FORM 1 APPENDIX I (See Paragraph-6) S. No Item...

1

FORM – 1

APPENDIX – I

(See Paragraph-6)

(I) Basic Information

S. No Item Details

1 Name of the Project /s Integrated Common Hazardous Waste

Treatment, Storage, Disposal and

Recycling Facilities at Industrial Growth

Centre, Phase-II, Samba. Mandhera

Village, Samba Tehsil, Samba District.

J&K.

2 S.No. in the Schedule Common hazardous waste treatment, storage and disposal facilities (TSDFs). Item 7(d) of the schedule of EIA

notification of Sept 14, 2006 issued by

MOEF.

3 Proposed capacity / area / length /

tonnage to be handled /command area /

lease area / number of wells to be drilled

The Proposed treatment facilities at the

site are:

Phase-I Secured Landfill : 68 TPD

Treatment/

Stabilization

: 41 TPD

Bio Medical Waste : 2 TPD

E- Waste : 55 TPD

Spent Solvent

Recycling

: 9 KLD

Phase-II

Incineration : 27 TPD

Secondary Lead

Recycling

: 11 TPD

Used oil recycling : 6 KLD

Alternate Fuel &Raw

Material Facility

: 14TPD

4 New / Expansion / Modernization Proposed facility

5 Existing Capacity / Area etc. Nil. 8 acres allotted at Industrial growth

Centre, Phase-II, Samba. Mandhera

village, Samba tehsil, Samba district.

J&K.

6 Category of Project i.e. „A‟ or „B‟ Category „A‟

Common hazardous waste treatment,

storage and disposal facilities (TSDFs).

Project site is located around 9.0km away

from India-Pakistan international

boundary.

2

7 Does it attract the general conditions? If

yes, please specify

Yes

The international boundary of India-

Pakistan International boundary is

located at a distance of about 9.0km

towards south from the site.

8 Does it attract the Specific conditions? If

yes, please specify

No

9 Location Site is located at 32033‟16” North and

75006‟85” East. Average elevation is

374m above MSL.

Location map of the site attached in

Annexure-1 and 10km radius map

attached in Annexure-2.

Plot / Survey / Khasra No 8 acres, Industrial Growth Centre, Phase-

II, Samba. Mandhera village, Samba

Tehsil, Samba district. J&K.

Village Mandhera village

Tehsil Samba Teshsil

District Samba District,

State Jammu and Kashmir.

10 Nearest railway station / airport along

with distance in kms

Samba railway station-5km, South East.

11 Nearest town, city, district headquarters

along with distance in kms.

Samba town-2.0km-Northeast.

12 Village Panchayats, Zilla Parishad,

Municipal Corporation, Local body

(complete postal addresses with

telephone nos, to be given).

Industrial Growth Centre, Phase-II,

Samba. Mandhera village, Samba Tehsil,

Samba district. J&K.

13 Name of the applicant Mr. Ravi Chandra

Manager

Ramasethu Infrastructure Private Limited,

No. 4-4-1/3, Y V Rao Estate, Jakkampudi,

Near CNG Gas Bunk, Vijayawada,

Andhra Pradesh – 520012

14 Registered Address Ramasethu Infrastructure Private Limited,

No. 4-4-1/3, Y V Rao Estate,

Jakkampudi, Near CNG Gas Bunk,

Vijayawada, Andhra Pradesh – 520012

15 Address for Correspondence Ramasethu Infrastructure Private Limited,




Name Mr. Ravi Chandra

Designation (Owner/Partner/CEO) Manager

3

Address Ramasethu Infrastructure Private Limited,




Pin Code 520012

E-mail [email protected]

Telephone no 9100481399

Fax. no

16 Details of Alternate Sites examined, if

any. Location of these sites should be

shown on a topo sheet

Village District State

The proposed land belongs to J&K

SIDCO. No alternate sites were

considered.

17 Interlinked Projects None

18 Whether separate application of

interlinked project has been submitted.

None

19 If yes, date of submission None

20 If no, reason None

21 Whether the proposal involves approval /

clearance under: if yes, details of the

same and their status to be given

The Forest (Conservation) Act, 1980?

The Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972?

The C.R.Z. Notification, 1991?

None

22 Whether there is any Government Order

/ Policy relevant / relating to the site

Department of Industry and commerce

allotted the site to J&K SIDCO for

industrial development.

23 Forest Land involved (hectares) Nil

24 Whether there is any litigation pending

against the project and / or land in which

the project is proposed to set up?

(a) Name of the Court

(b) Case No

(c) Orders / directions of the court, if

any and its relevance with the

proposed project.

No

mailto:[email protected]

4

(II) Activity

I. Construction, operation or decommissioning of the Project involving actions,

which will cause physical changes in the locality (topography, land use, changes

in water bodies, etc.).

S.No Information /Checklist

confirmation

Yes/

No

Details thereof (with approximate

quantities /rates, wherever possible)

with sources of information data

1.1 Permanent or temporary

change in land use, land cover

or topography including

increase in intensity of land use

(with respect to local land use

plan)

Yes Changes in land use, land cover or

topography are envisaged.

The layout of the proposed facility is

attached as Annexure 3.

1.2 Clearance of existing land,

vegetation and buildings?

Yes Yes clearance of existing grass is

envisaged.

There are no buildings in the area hence no

clearance is envisaged.

1.3 Creation of new land uses? No None in the study area.

1.4 Pre- construction investigations

e.g. bore holes, soil testing?

Yes Geotechnical investigations. Report

enclosed as Annexure 4.

1.5 Construction works? Yes Civil construction activities are involved for

development of Integrated Common

Hazardous Waste Treatment, Storage,

Disposal and Recycling Facilities.

1.6 Demolition works? No Not Applicable

1.7 Temporary sites used for

construction works or housing

of construction works?

No No temporary sites are proposed for

housing of the workers as they are hired

from the surrounding area.

1.8 Above ground buildings,

structures or earthworks

including linear structures, cut

and fill or excavations

Yes The proposed construction involves

development of an Integrated Common

Hazardous Waste Treatment, Storage,

Disposal and Recycling Facilities

Excavation will be done for laying

foundations and basements. The excavated

soil is used for construction of earthen

bunds.

1.9 Underground works including

mining or funneling?

No Not applicable

1.10 Reclamation Works? No Not applicable

1.11 Dredging? No No dredging activities are required.

1.12 Offshore structures? No The site is not lying near the shore

1.13 Production and manufacturing

processes?

Yes The manufacturing details attached as

Annexure 5.

1.14 Facilities for storage of goods

or materials?

Yes Facilities for Hazardous material storage,

recyclable waste, Bio Medical waste

5

treatment, Recycle facilities etc will be

developed.

1.15 Facilities for treatment or

disposal of solid waste or liquid

effluents?

Yes Treatment of hazardous, Bio medical along

with leachate will be treated appropriately

and disposed to the greenbelt developed

within the boundary. The details of the

same are given Annexure 6.

1.16 Facilities for long term housing

of operational workers?

No No Housing is proposed.

1.17 New road, rail or sea traffic

during construction or

operation?

No Not Applicable

1.18 New road, rail, air waterborne

or other transport infrastructure

including new or altered routes

and stations, ports, airports

etc?

No None envisaged.

1.19 Closure or diversion of existing

transport routes or

infrastructure leading to

changes in traffic movements?

No None envisaged

1.20 New or diverted transmission

lines or pipelines?

Yes For power transmission existing lines will be

used.

1.21 Impoundment, damming,

culverting, realignment or other

changes to the hydrology of

watercourses or aquifers?

No Not Applicable

1.22 Stream crossings? No There is no stream crossing at the

proposed site.

1.23 Abstraction or transfers of

water from ground or surface

waters?

Yes Water requirement for the project will be

met through Tube wells by J&K SIDCO and

partly met through the bore wells within the

boundary premises.

