Forestry sector of Ukraine in transition to market economy Igor Buksha, Ukrainian Research Institute...

Forestry sector of Forestry sector of Ukraine in transition Ukraine in transition to market economyto market economy

Igor Buksha, Igor Buksha,

Ukrainian Research Institute of Ukrainian Research Institute of Forestry & AgroforestryForestry & Agroforestry

UNECE/FAO - 6th meeting of the UNECE/FAO - 6th meeting of the ToS (Warsaw, 3-6 March 2004)ToS (Warsaw, 3-6 March 2004)

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ContextContext BackgroundBackground Characteristic of forestry and timber loggingCharacteristic of forestry and timber logging Impacts of transition processes Impacts of transition processes on forestryon forestry Recent changes in the legislative Recent changes in the legislative

frameworksframeworks Projects in line with Resolution H3Projects in line with Resolution H3 The role of UN-ECE/FAO ToSThe role of UN-ECE/FAO ToS The priorities in international co-operation The priorities in international co-operation


33

General background General background information: Ukraineinformation: Ukraine

Area - 603,500 km2 Area - 603,500 km2 Population (January 1, 2001) - 49.3 millionPopulation (January 1, 2001) - 49.3 million Over 100 nationalities and ethnic groups (of which 73% Over 100 nationalities and ethnic groups (of which 73%

are Ukrainian). are Ukrainian). Climate - temperate continental (excluding of Climate - temperate continental (excluding of

subtropical climate on the Crimean South Coast)subtropical climate on the Crimean South Coast) 5 different eco-zones - Mixed forests, Forest-Steppe, 5 different eco-zones - Mixed forests, Forest-Steppe,

Steppe, Carpathians and Crimea Mountains. Steppe, Carpathians and Crimea Mountains. A big difference in condition of forests growth between A big difference in condition of forests growth between

different eco-zonesdifferent eco-zones


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Forestry background Forestry background information: Ukraineinformation: Ukraine Total area of forest lands Total area of forest lands --10.8 mln. 10.8 mln. hhaa Forests covered area Forests covered area - - 9.4 mln. 9.4 mln. hhaa Per cent of forestPer cent of forest covered lands covered lands - - 15.615.6% (in % (in

Steppe zone - lower then 5%, Forest Steppe -Steppe zone - lower then 5%, Forest Steppe -16%), 16%), Mixed forests - Mixed forests - 30% and Carpathians - 30% and Carpathians - around 70%) around 70%)

Coniferous forests Coniferous forests - - 42%42%, h, hardwood forestsardwood forests - - 43%43%, 15% - softwood broadleaves and shrubs , 15% - softwood broadleaves and shrubs

Average growing stock Average growing stock -- 186 m3 / ha 186 m3 / ha Average change of stock Average change of stock - - 3.8 m3 / ha3.8 m3 / ha Total growing stock Total growing stock - - 1.7 billion m31.7 billion m3Source: SFCU-2003


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Forests Forests ownershipownership

Source: SFCU-2003

Ministry of Agricultural Policy24%

State Committee of Forestry68%

Ministry of Environmental1%

Others3%

Ministry of Defense2%

Ministry ofEmergencies 2%


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Main Main relativerelative forestforestry ry indicatorsindicators

Source: TBFRA-2000

IndicatorsIndicators UkraineUkraine Eastern Eastern EuropeEurope

Forest cover, %Forest cover, % 15.615.6 43.243.2

Forest/capita, Forest/capita, ha/capha/cap 0.170.17 2.402.40


77

Forest area Forest area

0

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

30000

SE FI FR ES DE TR IT UA PL NO BY RO

Country

Th

ou

s. h

a

Source: TBFRA-2000


88

Total growing stock Total growing stock

Source: TBFRA-2000

0

500 000

1 000 000

1 500 000

2 000 000

2 500 000

3 000 000

SE FR DE PL FI UA IT TR BY AT NO CZ

Country

Th

ou

s.

m3


99

Average growing stockAverage growing stock

0,00

50,00

100,00

150,00

200,00

250,00

300,00

350,00

CH AT SI DE CZ PL NL UA HU LT LV FR HR EE

Country

Vo

lum

e,

m3/h

a

Source: TBFRA-2000


1010

Annual wood increment Annual wood increment useuse

Sw

itze

rla

nd

Fin

lan

d

Po

lan

d

Sw

ed

en

Au

str

ia

Fra

nce

Hu

ng

ary

Ge

rma

ny

Ukra

ine

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

Source: TBFRA-2000


1111

Volume of commercial Volume of commercial wood loggingwood logging

Source: SFCU

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

14000

Th

ou

s. m

3

1990 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002

Years

Thinning

Harvesting


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Main impacts of transition Main impacts of transition processes on Ukrainian processes on Ukrainian

ForestryForestry Transition from command to market economy - state fTransition from command to market economy - state forestorest enterprises enterprises

became became the the subjects of market economysubjects of market economy DecreasDecreasinging of state of state budget financing fbudget financing foror forest forestryry sector sector UnconformityUnconformity of national forest legislation to sociof national forest legislation to socio-o-economiceconomicss and and

market transformationsmarket transformations Deteriorated Deteriorated of of wood-processing sectorwood-processing sector,, sharp reduction of consumer sharp reduction of consumer

demand demand on on internal market of woodinternal market of wood Harvested timber decreasing and simultaneous increasing of the Harvested timber decreasing and simultaneous increasing of the

growing stock (using of increment is 30-40%)growing stock (using of increment is 30-40%) Discrepancy of Discrepancy of forest forest management informationmanagement information system to system to the the modern modern

requirementsrequirements Increasing of volume of wood export (in 6-7 times for 5 last years)Increasing of volume of wood export (in 6-7 times for 5 last years) ContaminationContamination of forests (about 3,5 mln. ha is c of forests (about 3,5 mln. ha is contaminatontaminated after ed after

