FORM 2, Chap 03-Biodiversity

Biodiversity

Important Concepts3.1 Variety of Living Things and Their

Classification Quick Refresh

Smart Review

1© Amazing Tunas Enterprise (001573407-U)TRG – Science Form 2

Chapter 3 : Biodiversity

Important Concepts

2

Biodiversitymade up of

Invertebrates

classified into

Non-floweringplants

Algae

Fungi

Moss

Fern

Floweringplants

Monocotyledon

Dicotyledon

classified into

Fish

Vertebrates

Amphibians

Reptiles

Birds

Mammals

classified into

Animals Plantsmade up of

Earthworm

Squid

Octopus

Beetle

examples

© Amazing Tunas Enterprise (001573407-U)TRG – Science Form 2


Chapter3.1

Variety of Living Things and Their Classification

Animals

Invertebrates

Vertebrates

3

Animals can be classified into two groups:

Animals without backbone

Make up the most number of animals on the Earth

Have great variety of shapes and sizes

Some invertebrates have soft bodies with no bones at all. Examples of these invertebrates are earthworms and octopus

Some invertebrates have coating on the outside of their bodies, also known as exoskeletons. Examples of these invertebrates are beetle and lobster

Animals with backbone

All vertebrates are either warm-blooded or cold-blooded

Warm-blooded vertebrates have fixed body temperature

Cold-blooded vertebrates have body temperature that changes to the surrounding temperature

Can be divided into five main groups, which are fish, amphibians,reptiles, birds and mammals



Chapter3.1 Variety of Living Things and Their Classification

Class of vertebrate Fish

Characteristics

Characteristic of body

Type of blood

Breathing organ

Type of fertilisation

Method of reproduction

Habitat

Examples of animals

Covered and protected by overlapping scales

Cold-blooded

Gills

External fertilisation

Lay eggs

Water

Sardine, goldfish, eel, clownfish




Class of vertebrate Amphibians

Characteristics


Type of blood

Breathing organ



Habitat

Examples of animals

Covered by moist skin

Cold-blooded

Gills (tadpole stage) Skins and lungs (adult stage)

External fertilisation

Lay eggs (without shell)

Water and land

Frog, toad, salamander




Class of vertebrate

Characteristics


Type of blood

Breathing organ



Habitat

Examples of animals

Covered with dry scales

Cold-blooded

Lungs

Internal fertilisation

Lay eggs (with shell)

Reptiles

Water and land

Crocodile, turtle, snake




Class of vertebrate Birds

Characteristics


Type of blood

Breathing organ



Habitat

Examples of animals

Covered with feathers Have beak Have a pair of wings Have a pair of legs covered with dry scales

Warm-blooded

Lungs


Sparrow, swan, chicken, pigeon

Lay eggs (with shell)

Land




Class of vertebrate Mammals

Characteristics


Type of blood

Breathing organ



Habitat

Examples of animals Lion, deer, elephant, whale

Covered with fur or hair Have a pair of external ears Have sweat gland Have mammary gland (produce milk for the young)

Warm-blooded

Lungs


Give birth to young

Land



Characteristics Monocotyledon Dicotyledon


Plant

Flowering plants

Leaf Leaves with parallelveins

Leaves with networkveins

Number of Cotyledon One Two

Type of stem Soft stem Woody stem

Type of root Fibrous roots system Tap roots system

Examples Maize plant Rambutan tree

Non-flowering plants

9

Plants can be classified into two groups:

produce flower, fruit and seed. They reproduce by seeds

can be classified into monocotyledon and dicotyledon

do not produce flower, fruit and seed. They reproduce by spores orbinary fission

can be classified into algae, fungi, moss and fern




Non-flowering plant Algae

Characteristics

Type of stem, leaf and root

Chlorophyll

Nutrition

Reproduction

Habitat

Examples of plant

Do not have leaves, stem and root

Present

Makes its own food (carries out photosynthesis)

Binary fission

Water

Chlamydomonas, spirogyra, seaweed




Non-flowering plant Fungi

Characteristics


Chlorophyll

Nutrition

Reproduction

Habitat

Examples of plant

Do not have leaves, stem and root

Absent

Gets food from living or dead organisms(live as parasite)

Produces spores (yeast reproduce by budding)

Damp places

Mold, yeast, mushroom




Non-flowering plant Moss

Characteristics


Chlorophyll

Nutrition

Reproduction

Habitat

Examples of plant

Have leaves and stem Do not have root

Present

Make its own food (carries out photosynthesis)

Produces spores

Damp places

Moss



12


Non-flowering plant Fern

Characteristics


Chlorophyll

Nutrition

Reproduction

Habitat

Examples of plant

Have leaves, stem and root

Present

Makes its own food (carries out photosynthesis)

Produce spores

Damp places

Ferns



Living organisms can be classified into animals and plants Habitat is the place that living organisms lives, seeks food and reproduce Animals are divided into two group, which is vertebrate and invertebrate Most of the animals on earth are invertebrates Vertebrates is the animals with backbones. These includes fish,

amphibians, reptiles, birds and mammals Invertebrates is the animals without backbones Plants are divided into two groups, which are flowering plants and

non-flowering plants Flowering plants can be classified into monocotyledon and dicotyledon Non-flowering plants can be classified into algae, fungi, moss and fern

Q.R.3.1 Quick Refresh



Smart Review

A living thing also known as an organism Living organisms exist in various shapes, sizes and habitats Variations is the differences that exist between the same species of

living organism Some mammals have unusual characteristics than other mammals,

such as(a) Whales and dolphins (live in water like fish)(b) Bats (have wings and fly like birds)(c) Anteaters (body covered with dry scales like reptiles, lay eggs)

Insects constitutes the largest number among animals



FORM 2, Chap 03-Biodiversity

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