1.24 Changes in water bodies or the

land surface affecting drainage

or run-off?

No Not envisaged

1.25 Transport of personnel or

materials for construction,

operation or decommissioning?

Yes Transport of personnel/material during the

construction and Operation phase is

envisaged for which local labor will be used.

1.26 Long-term dismantling or

decommissioning which could

have an impact on the

environment?

No None envisaged.

1.27 Ongoing activity during

decommissioning which could

No None envisaged.

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have an impact on the

environment?

1.28 Influx of people to an area in

either temporarily or

permanently?

Yes Influx of people to the area will be seen

during construction and operation phase.

1.29 Introduction of alien species? No None envisaged

1.30 Loss of native species or

genetic diversity?

No None envisaged

1.31 Any other actions? No None envisaged

2. Use of Natural resources for construction or operation of the Project (Such as

land, water, materials or energy, especially any resources which are non-

renewable or in short supply):


confirmation

Yes/

No




2.1 Land especially undeveloped or

agricultural land (ha)

Yes Undeveloped land

2.2 Water (expected source &

competing users) Unit : KLD

Yes Water requirement will met through the

Tube wells. Water requirement details

enclosed as Annexure 7.

2.3 Minerals (MT) No No Minerals are required.

2.4 Construction material – stone,

aggregates, and / soil

(expected source- MT)

Yes Stones, aggregates, soil etc will be taken

from local market.

2.5 Forests and timber (source –

MT)

No No forest cutting is involved in the project.

However the timber is purchased in local

timber depots for administration building

doors and windows.

2.6 Energy including electricity

and fuels (source, competing

users ) Unit : fuel (MT), energy

(MW)

Yes Energy Source: Power Development

Department, J&K.

About 1000KVA during implementation

stage is required for the facility.

2.7 Any other natural resources

(use appropriate standard

units).

No Not Applicable.

3. Use, storage, transport, handling or production of substances or materials which

could be harmful to human heath or the environment or raise concerns about actual

or perceived risks to human health.


confirmation

Yes/

No


quantities /rates, wherever possible) with

sources of information data.

3.1 Use of substance or materials,

which are hazardous (as per

No All the industrial Hazardous water collected

at proposed site will be scientifically treated /

7

MSIHC rules) to human health

or the environment (flora, fauna

and water supplies)

stabilized and detoxificated before storing in

secured landfill. Hence no health impacts

envisaged.

3.2 Changes in occurrence of

disease or affect disease

vectors (e.g. insect or water

borne diseases)

No Suitable drainage and waste management

measures will be adopted in both the

construction and operation al phase which

will restrict stagnation of water or

accumulation of waste. This will effectively

restrict the reproduction and growth of

disease vectors.

3.3 Affect the welfare or people

e.g. by changing living

conditions

Yes The proposed Integrated Hazardous waste

management facility will provide employment

to local people in the proposed area; it will

also improve hygienic conditions in the

landfill site.

3.4 Vulnerable groups of people

who could be affected by the

project e.g. hospital patient‟s,

children, the elderly etc.,

No There are no hospitals or other sensitive

locations located in the immediate vicinity of

the facility.

3.5 Any other causes No None envisaged

4. Production of solid wastes during construction or operation or decommissioning

(MT/ month).

S.No Information /

Checklist confirmation

Yes/

No




4.1 Spoil, overburden or mine

wastes

No Not Applicable

4.2 Municipal waste (domestic and

or commercial wastes)

No Not applicable

4.3 Hazardous wastes (as per

Hazardous Waste Management

Rules)

Yes Hazardous Waste Treatment, Storage,

Disposal and Recycling Facilities will be

developed as per Hazardous and Other

Wastes (Management and Transboundary

Movement) Rules, 2016 and other

applicable rules/guidelines.

4.4 Other industrial process wastes Yes Electronic waste will be processed as per

E-waste (Management) Rules 2016, The

Batteries (Management and Handling)

Rules, 2001 and subsequent amendments.

4.5 Surplus product No Not Applicable as this is development of

Integrated Hazardous waste Management

facility.

4.6 Sewage sludge or other sludge

from effluent treatment

No Not applicable

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4.7 Construction or demolition

wastes.

No Not envisaged

4.8 Redundant machinery or

equipment

No Not Applicable

4.9 Contaminated soils or other

materials

No No soil contamination is anticipated from

the proposed project as the land fill facility

will have liner systems to arrest any

contamination.

4.10 Agricultural wastes No Not Applicable as this is development of an

Integrated Hazardous waste management

facility for Hazardous waste treatment,

storage and disposal.

4.11 Other solid wastes Yes Treatment of Bio Medical Waste shall be as

per Bio-Medical Waste Management Rules,

2016.

5. Release of pollutants or any hazardous, toxic or noxious substances to air

(Kg/hr).

S.No. Information /Checklist

confirmation

Yes/

No

Details thereof (with approximate quantities /rates, wherever possible) with sources of information data

5.1 Emissions from combustion of

fossil fuels from stationary or

mobile sources

Yes PM, SO2 and NOX from DG set will be

dispersed into atmosphere through stack

meeting MoEF standards.

5.2 Emissions from production

processes

Yes Dust particulates will be controlled by Bag

filter.

5.3 Emissions from handling

including storage and transport

Yes Emissions from handling Hazardous waste

storage and transport are controlled by

handling in the closed containers.

5.4 Emissions from construction

activities including plant and

equipment

Yes Fugitive emissions are likely during the

construction & transportation activities due

to use of construction equipment. These

are temporary in nature.

5.5 Dust or odors from handling of

materials including construction

materials, sewage and waste.

Yes Dust is likely to be generated during

construction phase,

Water sprinkling will be done

Tarpaulin cover will be provided over stored

raw material to reduce dust emission.

Green belt development will be taken up

5m wide along boundary and open areas

will be provided

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5.6 Emissions from incineration of

waste

Yes PM, SO2 and NOx will be generated from

the incinerator which is proposed in

Phase-II.

5.7 Emissions from burning of waste

in open air (e.g. slash materials,

construction debris)

No Not envisaged.

5.8 Emissions from any other

sources

No None envisaged

6. Generation of Noise and Vibration, and Emissions of Light and Heat:


confirmation

Yes/

No




6.1 From operation of equipment

e.g. engines, ventilation plant,

crushers

Yes Noise levels are expected at DG set area,

and due to use o pumps and motors,

necessary PPEs (ear muffs, closed

chamber) will be provided for the

personnel‟s working in these area.

Most of the equipment structures are static,

vibration effect of these will be only local,

design of support and foundation will nullify

the intensity of vibrations.

6.2 From industrials or similar

processes

Yes As explained in 6.1.

6.3 From construction or demolition Yes Excavation, drilling and welding during

construction is temporary in nature.

6.4 From blasting or piling No Not Applicable

6.5 From construction or operational

traffic

Yes Noise from traffic movements is expected

from the proposed facility at the

construction and operational stage.

6.6 From lighting or cooling systems No Light emissions are not envisages in the

project.

Heat emission are not envisages in the

project.

6.7 From any other sources No Not applicable

7. Risks of contamination of land or water from releases of pollutants into the

ground or into sewers, surface waters, groundwater, coastal waters or the sea :

S. No Information /Checklist

confirmation

Yes/

No




7.1 From handling, storage, use or

spillage of hazardous materials

No The proposed facility will provide facilities

to treat hazardous waste materials only as

per the hazardous waste management

10

rules.

7.2 From discharge of sewage or

other effluents to water or the

land (expected mode and place

of discharge)

No Contamination of land or water is not

envisaged as the leachate generates is

treated in Leachate Treatment Plant and

partly treated leachate is recycled and

excess treated leachate will send to the

green belt.

7.3 By deposition of pollutants

emitted to air into the land or

into water

No The major emissions from the proposed

facility are PM, SO2 and NOx. Stack height

meeting MOEF guidelines will be provided

for proper dispersion of emissions. Hence

chances of contamination of land and

water by deposition of pollution is not

envisages.

