FORESTRY. What is forestry? Although there are important woodland areas in middle latitudes, such as...
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Transcript of FORESTRY. What is forestry? Although there are important woodland areas in middle latitudes, such as...
FORESTRFORESTRYY
What is forestry?
• Although there are important woodland areas in middle latitudes, such as the Black Forest of Germany, the main forest belts are those of the humid tropics in the equatorial and monsoon regions; and those in the cold temperate high latitudes.
• The extensive need for paper and other timber products in industrial countries, forested areas are principally seen as sources for such products; this has led to many environmental problems.
• Rainforest –eg. Amazon, Australia
• Coniferous forest – eg. North Canada, Eurasia
• Temperate forest – eg. USA
Different types of forests
Concequenses of deforestation?
• Habitat
•Roads
•Water quality
•Aboriginal rights
Production of Forest Products
in Developing Countries (1995)
Forest product Quantity World production
sawnwood (millions m3)
111 26 %
wood-based panels (millions m3)
45 31 %
pulp for paper (millions tonnes)
41 22 %
paper & paperboard(millions tonnes)
61 22 %
fuelwood & charcoal(millions m3)
1638 89 %
Use of wood
The global distribution of forest plantations by region
Global forest plantation resources by type and area
Consumption
Per Capita Consumption of Forest Products
Region
Softwood
Lumberm3/100
0 people
Panelboards
m3/1000 people
Paper & Paperboa
rdtonnes/1000 people
Population
(millions)
Canada 558 134 202 29.5
U.S. 420 135 325 263.2
W. Europe 168 88 170 391.4
Germany 196 142 200 81.6
Japan 255 104 232 125.1
Top 10 Deforesting Countries
in Terms of Total Forest Loss
countryranking
annual loss
. country rankingannual
loss
Brazil 1 -
2,550,000 . Venezuela 6 -500,000
Indonesia 2 -1,080,000 . Malaysia 7 -400,000
P.R. Congo
3 -740,000 . Myanmar 8 -390,000
Bolivia 4 -580,000 . Sudan 9 -350,000
Mexico 5 -510,000 . Thailand 10 -330,000
Change in consumption over time
Industrial roundwood consumption 1980-2000
Paper and paperboardconsumption 1980-2000
Real World Prices of Solid Wood Products
Real World Prices of Wood-Based Panels
Real World Prices of Paper and Paperboard
Special Interest Groups - DifferentPerspectives on Tropical Forests
Special interest group
Forestry perspective
environmentalists - concerned about preservation of forests, conservation of biodiversity, and possible negative impacts of development (e.g. flooding, climate change)
small farmers - interested in clearing the forests provides land to grow crops and provides family with economic security
ranchers - interested in clearing the forests to sow pasture for cattle
foresters - interested in managing forests for the sustainable flow of their goods and services and the maintenance of the biological functioning of their ecosystems
loggers - interested in cutting commercial timbers to produce wood products
communities & indigenous peoples
- want more economic benefits from forests, guaranteed access for hunting and harvesting forest products, continued water supply
politicians - developing the forests for agriculture or logging creates immediate jobs, prosperity and tax revenues for government; also temporarily relieves the pressures of need for farm land, jobs, and poverty alleviation
international community - concerned about sustainable economic growth, the future of a world heritage, preservation of forests and their biodiversity
FUTURE?
• Future demand for industrial wood products depends on income growth, population growth, technological change, growth in human capital, changes in tastes and preferences, and institutional and political change
• Projected consumption of nearly 3 billion cubic meters by 2050
• The proportion of global timber from subtropical plantations (presently 10%) may increase to 40% by
2050 • Fuelwood harvests will increase by 17% by 2050
under a low-GDP-growth scenario, but only by 4% under a high-growth scenario
NEFD - National Exotic Forest Description
Current and forecast supply and demand - North and Central America
Current and forecast supply and
demand - South America
Current and forecast supply and demand - Europe
Current and forecast supply and demand - Africa
Current and forecast supply and
demand - Asia
Current and forecast supply and
demand - Oceania
How long can it last?
No-one knows!• ample wood fibre • supply and demand would increase by 2010
demand would significantly exceed availability
• world’s forests are biologically capable of providing industrial wood consistent with consumption Pacific region are adequate to meet future demands,
• non-crisis future situation though not plentiful supplies.
Alternatives
• Steel, plastic, cement, stone for building• Fossil fuel, nuclear or other sources for
energy• Can you think of an alternative to paper
(technology???)
RECYCLE
• Substituting non-wood products for wood products could increase carbon emissions