Formal rules, informal timber extraction, Central Africa and China
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THINKING beyond the canopy THINKING beyond the canopy
Formal rules, informal timber extraction, Central Africa and China
Greening China-Africa Cooperation, Beijing, 8th June 2013
Paolo Omar CERUTTI
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THINKING beyond the canopy
The map is not the territory
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THINKING beyond the canopy
The W.E.I.R.D. effect
http://www.foreignpolicy.com
China&…&imports&.mber&and&exports&ecological&impact&(Mayer&et&al.&2005)&&China’s&.mber&prac.ces&abroad&are&a&threat&to&sustainability&and&human&livelihoods&(Sun&et&al.&2004;&Smouts&2003)&&There&is&a&culture&of&secrecy&around&Chinese&companies&and&their&prospec.ng&ac.vi.es&(Smouts&2003;&Glastra&1999)&
The&real&resource&sink&is&the&US,&Europe,&and&Japan&(White&et&al.&2006)&&China&gives&fewer&lectures&and&more&prac.cal&help&(in&Africa)&(Jeffrey&Sachs&in&NYT,&8/18/06)&&China’s&involvement&in&Africa&lacks&perspec.ve&in&broadsheet&press&(Mawdsley&2008)&
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THINKING beyond the canopy
Central Africa: the map
• Forest management units
• Council forests
• Community forests
• Authorisations
• Customary permits
Area/Volume harvested Investments
People employed ...
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THINKING beyond the canopy
Central Africa: the territory
Outcomes) Effec,ve)formal)ins,tu,ons)
Ineffec,ve)formal)ins,tu,ons)
Convergent) Complementary& Subs.tu.ve&
Divergent) Accommoda.ng& Compe.ng&
Helmke and Levitsky 2004
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THINKING beyond the canopy
Our findings: the map
Timber exports to Asia (90% China) over total exports
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THINKING beyond the canopy
Our findings: the territory
Cerutti et al. 2011
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THINKING beyond the canopy
Timber: the map
http://www.wri.org
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THINKING beyond the canopy
Timber: the territory
WWF-CED-RELUFA 2012
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THINKING beyond the canopy
Timber production: the map
“Informal” timber production
Cerutti and Tacconi 2008
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THINKING beyond the canopy
[Percent of national sawnwood production, m3]
Source: State of the Forest 2010, chapter 4 (www.observatoire-comifac.net)
Timber production: the territory
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THINKING beyond the canopy THINKING beyond the canopy
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THINKING beyond the canopy
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THINKING beyond the canopy THINKING beyond the canopy
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THINKING beyond the canopy THINKING beyond the canopy
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THINKING beyond the canopy THINKING beyond the canopy
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THINKING beyond the canopy THINKING beyond the canopy
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THINKING beyond the canopy
The State: the map
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THINKING beyond the canopy
The State: the territory
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THINKING beyond the canopy
Recent trends: map or territory?
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THINKING beyond the canopy
What about China in all this?
• There exist “things” that make China different from other countries – But “who” is China?
• “Old” players have shaped the territory, “new” players challenge “model” behavioural norms (often wrongly) taken for granted
• Before changing the “rules of the game”, new players need to learn current rules – “Fill the gaps” = easiest initial strategy?
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THINKING beyond the canopy THINKING beyond the canopy
The Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR) is one of the 15 centres supported by the Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research (CGIAR)
Grazie www.cifor.org/pro-formal