7.4 From any other sources No None envisaged

7.5 Is there a risk of long term build

up of pollutants in the

environment from these

sources?

No The limited release of pollution will be

within the prescribed limits by proper EMP.

8. Risk of accidents during construction or operation of the Project, which could

affect human or the environment.

S. No Information /Checklist

confirmation

Yes/

No




8.1 From explosions, spillages, fires

etc from storage, handling, use

or production of hazardous

substances

Yes Proposed project is an Integrated

Hazardous waste management facility

hence explosions, spillages, fires etc due

to storage, handling, use or production of

hazardous substances is not envisaged

due to the proper treatment methods

adopted at site.

Adequate steps for firefighting will be

taken to control fires in case of

emergency.

During construction all the labours will be

provided with suitable personal protective

equipment (PPE) as required under the

health & safety norms.

Training and awareness about the safety

norms will be provided to all supervisors

and labours involved in construction

11

activity.

An agreement will be signed with the

contractor which will clearly deal with the

safety aspects during construction.

Proper EHS measures will be

implemented.

8.2 From any other causes Yes Accidents during equipment and

machinery operations are expected.

8.3 Could the project be affected by

natural disasters causing

environmental damage (e.g.

floods, earthquakes, landslides,

cloudburst etc)?

No The project area falls under seismic zone

IV as per the Seismic Zoning Map of India

(IS 1893-1984).

9. Factors which should be considered (such as consequential development)

which could lead to environmental effects or the potential for cumulative

impacts with other existing or planned activates in the locality


confirmation

Yes/

No




9.1 Lead to development of

supporting. facilities, ancillary

development or development

stimulated by the project which

could have impact on the

environment e.g.:

Supporting infrastructure

(roads, power supply, waste

or waste-water treatment

etc.)

Housing development

Extractive industries

Supply industries

Other

Yes There will be cumulative positive impact on

the environment in terms of better waste

management. More Employment

opportunities will be created and

aesthetics of the area will be improved.

Due to the proposed facility impact may be

felt on local infrastructure.

Demand for housing will increase.

Ancillary industries, shops, small hotels etc

will come up.

9.2 Lead to after use of the site,

which could have an impact on

the environment

No Proposed project is an Integrated

Hazardous Waste Management Facility.

Once the landfill is fully utilized, post

closure care of landfill shall be conducted

for at least 10-15 years.

Vegetative cover will be provided over

completed cells/site.

12

Monitoring leachate collection system in

accordance with requirement.

Monitoring and ground water in

accordance with requirements.

9.3 Set a precedent for later

developments

Yes The closed land fill site may be used for

playground , garden, golf court etc after

ensuring that gaseous leachate analysis

controlled with the laid down standards are

meet.

9.4 Have cumulative effects due to

proximity to other existing or

planned projects with similar

effects)

No The proposed project will follow the local

laws to keep cumulative effect under

control.

(III) Environment Sensitivity

S.No Areas Name/

Identy

Aerial distances (within 15 km.)

Proposed project location boundary.

1. Areas protected under

international conventions,

national or local legislation for

their ecological, landscape,

cultural or other related values.

Yes India Pakistan Boundary – 9.0km, South

2. Areas which are important or

sensitive for ecological reasons

– Wetlands, water courses or

other water bodies, coastal

zone, biospheres. Mountains,

forests

No Basanter River around 1.5km West

Reserved Forest -1.9 km East

3. Areas used by protected,

important or sensitive species

of flora or fauna for breeding,

nesting, foraging, resting, over

wintering, migration.

No None in the study Area

4. Inland, coastal, marine or

underground waters


5. State, National boundaries Yes International boundary India Pakistan

Boundary –9.0km, South

6. Routes or facilities used by the

public for access to recreation

or other tourist, pilgrim areas.


7. Defense installations No None in the study Area

8. Densely populated or built-up

area

Yes Samba town-2.0km-Northeast.

9. Areas occupied by sensitive No No sensitive areas are available like

14

List of Annexures

Annexure-1 Location map of the site

Annexure-2 Topo map of the study area

Annexure-3 Layout of the proposed facility

Annexure-4 Geotechnical Investigations report

Annexure-5 Manufacturing details of the project

Annexure-6 Wastewater generation details

Annexure-7 Water requirement of the facility

15

Annexure-1

Location map of the site

16

Annexure-2

Topographical map of the proposed site (10km)

17

Annexure-3

Layout of the proposed facility

18

Annexure-4

Geotechnical Investigations report

------Enclosed-----

1

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Table of Contents

Sl. No Contents Page No

1.0 Introduction & Objective 3

1.1 Scope 3

1.2 Topography of the Area 3

1.3 Climate & Rainfall 4

1.4 Geology and Geomorphology 5

1.5 Natural Drainage System 6

2.0 Geophysical Investigations 6

2.1 ERT Methodology 8

2.2 DC Resistivity Meter 9

2.3 Results of Resistivity Data 12

3.0 Surface Soil Infiltration Tests 23

3.1 Plan of Work 23

3.2 Theory 24

3.3 Methodology 24

3.4 Results 25

4.0 Hydrogeology & Depth of Aquifer 29

3

1. Introduction & Objective

Jammu & Kashmir State Industrial Development Corporation Ltd. (J&K SIDCO) has taken up the

task of developing the Industrial Hazardous Waste Management facility for Treatment, Storage

and Disposal Facility at Samba, Phase-II Industrial Estate. J&K SIDCO has appointed M/s. APR

PROJECTS LTD, Hyderabad for the development of project. As a part of the project, M/s. APR

Projects Ltd., selected M/s. Ramky Enviro Engineers Ltd., Hyderabad, as a technical consultant for

Preparation Form-I along with proposed ToR and Feasibility report for obtaining environmental

clearance. Subsequently the technical team of REEL was conducted detailed studies pertaining to

Geological and Hydrogeological studies within the proposed site between 8/5/2012 and

11/5/2012. This report will give all the details along with its results of Subsurface Geological and

Hydrogeological investigations conducted within the proposed site.

1.1 Scope

In the proposed site Electrical Resistivity Tests were conducted at 10 locations to know the

detailed picture of sub-surface lithological layers, their nature, thickness and depth range

including presence/absence of aquifer zones. Surface soil infiltration test was conducted at 3

locations to analyze the rate of infiltration of existing soils. Apart from this, information collected

on groundwater levels of wells present in and around the proposed site. All the collected

information is synthesized to have a meaningful Geological and Hydrogeological report.

1.2 Topography of the Area

Topographically the proposed site is located over an elevated mound. Most part of the site is on

the western flank of the mound exhibiting gentle to steep slope towards foot hill side (Refer Fig.1).

The eastern margin of the site is showing higher elevations comparatively middle and western

parts of the site. The maximum elevation within the site is observed along the eastern margin at

northern part. The elevation difference between lowest and highest is about 20m.

4

1.3 Climate & Rainfall

The proposed site and its surrounding areas experiences hot summers and severe winters.

Temperature is lowest between November & February when the minimum night temperature

touches zero degree in the hill area and 3° – 4° C in the outer plain area. Temperature rises from

March onward. It becomes unbearable during May-June. Maximum day temperature in June

touches sometime 47° C in the outer plain and about 30°- 35°C in the hills. Most of the rainfall is

received through the southwest monsoon which lasts from the last week of June to end of

September. During the remaining period, rainfall is sporadic and scanty. Average annual rainfall is

about 1052 mm.

Fig.1: Part of the Project Site area Representing Sloping Terrain

5

1.4 Geology and Geomorphology

Geologically the proposed site and its surroundings are forming a part of Upper Siwalik formations

of Himalayan terrain belonging to Cenozoic age. The formations existing in the study area are

locally known as the Kandi formations which are running northeast – southwest direction i.e.

parallel to the strike direction of other Siwalik formations; they consist red earthy clays with

massive beds of coarse pebbly sandstones (As shown in Fig.2) overlain by great thick beds of

siliceous boulder conglomerate. The coarseness of the conglomerate varies from that of a true

boulder conglomerate to that of a gravelly conglomerate.

