESULTS ARE BASED ON TARGET SPEEDS AND NORMALIZED BRAKING DISTANCES

SEE CHART A1

SEE CHART A2

RESULTS TIRE TESTING A1ICE BRAKING CHART

NOTE:THESE RESULTS ARE BASED ON TARGET SPEEDS AND NORMALIZED BRAKING DISTANCES

0

5

10

15

20

25

ICE BRAKING

BF GOODRICH

BRIDGESTONE

KUMHO

TOYO G01PLUS

TOYO H/T

RESULTS TIRE TESTING A2SNOW BRAKING CHART


02468

101214161820

SNOW

BF GOODRICH

BRIDGESTONE

HANKOOK

KUMHO

TOYO G02

TOYO H/T

RESULT TIRE TESTING BSURFACE TIRE TIRE VEH# TARGET NORMALIZED MANUFACTURER MODEL SPEED BRAKING DISTANCE (m)

ASPHALT BF GOODRICH ALL-TERRAIN T/A KO 478 50KM/H 16,4 II BRIDGESTONE BLIZZAK W965 479 50KM/H 16,9 II HANKOOK DYNAPRO AS RH03 490 50KM/H 14,4 II KUMHO POWERGRIP KC11 478 50KM/H 16,9 II TOYO OPEN COUNTRY G02 PLUS 490 50KM/H 16,0 II TOYO OPEN COUNTRY H/T 479 50KM/H 15,8

FLOODED BF GOODRICH ALL-TERRAIN T/A KO 478 50KM/H 16,5ASPHALT BRIDGESTONE BLIZZAK W965 479 50KM/H 16,1 II HANKOOK DYNAPRO AS RH03 490 50KM/H 16,0 II KUMHO POWER GRIP KC11 478 50KM/H 17,8 II TOYO OPEN COUNTRY G02 PLUS 490 50KM/H 16,3 II TOYO OPEN COUNTRY H/T 479 50KM/H 15,9


SEE CHART B1

SEE CHART B2

RESULTS TIRE TESTING B1ALPHALT BRAKING CHART


13

13,5

14

14,5

15

15,5

16

16,5

17

ASPHALT

BF GOODRICH

BRIDGESTONE

HANKOOK

KUMHO

TOYO G02

TOYO H/T

RESULTS TIRE TESTING B2FLOODED ALPHALT BRAKING CHART


14,5

15

15,5

16

16,5

17

17,5

18

ASPHALT

BF GOODRICH

BRIDGESTONE

HANKOOK

KUMHO

TOYO G02

TOYO H/T

RESULT TIRE TESTING CSURFACE TIRE TIRE VEH# ACTUAL BRAKING MANUFACTURER MODEL SPEED DISTANCE (M)

ICE BF GOODRICH ALL-TERRAIN T/A KO 479 17,9KM/H 16,15ICE BRIDGESTONE BLIZZAK W965 478 16,8KM/H 10,67ICE KUMHO POWERGRIP KC11 490 12,6KM/H 7,32ICE TOYO OPEN COUNTRY G02 PLUS 479 13,1KM/H 8,53ICE TOYO OPEN COUNTRY H/T 478 16,8KM/H 12,19

SNOW BF GOODRICH ALL-TERRAIN T/A KO 478 37,8KM/H 17,07SNOW BRIDGESTONE BLIZZAK W965 479 31,0KM/H 12,80SNOW HANKOOK DYNAPRO AS RH03 490 31,4KM/H 13,41SNOW KUMHO POWER GRIP KC11 478 34,4KM/H 14,02SNOW TOYO OPEN COUNTRY G02 PLUS 490 32,3KM/H 15,54SNOW TOYO OPEN COUNTRY H/T 479 36,3KM/H 16,15

NOTE: THESE RESULTS ARE BASED ON ACTUAL SPEEDS AND ACTUAL BRAKING DISTANCES

SEE CHART C1

SEE CHARTC2

RESULTS TIRE TESTING C1ICE BRAKING CHART

NOTE:THESE RESULTS ARE BASED ON ACTUAL SPEEDS AND ACTUAL BRAKING DISTANCES

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

ICE BRAKING

BF GOODRICH

BRIDGESTONE

KUMHO

TOYO G01PLUS

TOYO H/T

RESULTS TIRE TESTING C2SNOW BRAKING CHART


0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

SNOW

BF GOODRICH

BRIDGESTONE

HANKOOK

KUMHO

TOYO G02

TOYO H/T

RESULT TIRE TESTING DSURFACE TIRE TIRE VEH# ACTUAL BRAKING MANUFACTURER MODEL SPEED DISTANCE (M)