Geomorphologically the study area is covered with flat toped hill with gentle to steep slopes

towards its flanks. The Basantar River is flowing at about few hundred meters west from the site.

It has developed flood plains on either bank. Several highly elevated structural hills present all

around the study area.

Fig.2: Boulders and Pebbles bed exposed

on the base of a drain.

6

1.5 Natural Drainage System

The drainage pattern in the area is mostly controlled by the geological and geomorphological

features. A number of dry, wide and flat boulder bottomed drainage lines, locally known as Khads,

present in the area are exhibiting Dendritic drainage pattern.

2 Geophysical Investigations

In–order to have detailed information about the occurrence of subsurface lithological layers their

nature and thickness; Electrical Resistivity Tests (ERT) were conducted in the proposed project

site. These tests were conducted at 10 possible locations. Figure 3 represents the location of 10

ER Tests conducted within the site. Several surface geophysical methods are deployed to reach

the purpose. All these methods rely upon the principle that each lithological assemblage has

independent physical properties. Identification of a property helps to recognize the formation.

One such property easily detectable is its electrical character, for the passage of known strength of

current. At every testing location the detailed information was collected up to 35m depth from

the surface.

There are two popular surface electrical resistivity methods are in practice namely, Schlumberger

and Werner configurations. The Schlumberger method of Electrical Resitivity Test (ERT) has been

used in the present study.

7

Figure 3:

8

2.1 ERT Methodology

In ERT method, current is sent into the ground through a pair of electrodes called current

electrodes and resulting potential difference across the ground is measured with the help of

another pair of electrodes called potential electrodes. The ratio between the potential difference

(ΔV) and the current (I) gives the resistance (R), which depends on the electrode arrangement

and on the resistivity of the subsurface formations. In Schlumberger configuration, all the four

electrodes are kept in a line. The outer electrode spacing is kept large, compared to the inner

electrode spacing, usually more than 5 times. The disposition of electrodes for Schlumberger

configuration is shown in Figure 4.

The apparent resistivity for this configuration is computed with the formula

a = k R

Where ‘k’ is the constant = [(AB/2)2 – (MN/2)2] MN

‘AB’ is current electrode spacing and

‘MN’ is potential electrode spacing

R = V / I

The apparent resistivity values obtained with increasing values of electrode separations are used

to estimate the thickness and resistivity of the subsurface formations. The plot between apparent

resistivity and the distance between any two successive electrodes separation is used for analysis

of thickness and resistivity of the subsurface formations.

The resistivity data is to be interpreted (analyzed) in terms of physical parameters viz., resistivity

and thickness of the formations and these parameters in-turn, along with hydro geological

information are to be used to infer the nature of subsurface formations. In the present study

Inverse Slope method of interpretation is used to interpret the data.

9

Figure 4: Schlumberger Configuration

2.2 DC Resistivity Meter

For field application of Schlumberger electrical configuration and obtaining the resistivity data, the

DC Resistivity Meter Model DDR-3 of IGIS make is used. It is having features with high quality data

acquisition capability as well as for its field worthiness. The meter consists of two units, a current

unit and a potential unit. While the current unit serves the purpose of sending the required output

of constant current, the potential unit provides an accurate measurement and display of

potential/resistance values directly over a liquid crystal display. The field measurements for DC

resistivity investigations basically involves sending a known strength of current into the ground

through the current electrodes and observing the resulting voltage across the potential

electrodes, to get the resistance values. The instrument has the facility to provide the operator the

direct readout of these resistance values on liquid crystal display. Figure 5 Shows the Resistivity

Meter used in the present study and Figure 6a,b & c represents the infield measurement of ERT

survey.

10

Figure 5: DC Resistivity

Meter Model

Fig.6a: Conducting

Electrical Resistivity

Tests within the site.

11

Fig.6b: Conducting



Fig.6c: Conducting



12

2.3 Results of Resistivity Data

The Resistivity Information collected from the 10 selected ERT points located in the proposed

project site are analyzed/ interpreted using inverse slope software. It is inferred from the analysis

of field resistivity data; there are three different lithological layers present up to 35m bgl viz. a low

compacted Sandy layer with Boulders, a low compacted Boulder Bed. These two formations are

exhibiting high resistivity range with varying thickness. A layer of comparatively low resistivity is

present which has anticipated as zone of clay with boulders.

Based on the results of the ER tests it is understood that most of the hill slope areas are having

only two layers viz. a zone of Sand with Boulders on the top with a maximum thickness of 5m

followed by Boulder Bed with more than 30m thick. These sequences are observed at ERT

locations 4,6,7,9 and 10. At the rest of the locations a zone of Clay with Boulders is present along

with other two layers. The vertical dispositions of these formations are represented in ERT logs

individually in the subsequent pages from Annexure 1 to 5. Based on the ERT logs 4 subsurface

lithological cross-sections were projected. They are presented in Figure 8 to 11. The location map

of cross-section lines is given in Figure 7.

Fig.6d: Site Inspection

along with SIDCO Officer

during Field Survey

13

Annexure: 1

14

Annexure: 2

15

Annexure: 3

16

Annexure: 4

17

Annexure: 5

18

Figure: 7

19

Figure: 8

20

Figure: 9

21

Figure: 10

22

Figure: 11

23

3 Surface Soil Infiltration Tests

Infiltration is one of the characteristic properties of soil. Water entering into the soil at the surface

is called infiltration. Infiltration rate is dependent upon the nature and proportion of clay and

sand, the type of vegetation, the granularity, angularity and texture of sand. Infiltration rates are

high in sandy soils and low in clayey soils.

3.1 Plan of Work

Surface soil infiltration tests were conducted at 3 representative locations within the proposed

site using Double Ring Infiltrometer (Figure 12). The test -1 is placed near ERT 1, test-2 is near ERT

5 and test-3 is at ERT 10. Figure 3 represents the location map of infiltration tests within the

proposed site.

Fig.12 Surface Soil Infilteration Test

using Double Ring Infiltrometer

24

3.2 Theory

Water entering the soil at the surface is called Infiltration. The Infiltration rate ‘f” at any time‘t’ is

given by Horton’s equation.

f = fc + (fo – fc) e-kt where

fo = Initial rate of infiltration capacity at time to

fc = Final constant rate of infiltration at saturation

k = A constant depending primarily upon the soil and vegetation

it is equal to

fo – fc

F

e = base of natural Logarithm = 2.71828 Fc = Shaded area in Fig.13.

For any two points x, y on the curve against time t1, t2 and infiltration rates f1, f2 log(f1-f2) - log(f2-fc)

k = log(t2 – t1)

3.3 Methodology

Infiltration tests were conducted by adopting Double Ring Infiltrometer method. In this method

two PVC rings of 15 cm and 7.5 cm diameter are driven into ground so that they penetrate into soil

uniformly without any tilt or undue disturbance of soil surface up to a depth of about 5 cm, after

driving is completed, soil disturbed adjacent to the sides is tampered gently. Clean water is

poured into rings to maintain depth of about 25 cm water column in both the inner and outer

rings. Fall in water column inside the ring is recorded periodically at close intervals of 2/3 minutes

Time ‘t’ in minutes

Infi

ltra

tio

n r

ate

cm

/hr

fc

f0

f1

f2

t1 t2 15 20 5 10 25 30 0

1

2

3

4

5

Fig.13: Soil Infiltration

Curve

25

in the beginning and increased interval of 5 minutes subsequently. Water is added immediately

after each measurement into both the rings to maintain original constant depth of 25 cm. Fall of

water level between two successive readings and total fall of water level from the beginning of the

test at each time is estimated (Refer Figure 14).

The infiltration rate in the beginning of the test is high. After the soil attains saturation the rate

decreases and stabilizes at a fixed rate. The infiltration rates in cm/hr to all elapsed time readings

are calculated. The

infiltration rates (cm/hr)

against the elapsed time

(minutes) are drawn on

coordinate graph. A fitted

straight line is the final

infiltration curve. The rate

per day is estimated using

this graph.

3.4 Results

To have an idea about the soil infiltration capacity, surface soil infiltration tests were conducted at

three representative locations within the site using double ring infiltrometer. Each test was

conducted for about 90 minutes using constant head measurement. The observed infiltration

values are high at beginning stage and are comparitively low at the ending. The field data was

analyzed and the results are indicating that the infiltration capacity is 0.264 Cm/hr to 2.181 Cm/hr.

The recorded observations and data plots are given from Annexure 6 to 8.

Fig.14 Conducting Infiltration Tests within the Proposed Site

26

Annexure – 6

SOIL INFILTRATION TEST-1

Date of test: 10/5/2012 Location: Near ERT No:01

Duration of time in minutes for each Filling

Time elapsed since test started (T)

minutes

Fall in water Column(h) in cm for time (t) in minutes

Cumulative fall In water column (H)

in cm for time (T) in minutes

Infiltration rate in Cm/hr [H/T*60

minutes]

2 2 0.4 0.4 12.0

2 4 0.3 0.7 10.5

2 6 0.2 0.9 9.0

2 8 0.2 1.1 8.3

2 10 0.2 1.3 7.8

5 15 0.6 1.9 7.6

5 20 0.5 2.4 7.2

5 25 0.5 2.9 7.0

5 30 0.5 3.4 6.8

10 40 1 4.4 6.6

10 50 0.8 5.2 6.2

10 60 0.8 6 6.0

10 70 0.8 6.8 5.8

10 80 0.7 7.5 5.6

10 90 0.7 8.2 5.5

5.0

6.0

7.0

8.0

9.0

10.0

11.0

12.0

13.0

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90

Infi

ltra

tio

n R

ate

(C

m/h

r)

Time Elapsed (Minutes)

Soil Infiltration Test - 01, TSDF Site, SAMBA, J&k

27

Annexure – 7




Time elapsed since test started

(T) minutes


Cumulative fall In water column (H) in cm for time (T)

in minutes

Infiltration rate in Cm/hr [H/T*60 minutes]

2 2 2.3 2.3 69.0

2 4 2.1 4.4 66.0

2 6 2.1 6.5 65.0

2 8 2 8.5 63.8

2 10 2 10.5 63.0

5 15 2.2 12.7 50.8

5 20 2.2 14.9 44.7

5 25 2.1 17 40.8

5 30 2 19 38.0

10 40 2.5 21.5 32.3

10 50 2.5 24 28.8

10 60 2.3 26.3 26.3

10 70 2.3 28.6 24.5

10 80 2.3 30.9 23.2

10 90 2.2 33.1 22.1

20.0

25.0

30.0

35.0

40.0

45.0

50.0

55.0

60.0

65.0

70.0

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90

Infi

ltra

tio

n R

ate

(C

m/h

r)



28

Annexure – 8




Time elapsed since test started (T)

minutes


Cumulative fall In water column (H) in cm for time (T)

in minutes

Infiltration rate in Cm/hr [H/T*60

minutes]

2 2 2.5 2.5 75.0

2 4 2.5 5 75.0

2 6 2.4 7.4 74.0

2 8 2.4 9.8 73.5

2 10 2.4 12.2 73.2

5 15 2.8 15 60.0

5 20 2.8 17.8 53.4

5 25 2.6 20.4 49.0

5 30 2.5 22.9 45.8

10 40 2.6 25.5 38.3

10 50 2.6 28.1 33.7

10 60 2.6 30.7 30.7

10 70 2.5 33.2 28.5

10 80 2.5 35.7 26.8

10 90 2.5 38.2 25.5

20.0

25.0

30.0

35.0

40.0

45.0

50.0

55.0

60.0

65.0

70.0

75.0

80.0

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90

Infi

ltra

tio

n R

ate

(C

m/h

r)



29

RESULTS OF INFILTRATION TESTS

4. Hydrogeology & Depth of Aquifer

The occurrence and movement of groundwater is mainly controlled by many factors such as rock

types, landforms, geological structures, soil, land use, rainfall etc.

In-order to evaluate the hydro geological conditions in and around the proposed project site, a

systematic well inventory was conducted within a 5km radius. During well inventory information

pertaining to total depth of wells, groundwater levels, quality of water, pre and post monsoon

water level fluctuations, condition of wells during summer months, geological formations

encountered during construction of wells and all other inter related information was collected.

This information was synthesized and presented in the table given below. Based on the observed

groundwater levels, water level contour maps were prepared and are presented in Figure 15 & 16.

It is observed from the field data that the aquifers are present at deeper depths. In general they

are present below 50m depth at almost all locations. The ground water is occurring within the

boulder beds under confined to semi-confined conditions. The observed ground water levels are

between 27 to 37m bgl. The quality of water is in potable condition. Based on the information

Test

No.

Location Surface soil

Characteristics

Infiltration Rate

m/day

Remarks

1 Near ERT-01 Sand with Boulders (Hill Top) 0.264 Rate of Infiltration is Moderate

2 Near ERT-05 Sand with Boulders (Hill Slope) 1.653 Rate of Infiltration is High

3 Near ERT-10 Sand with Boulders (Hill Slope) 2.181 Rate of Infiltration is High

Average Rate of Soil Infiltration 1.366 Rate of Infiltration is High

30

collected from the local villagers it is anticipated that the water level fluctuation between post

monsoon to pre monsoon is in between 3m to 6m. The water level contour map generated based

on the field data is indicating that the ground water flow direction is towards northwest and

southeast from the central part of the study area.

Wells Inventoried within 5Km Radius of the Proposed TSDF Site, Samba, J&K

Sl.No. Code Village Name Type of Well

Total Depth (mbgl)

Depth to Water Level (mbgl)

Water Level Fluctuation (m)

Water Quality

1 GW-1 Plant Site BW 91 34 3 Potable

2 GW-2 Samba BW 98 37 4 Potable

3 GW-3 Sapwal BW 91 30 4 Potable

4 GW-4 Chak Nanak BW 98 34 4 Potable

5 GW-5 Raipur BW 98 27 5 Potable

6 GW-6 Sangawari BW 110 37 6 Potable

7 GW-7 Mandharai BW 91 27 5 Potable

8 GW-8 Katli BW 101 30 4 Potable

9 GW-9 Ralyer BW 107 27 3 Potable

10 GW-10 Bulo BW 107 29 3 Potable

19

Annexure-5

Process Description

Hazardous Waste Management Facility

Collection, transportation, reception, treatment, storage, re-use, recycle, blending and

disposal of industrial hazardous wastes, bio-medical waste and E-Waste generated in the

state of Jammu & Kashmir.

The proposed project is very unique to itself. The Facility shall be the first of its kind

integrated waste management facility in the country. In fact it will be a giant step in the drive

towards environment protection by the state of Jammu & Kashmir.

The quantities of hazardous wastes generated in the project area are estimated to be about

30,000 TPA (expected to be received at the facility) and are expected to comprise of the

following groups:

ETP sludges

Iron Sludges

Still Bottom residues and process sludges

Spent Carbon

Evaporation salts/ other process salts

Incineration ash

Slags

Asbestos and glass fibers

Spent catalysts and resins

Other hazardous wastes

Based on the quantities available the following general information could be inferred:

ETP sludges can go directly to landfill either directly or after stabilization.

Still bottom residues, process residues and other organic wastes can be sent for

incineration including spent carbon depending on the characteristics of the impurities.