ASPHALT BF GOODRICH ALL-TERRAIN T/A KO 479 51,5KM/H 17,37 II BRIDGESTONE BLIZZAK W965 478 51,5KM/H 17,98 II HANKOOK DYNAPRO AS RH03 490 51,0KM/H 14,94 II KUMHO POWERGRIP KC11 478 50,2KM/H 17,07 II TOYO OPEN COUNTRY G02 PLUS 490 49,8KM/H 15,85 II TOYO OPEN COUNTRY H/T 479 52,0KM/H 17,07

FLOODED BF GOODRICH ALL-TERRAIN T/A KO 478 32,6KM/H 17,98ASPHALT BRIDGESTONE BLIZZAK W965 479 32,5KM/H 17,37 II HANKOOK DYNAPRO AS RH03 490 32,00KM/H 16,76 II KUMHO POWER GRIP KC11 478 31,7KM/H 18,29 II TOYO OPEN COUNTRY G02 PLUS 490 30,2KM/H 15,24 II TOYO OPEN COUNTRY H/T 479 31,5KM/H 16,15


SEE CHART D1

SEE CHART D2

RESULTS TIRE TESTING D1ALPHALT BRAKING CHART


0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

ASPHALT

BF GOODRICH

BRIDGESTONE

HANKOOK

KUMHO

TOYO G02

TOYO H/T

RESULTS TIRE TESTING D2FLOODED ALPHALT BRAKING CHART


02468

101214161820

ASPHALT

BF GOODRICH

BRIDGESTONE

HANKOOK

KUMHO

TOYO G02

TOYO H/T

RECOMMENDED WINTER TIRESNORMALIZED BRAKING DISTANCES

ON ICE SURFACE AT A TARGET SPEED OF 20KM/H

BRIDGESTONE BLIZZAK W965

KUMHO POWERGRIP KC11

TOYO OPEN COUNTRY G02 PLUS

TOYO OPEN COUNTRY H/T

15,1M

18,4M

19,9M

17,3M

CHART E1


ON SNOW PACKED AT A TARGET SPEED OF 35KM/H





16,3M

14,5M

18,2M

15,0M

CHART E2


ON DRY ASPHALT AT A TARGET SPEED OF 50KM/H





16,9M

16,9M

16,0M

15,8M

CHART E3


ON FLOODED ASPHALT AT A TARGET SPEED OF 50KM/H





16,1M

17,8M

16,3M

15,9M

CHART E4

Conclusion

Only the 3 actual companies, Bridgestone Firestone, Toyo Canada and Kumhohave demonstrated a good result for the purpose of a winter tire test. They alsohave answered to the criterias and should be the only one’s recommended as agood winter tire. Appendix D

The original BF Goodrich All-Terrain T/A KO and the Hankook Dynapro AS RH03are also good tires, but known as an All-season tire and not for severe weather,such as ice, heavy amount of snow and cold weather such as -15 celcius to-40 celcius will not be recommended by myself. See Appendix C and letter by‘’The Rubber Association of Canada’’ paragraph 3

As per ANB criterias, I WOULD RECOMMEND ANY ONE OF THEM, not onlydue to the fact not only on cost,but it was also mentionned that tires would bereadily available from a reputable vendor in the province of New Brunswick andthat storage of used or unused tires would not be a problem.

Note: The recommendation are based on the safety of our driver first, than road safety and not on cost of tires.

Page 1

Conclusion Page 2

It is also my recommandation that winter tires should be used for our severe winter only and that the original tire ‘’ the Hankook tire ‘’ in this case would be used for summer. A winter tire should not be used in summer months due to its soft compound.

Also the criteria in appendix A ‘’ Min 3 ply sidewall ‘’ should be changed to the recommandation from the manufacturer which is 55 FR, 80RR E Load which is a 10 ply and for a GVWR of 9500 pounds.