Incineration ash, slags, asbestos and glass fibers are essentially inorganic in nature and

can go to landfill directly or with simple stabilization techniques.

Spent catalysts and resins would have to be characterized on a case-by-case basis to

assess their nature and characteristics. However, the percentage of wastes generated

through these sources is likely to be very small as most of it is taken back by the

manufacturers.

Salts will have to be bagged and land filled.

20

Based on the above compiled information wastes have been classified by their pathway of

disposal:

Wastes going to direct landfill

Wastes that require stabilization prior to landfill

Wastes requiring storage until alternate economically viable techniques are made

available.

Wastes requiring incineration

The following general guidelines shall relate to daily activities associated with the operations

of TSDF:

The facility shall operate only during day light hours throughout the year.

The landfill will be staged in cells so that the minimum practical area of waste is exposed

and maximum practical area of waste has the final cap in place i.e., progressive filling

and capping of the landfill ensuring minimization of infiltration of wastes.

The Weight Bridge at the main entrance will record all movements and weights and

receive waste tracking receipt as required by the waste manifest system.

The standpipe forming part of the leachate collection system shall be checked regularly

for the presence of leachate. Once leachate is detected it shall be regularly pumped out

and transferred to the leachate treatment facility on-site. The level of leachate in the

standpipe shall not be allowed to rise above the level of the leachate collection system.

Materials Safety Data Sheets (MSDS) for every chemical used or handled at the landfill

shall be provided on the premises.

Monitoring and auditing of the facility shall be performed on a periodic basic.

Met-station shall be installed with continuous recording system.

A security system shall be maintained to avoid trespassing and hazard to the public.

Once a waste is received at the TSDF, a sample of waste shall be collected, at the

sampling bay/temporary storage facility and shall undergo laboratory analysis based on

which its pathway of treatment/ disposal shall be determined.

A waste manifest system shall be developed in accordance with the requirement of the

regulatory agencies to cover the transportation of the waste to TSDF and to provide for

record of waste manifestation. The manifest system shall include details of the waste

generator, waste transporter, quantity of waste, characteristics of waste, physical

description, consistency of waste in terms of physical state and waste category number

as per HW (M&H) Rules, 2003.

Each load of waste arriving at the facility shall be located properly and logged to identify

its pathway of treatment/ storage/ disposal.

An inventory shall be maintained at the arrival and departure dates of waste loads in and

out of the intractable waste storage area.

21

Waste Disposal Operations:

Physico Chemical Treatment

The basic unit mentioned above covered under the concept of waste stabilization in addition

to this facility recovery / recycling plants shall be provided based on the waste characteristics

and demands.

Waste stabilisation is designed to convert industrial wastes in the form of liquids, semi-solids

or reactive solids into low leachable materials that can be deposited into a secure landfill.

The stabilisation operation will be carried out for all waste that require this to minimize their

contaminant leaching potential. This will change the nature of these wastes to a less

hazardous category. Stabilisation involves the immobilisation of leachable materials by

fixation as non-reactive solids. The treated wastes shall be assessed for compatibility with

other wastes before being landfill and for compatibility with the HDPE and the pipe network.

The term stabilisation covers a number of mechanisms including:

Immobilisation/ Chemical Fixation – the chemical binding of contaminants within a

cementing structure to reduce the mobility or leachability of the waste.

Encapsulation – the occlusion or entrapment of contaminant particles within a solid

matrix.

Solidification – the conversion of slurries that do not readily de-water, into solids by

addition of adsorption agents.

Typical reagents that would be used for the stabilization process include: cement, lime, fly

ash, bentonite clay, saw dust and other. Where required sodium silicate solution would be

used as an additive binding agent. The reagent to be used for stabilization shall be decided

depending upon the type of the waste to be stabilized, price and availability. These regents

shall generally be stored in sufficient quantities.

Infrastructure proposed for the stabilization unit would include:

Storage facilities for regents

Tanks/Drums for storage of reagents as required

Stabilization bins for mixing the wastes

Earth moving equipment for movement of wastes and mixing.

Place for curing the treated waste

Trucks for hauling the wastes.

Treatment facility utilizes a range of techniques and processes designed to change the

physical, chemical or biological characteristics of the waste. This may include changing the

composition so as to neutralise the waste, to recover energy or natural resources from the

22

waste, to render the waste non-hazardous or less hazardous, safer to transport, store, or

dispose off or to reduce its volume.

Typical operations at Stabilization unit are as follows:

Waste receivable

Reagent addition

Mixing

Curing

Analysis of the stabilized wastes

Approval by the laboratory for disposal

Transfer of the waste materials to the truck

Disposal in the secured landfill

Landfill Operations

The landfill will be designed and constructed as a secure facility to contain the waste

material and any leachate, which is formed by the entrapped moisture or by infiltration of

rainfall. To meet these requirements the base of the landfill has been designed as an

engineered liner constructed prior to the placement of waste and also an engineered

capping over the surface after completion of filling to minimise the infiltration of rainfall.

The base liner of the landfill containment system is proposed to be a double composite liner

with synthetic geo-membrane plus clay. Adequate leachate collection system has been

incorporated at the base to collect and remove the leachate. These shall incorporate HDPE

pipes embedded in drainage layers of sand/ gravel and /or geonet/ geotextile. The

composite liner (Secondary liner) shall comprise of a 0.45-m thick clay compacted to a

permeability less than 10 –9 m/s and above this shall be a HDPE liner with permeability less

than 10 –14 m/s above which a complete drainage system shall be placed. Above the

secondary base liner shall be placed a primary liner comprising of primarily clay layer and

HDPE membrane which will prevent infiltration into the secondary layer. A leachate

collection and removal system shall also be placed over the primary liner to collect and

remove any leachate generated by infiltration of precipitation or by the moisture entrapped in

the waste. This makes the secondary system to serve as a leak detection system and an

early warning of potential future liabilities to necessitate action for remediation. Above the

drainage system of the primary liner shall be placed a geo-textile filter to act as a filter/

barrier between the waste and the drainage system. This entire system would make the

base liner a double composite liner meeting the national laws.

23

HA

ZA

RO

DU

S W

AS

TE

L

AN

DF

IL

L C

RO

SS

SE

CT

ION

(D

OU

BL

E C

OM

PO

SIT

E L

IN

ER

SY

ST

EM

& C

OV

ER

S

YT

EM

)

285 gsm GEOTEXTILE

DRAWING NOT TO SCALE

60 cm

45 cm

= 1.5mm HDPE Geo MembraneCLAY.

7-8mm Drainage Composite

Vegetation

Sub Soil

HAZARDOUS WASTE]

SOIL COVER

GAS COLLECTION MEDIA

Top Soil

Vegetative Soil

GEO NET

Gas Vent

15 cm

45 cm

= 2mm HDPE Geo Membrane

Compacted Clay / Compacted Amended Soil

400 G.S.M Geo Textile

30 cm

285 gsm GEOTEXTILE 200mm Thick Filter

Media (20mm

Gravels)

100mm Thick SandLeachate Collection Pipe

45 cm

= 2mm HDPE Geo Membrane

Compacted Clay / Compacted Amended Soil

400 G.S.M Geo Textile

30 cm

400 gsm GEOTEXTILE 200mm Thick Filter

Media (20mm

Gravels)

100mm Thick SandLeachate Collection Pipe

Leachate Collection/ Treatment and Disposal

Leachate collection and removal shall be provided above the geo-membrane in two layers viz.,

the primary and the secondary liners. The primary liner shall serve as leachate collection and

removal system, while the secondary liner shall serve as leak detection system and a signal of

potential liabilities in terms of environmental pollution

Bio-Medical Waste

Growth in population, industrialization and changing life styles and food habits have brought

with it various health related issues. More and more people are suffering from ailments.

Alongside this is the growing awareness towards utilizing proper medical facilities.

To enable effective management and handling of the bio-medical wastes, the Ministry of

Environment and Forests (MoEF) has issued regulations for the management and handling

of these wastes. The rules are formulated and known as the Bio-Medical Wastes

(Management and Handling) Rules 1998, under the aegis of Environment (Protection) Act,

1986.

In response to these rules, Government and major Private Hospitals initiated their

arrangements for treatment and disposal of bio-medical wastes. However, the smaller

nursing homes, clinics and other similar institutions which do not have or can afford such

24

facilities need alternate modalities and arrangements to dispose their wastes, in accordance

with the Rules.

Waste Classification and Characterization

Wastes generated by the hospitals can primarily be classified into 3 groups:

Conventional Wastes/ Municipal Solid Wastes: General refuse similar to the domestic/

municipal solid wastes and includes artificial linens, paper, food, cans, diapers, and

plastic cups. This waste is non-infectious if it is not brought in contact with the infectious

wastes and properly managed.

Hazardous Wastes: Laboratory and Pharmaceutical Chemicals and containers including

off-specification and other chemicals, alcohols, disinfectants, anti-neoplastic agents,

heavy metals (e.g. Mercury), etc. These wastes are hazardous in nature and if properly

segregated and managed can be transported to hazardous waste management facility

for treatment/ storage/ disposal.

Infectious Wastes: Commonly referred to as Clinical and pathological Wastes and

include: isolation wastes (refuse associated with infectious patients), cultures and stocks

of infectious agents and associated biological, human blood and blood products,

pathological wastes, contaminated sharps, amputated body parts, placenta and others.

Typical wastes falling under each of the above groups of infectious wastes is presented

in the following Table

Categorization of Infectious Wastes

Waste Group Typical Wastes

Isolation Wastes Wastes from patients with diseases considered communicable and requiring isolation

Cultures and Stocks of Infectious agents and associated biologicals

Specimens from medical and pathological laboratories

Cultures and stocks of infectious agents from clinical, research and industrial laboratories, disposable culture dishes, and devices used to transfer, inoculate and mix cultures

Wastes from the production of biologicals

Discarded live and attenuated vaccines

Human blood and Blood Products Waste blood, serum, plasma and blood products

Pathological Wastes Tissue organs, body parts, placenta, blood and body fluids removed during surgery, autopsy and biopsy.

Contaminated Sharps Contaminated hypodermic needles, syringes, scalpel blades, Pasteur pippettes and broken glass.

25

Collection and Transportation

Developer shall collect the waste from each health care establishment on a regular basis.

Wastes shall be segregated as per the colour coding, properly packed and placed at a

secure designated point by the health care establishment from where developer shall collect

the waste. Upon collection wastes shall be placed into closed containers enclosed in a

containerized vehicle. Transportation of the wastes shall also be the responsibility of

developer.

The proposed vehicles shall be dedicated for the purpose and shall adopt the conditions

specified in the BMW (Management & Handling) Rules-1998.

Disinfection and Destruction

Upon receipt at the facility, wastes containers shall be unloaded. Wastes based on their

colour codes shall be separated and properly treated and disposed off. Categories 1, 2, 3

and 6 (as per MoEF rules) shall be directly loaded into the incinerator while categories 4 and

7 shall be loaded into the autoclave for dis-infection. Residue from these units shall be

disposed into a landfill. Detailed process description of the treatment technologies is

presented in the subsequent sections.

Disposal

Ash, residue from high temperature incineration and other material residues from the

process shall be collected into containers and shall be disposed into a secure landfill.

Treatment Technologies

Incineration

Incineration incorporates the right technology featuring for a complete destruction of the

waste into completely safe end products. A process combination of pyrolysis and controlled

air combustion, where heat and air for combustion is regulated in such a way as to first

volatalise/ gasify the waste in conditions of inadequate air, i.e., below stochiometric air

conditions and heat, and then totally destroy it in adequate heat and excess air, thereby

making the end products environmentally safe. The process is not only safe but is also

today’s answer to the rampant problem of hospital waste management and pollution.

The primary purpose of incineration is to burn the waste to ashes through a combustion

process. Developer intends to set up incinerators of optimum capacity at each of the

locations. The unit shall be a dual chambered incinerator.

26

The primary chamber’s main purpose would be combustion of the waste materials into safe

end products (ash). The temperature of the primary chamber would be 850o C and above

wherein wastes are completely destroyed. The primary chamber would have an attached

burner with auxiliary fuel supply to augment the fuel requirements and ensure maintenance

of temperatures. The purpose of the secondary chamber would be to burn the off-gases and

ensure safe end products (gaseous). The secondary chamber would operate at a

temperature of 1050o C and above. The gases would be completely burnt and safe gases

then shall be let out of the incinerator unit.

Both the primary and secondary burners proposed are imported Italian burners. The

incinerator is completely automated with control panel and continuous recording of

temperatures. The entire system is very simple and is easy to operate. The system is

environmentally safe without any hazard.

E - Waste Recycling

1. Upon client request, developer shall arrange a suitable and secured transport to

collect the material from Clients premises.

2. Collected material shall be weighed, if desired by clients at their premises using their

own weighing machine and witnessed by both Developer & Client personnel.

3. Manifest to be issued by generator to transport with 6 coloured copies as per HW

Rules, 2008.

4. Delivery Order will be issued by Client prior to collection from their premises.

Collected material is to be provided in good packaging condition and thereafter will

be transported to the facility.

5. After inspection by Developer security guard, material shall be weighed at Developer

weighbridge to determine the gross weight of the material and will then be sent to its

warehouse for acceptance.

6. Goods Receive Note (GRN) for the gross weight will be issued upon receiving the

material at the warehouse.

7. Material will then be sent for dismantling section under IDO (Internal Delivery Order)

for dismantling.

8. Destruction process can be witnessed by Client, if required.

9. Upon data destruction completed, official destruction certificate will be issued to

Client for records.

10. Dismantled material will then be sent to suitable recycling process.

27

Process Flow Sheet:

Process description

The process involved in proposed facility is basically physical destruction and recovery of

PGM’s. The steps of proposed process is described in following paragraphs

The e-waste received from generator shall be stored at earmarked covered shed

having concrete floor and leak proof roof. Wooden or plastic pallets shall be provided

to store the waste.

Metal Non- Metal

To auth.

auth.

Recyclers To auth. Recyclers

CRT Cutting Machine

Glass

Other E-waste (PCB’s)

Shredding

Crushing

Separation

Generator

Collection

Transportation

Storage

Dismantling

To auth. Recyclers

28

Waste which may contain mainly electronic and electrical material and monitors of

computer or TV’s, shall be shifted to manual dismantling section in hand trolleys

A set of 8 to 10 no. of work stations are proposed with a suction hood for any dust

particle coming out of the dismantling process. A team of experts in dismantling shall

be deputed for dismantling purpose with all the required tools and tackles. The tools

and tackles shall be identified with best available brand to ensure optimization in

working and to avoid small accidents in the process. The employees at this section

shall be provided with all the required PPE’s i.e. apron, safety shoes, gloves, dust

mask etc. Fire extinguishers shall be provided in the working area.

The team deputed shall dismantle all the waste articles Eg computer CPU box, hard

drive, CD ROM, cables, PCB’s etc. and monitor into back cover and picture tube. The

hard drive, PCB’s shall be further dismantled into components attached and naked

PCB’s

The dismantled PCB’s shall be sent for shredding followed by crushing and

pulverizing. The product shall be powder of PCB from which metal and non metal

part which shall be segregated by physical process. Both the products shall be stored

in bags for disposal for recovery (metal part) and for making of toys and monuments

(non metal part). In case the non- metal part fails to be recycled, the same shall be

disposed into incinerator as this consists of residue with high C.V.