My recommandation is also that these tires should be inflated to 80 pounds all around, due to the weight of the vehicle. Under inflation is the leading cause of tire failure. Under-inflated tires on your vehicles can also lead to poor delayed braking, steering and accelaration. Operating a vehicle with just a tire under-inflated by 20% (8 psi) can reduce the life of the tire 15,000 km and can increase the vehicle’s fuel consumption by 4%.

Conclusion Page 3

Attached, is a copy of a press release dated December 4th, 2005, from ‘’The Rubber Association of Canada and a story printed by Global News, dated November 08,2007.

Also some info on the meaning of the Mountain snowflake. See Appendix C

A chart on what is ‘’ The total stopping distance ‘’ Appendix D

A second set of chart was done to show the recommended winter tires based on a target speed and normalized braking distances. See chart # E1,E2,E3,E4

Note: If we are going to change safety on our road today, why not dress up our Emergency vehicles with proper tires and educate the rest of NEW-BRUNSWICKERS

APPENDIX A

• General guidelines

• The recommended tire must be readily available from a reputable vendor in the province of New Brunswick.

• Ideally, the recommended tire would have a demonstrated track record of meeting the needs and requirements of pre hospital emergency ambulance service.

• The recommended tire must have superior load carrying( an ambulance has a gross vehicle operating weight of approximately 9,200 lbs), traction and handling ability specific to emergency ambulance services if available.

• Tire wear, durability and cost must be a consideration when making recommendations.

• The same tire should be useable year round.

• Tire Specifications

• Load range e or better Min 3 ply sidewall

• Speed rating of as a minimum Dual compound

• Rim Protection Mountain / Snowflake designation

• Dual steel belted Minimum thread depth of 16/32 nd

• All weather suitable for use in an emergency ambulance service

Ambulance New Brunswick Tire Criteria

ICE SURFACE---------------

LENGHT

ICE TEMPERATURE -2.2 c at 8:02 am-2.1 c at 10:14am-2.0 c at 11:57am

200 ft

Appendix B

MOUNTAIN SNOWFLAKE

Tires marked with the pictograph of a peaked mountain with a snowflake meet specific snowtraction performance requirements, and havebeen « designed specifically for use insevere snow conditions ».

If you intend driving in severe winter conditions, Install four winter tires thatmeet the ‘’ snow tire ‘’ designation on your vehicle. These snow tires will assistyou to control your vehicle safely in slippery conditions.

Other TiresTires marked ‘’ M & S ’’ – or ‘’ mud and snow ‘’ tires, also known as ‘’ all-season ‘’ tires --- continue to provide safe all-weather performance, but may not always be suitable for severe snow conditions.

APPENDIX C

TOTAL STOPPING DISTANCESTHE TOTAL STOPPING DISDANCE IS DEVIDED INTO 3 FACTORS, FOR AN AVERAGE DRIVER PERCEPTION ANDDECISION TIME IS NORMALLY ¾ TO 1 SECOND, THEN FOLLOWED BY REACTION TIME WHICH IS ALSO ¾ TO 1 SECOND AND LAST BRAKING TIME

. PERCEPTION AND DECISION TIME IS THE TIME IT TAKES TO RECOGNIZE AND IDENTIFY THE DANGER AND MAKE A WISE DECISION TO REDUCE THE BRAKING DISTANCE BEFORE IMPACT

. REACTION TIME , IS THE TIME IT TAKES TO RELEASE THE ACCELARATION PEDAL, THEN TO REACH AND APPLY THE BRAKE PEDAL, THIS ALSO TAKES ¾ TO 1 SECOND FOR AN AVERAGE DRIVER.

. BRAKING DISTANCE IS THE TIME IT TAKE OUNCE YOU HAVE APPLIED THE BRAKES AND THE VEHICLE HAS COME TO A FULL STOP

4,2 4,2 2

20 KM/H

60 KM/H

100 KM/H

12,6 12,6 18

21 21 50

THESE MEASUREMENTS ARE IN METERS

Appendix D

FORMATION DE CONDUITE AVANTAGE ADVANTAGE DRIVER TRAINING FAIRE DE NOS ROUTES, LES PLUS SÉCURITAIRE,...

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