The dismantled picture tube shall sent to CRT cutting m/c, which is a closed chamber

attached with a hood connected to cyclone and baghouse. The CRT shall be put into

the control panel connected automatic CRT cutting frame. The CRT shall be cut into

two pieces i.e. front glass and funnel glass.

The glass which is free from all coating etc shall be crushed further and stored in

bags to be dispatched for recycling

The components removed from PCBs shall be segregated and stored in bags for

further disposal and/or reuse.

The ferrous material i.e. cabinet, body of monitor etc shall be baled and disposed for

recycling

Plastic from cabinet, monitor shall be shredded in the shredder and sold out for

recycling to authorized recyclers

The chemical process for recovery of PGM shall be established during phase – II

The waste generated from above process shall be stored at earmarked area with all

the provision by not allow in this waste to be exposed to the environment.

29

Alternate Fuel & Raw Material Facility

Alternative fuel platforms will be developed with in a area of 25 x 50 m as below:

“S” Type

Alternative Fuel Preparation Facility

“L”Type

Alternative fuel preparation Facility

‘L’ Type Alternative Fuels Area:

‘L’ Type Alternative Fuels are basically Liquid Type Incinerable Waste which are more than

2500 Kcal.

- Common Neutralization Tank to maintain pH level 7

- 25 KL Mixing Tank with Cooling Coil and External Jacket to control the heat for

Exothermic Liquid Waste

- 25 KL Mixing Tank for the Non-Exothermic Liquid Waste

- Agitator set up made by Stainless Steel

- Pump

‘S’ Type Alternative Fuels Area:

‘S’ Type Alternative Fuels are basically Solid Type Incinerable Waste which are more than 2500 Kcal

1. Common Neutralization Tank to maintain pH level 7 2. Mixing pit of 5 x 5 m

3. Jaw mixer for premixing of the solid and semisolid Waste.

4. Blender

Solid blend is prepared through mixing in an appropriate quantity of solid/ semi solid

waste with binders. The first step of preparing solid blend is to selection of waste.

The segregation of waste according to their pH & calorific value helps in it. Source

materials for solid substitute fuel include Paint Sludge, Oily Filter Cake, Spent Carbon,

Organic waste, Tarry waste, Biomass, Resin, Distillation Residues, Grease, ETP

sludge, and alumina sludge etc.

Assortment of waste is done according blending norms.

A general waste selection criteria for high calorific value fuel is Low moisture content,

High LOI & TOC, High calorific value, Good compressibility, Less ash content, Non

toxic, Less pollutant, Sustainable combustion.

30

Solvent Recovery Unit

Spent solvents are recovered using a distillation methodology. Following are few solvents

proposed to be separated /distilled initially:

1. Isopropyl alcohol

2. Butanol

3. Dimethyl formamide

4. Toluene and

5. Ortho dichloro benzene

Storage of spent solvents

The waste solvent shall be received in durms (MS/Plastic) and shall be stored in

shed which will be provided with garland drain, fire hydrant system, lined floor etc.

The drums shall be stacked as per the best practices. The leakages shall be avoided

at any point of time.

A separate storage shed sized 35 X 40 m is proposed adjacent to facility to store the

solvent drums.

The stacking of drums shall be in the manner that mixing of solvent drums shall be

avoided at maximum extent.

Distillation process is suitable for the recovery of many spent solvents. Distillation can be a

batch or continuous operation. It is proposed to adopt batch process in the proposed facility.

The process involves pre-treatment of neutralization and separation of spent solvent feed

mixture in a Reactor. After layer separation, the spent solvent mixture will be sent to distillation

still connected to distillation column.

The solvent mixture is heated by steam and the distillation column will be under total reflux for a

specific period. Fractionation of solvent takes place solvent / water as the case may be are

separated initially under atmospheric pressure and later under vacuum (if required). Distilled

solvents are analyzed, stored and recycled, liquid effluent mostly condensate will be recycled

back into system and solid residue sent for incineration / landfill. Steam for heating will be donor

from the boiler. The process diagram of the solvent recovery is depicted below:

31

Incinerator

Cooling Tower

Chiller

Main Product

receiver

Solvent received in

Drums

Pre - Treatment

( Adjusting pH,

removal of SS etc.)

Pump

Feed Tank

Pump

Agitated Vessel

Sludge

Column

Condenser

Cooler

Trail product receiver

Collection Tank Collection Tank

Pump

Feed Tank/

Incinerator

Pump

Drums

Process diagram of the solvent recovery

32

Waste Oil / Used Oil Recycling Unit

Used oil is termed as hazardous. Lube oil does not wear out with use it only gets

contaminated with water, carbon and fuel etc. that means used oil when it is ready for

rejection can be re-used.

The methods of disposal being followed are Dumping, Burning or Reprocessing. The Used / Waste Oil generated are not easily biologically degradable. Therefore, dumping of Used / Waste oil is harmful to environment.

Burning of Used / Waste Oil is not desirable for the following reasons:

Waste Fuel Oil contains substantial quantity of water that will prevent proper burning of fuel and lead to generation of carbon monoxide. In the case of Used Oil (used lubricants, Transformer oils etc), they may contain chemicals, metallic compounds, Polychlorinated Biphenyl (PCBs) etc which when burned will release gas to the atmosphere. Therefore, burning of used / Waste Oil should not be encouraged.

The other option is Repressing. Improper reprocessing methods can lead to generation of waste which is even more hazardous than Used / Waste Oil. Therefore, reprocessing should be allowed only with approved methods. Reprocessing of Used / Waste will not only be a solution for disposal of waste but it will have tremendous economic advantage.

The process diagram of the waste/ used oil recycling plant will be as below:

Was te Oil R ec eiv ing Tanks

Was te Oil R ec eiv ing Tanks

MIC R O F IL TR ATION

MIC R O F IL TR ATION

C E NTR IF UG EC E NTR IF UG E DE HY DR ATION

DE HY DR ATION

Dis tillation 1 (v ac uum Dis tillation )

Dis tillation 1 (v ac uum Dis tillation )

Water Water

Dis tillation 2 (Vac uum Dis tillation)

Dis tillation 2 (Vac uum Dis tillation)

Distillate to

fuel

B leac hingB leac hingB as e Oil for dis patc h

B as e Oil for dis patc h

Spent Fuller Earth

for disposal

Base OilBase Oil

Process Sludge

for disposal

33

Lead Recycling Unit

Lead is a soft heavy toxic and highly malleable metal. It is bluish white when freshly cut but

tarnishes to dull gray when exposed. It is usually found in ore with zinc, silver and more

commonly with copper.

The schematic diagram of the lead and lead alloys is given in Figure Extraction of Lead from

used Lead Acid Battery Plates, Lead Scrap, lead dross and other lead bearing wastes by

using Rotary Furnace and Reverberatory Furnace.

Conventional method of lead extraction from used lead acid battery plates, lead scrap, lead

dross and other concentrate generates huge amount of sludge which becomes very difficult

for disposal in the landfill. However, the combination of rotary furnace and Reverberatory

furnace with high calorific furnace oil as fuel reduces the quantum of slag generation and

improves the recovery of lead metal considerably. Furnace oil will be used as fuel to melt the

battery and other scrap.

Schematic Diagram of Lead and Lead alloys manufacturing

34

Annexure-6

Wastewater generation details in m3/day

Sl. No Utility Discharge

cum/day

1 Domestic 4.0

2 Floor Washings 2.0

3 Work Shop/ Vehicle maintenance shed 4.0

4 Hazardous waste treatment -

5 Bio medical waste 2.0

6 Recycling -

7 Green belt -

Total 12.0

35

Annexure-7

Water Requirement details in m3/day

Sl. No Utility Total requirement

cum/day

1 Domestic 5.0

2 Floor Washings 3.0

3 Work Shop/ Vehicle maintenance shed 5.0

4 Hazardous waste treatment 5.0

5 Bio medical waste 3.0

6 Recycling -

7 Green belt 4.0

Total 25.0

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