Chernobyl disaster)Chernobyl disaster)


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Financing of forestry Financing of forestry

Source: SFCU

0

20

40

60

80

10019

80

1985

1992

1993

1994

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

Years

%%

State budget Income from forestry activity


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Total wood exportTotal wood export by by enterprises enterprises of of SFCUSFCU, thous. m3, thous. m3

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 роки

тис. куб.м

Пиломатеріали

Заготовки пиляні

Пиловник,фансировина

Баланси татехсировина

Source: SFCU


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Recent changes in the Recent changes in the llegislative frameworksegislative frameworks

New New Land Code of Ukraine (adopted by Land Code of Ukraine (adopted by the Parliamentthe Parliament,, 2001) 2001)

State Programme “Forests of Ukraine State Programme “Forests of Ukraine 2002-2015” (Government resolution 2002-2015” (Government resolution №581 on 29.04.2002). №581 on 29.04.2002).

PresidentPresident’s’s Decree aimed to Decree aimed to reformreform forestry of Ukraine (2004)forestry of Ukraine (2004)


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The nThe new Land Code of Ukraineew Land Code of Ukraine

Has established a legal basis for private land Has established a legal basis for private land propertyproperty

Provides equality of state, municipal and Provides equality of state, municipal and private property on forestsprivate property on forests

Forest plots with area less than 5 ha which Forest plots with area less than 5 ha which located into private lands can become private located into private lands can become private statusstatus

Private forests can be planted on the former Private forests can be planted on the former agricultural lands which are not used for agricultural lands which are not used for conducting of agricultureconducting of agriculture


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ObjectivesObjectives of of State Programme State Programme “Forests of Ukraine 2002-“Forests of Ukraine 2002-

2015” 2015” to extend forest covered territory to the optimal level;to extend forest covered territory to the optimal level; to improve the productivity of forest;to improve the productivity of forest; to conserve biological diversityto conserve biological diversity in in forests;forests; to increase forest ecosystems resistance to negative to increase forest ecosystems resistance to negative

impacts and climate change;impacts and climate change; to improve forest management legislationto improve forest management legislation according to according to

international principlesinternational principles of SFM of SFM;; to intensify state control for protection, conservation, to intensify state control for protection, conservation,

exploitation and regeneration of forests;exploitation and regeneration of forests; to encourage the development of forest research and to encourage the development of forest research and

education;education; to improve social protection of forestry workers.to improve social protection of forestry workers.


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Ukrainian NFP outputsUkrainian NFP outputs

Years Parameters Units 2002 2005 2010 2015

Total area of forest lands

mln. ha 10,8 10,9 11,1 11,3

Including forest covered area

mln. ha 9,4 9,4 9,5 9,7

Total growing stock mlrd. m3 1,74 1,86 1,97 2,03 Average growing stock

m3 ha-1 186 200 205 210

Average changes in growing stock

m3 ha-1 3,8 3,8 3,9 4

Forest coverage % 15,6 15,6 15,8 16,1

Source: M.J. Schelhaas, M. Cerny, I.F. Buksha et. all., 2003


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The main disadvantage The main disadvantage oon transition processn transition process

The The State Committee of Forestry and State Committee of Forestry and sstate tate forestry enterprises fulfill combined forestry enterprises fulfill combined functions of the control, administration, functions of the control, administration, legislation with functions legislation with functions of forest of forest management and commercial activitiesmanagement and commercial activities


2020

PresidentPresident’s’s Decree aimed to Decree aimed to reformreform forestry of Ukraine forestry of Ukraine

(2004)(2004) To divide function of state control and state To divide function of state control and state

management, to create two independent management, to create two independent institutions - forest inspection and forest institutions - forest inspection and forest administration administration

To prepareTo prepare in 2004 in 2004 of new Forest Codeof new Forest Code according to changed socio-economics according to changed socio-economics conditionsconditions

To lead To lead State Forest Inventory for all forests in State Forest Inventory for all forests in UkraineUkraine

To harmonize national forest statistics To harmonize national forest statistics with the with the requirements of the Erequirements of the EUU


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Backgrounds for international Backgrounds for international cooperation of Ukrainian Forestrycooperation of Ukrainian Forestry

Ukraine has joined Ukraine has joined to the to the process of implementation process of implementation of of the the MCPFEMCPFE resolution resolutions: s: SS11-S-S44, H1-H4, L1, L2,, H1-H4, L1, L2, V1- V1-V5 (except V5 (except resolutionresolution S5) S5)

UkraineUkraine has signed resolution S1 of MCPFE has signed resolution S1 of MCPFE at the at the Vienna Summit in 2003Vienna Summit in 2003

UkraineUkraine has has begbegaan to participaten to participate in the United Nations in the United Nations Forum on Forests in 2003Forum on Forests in 2003

UkraineUkraine became a memberbecame a member of FAO in 2003 of FAO in 2003 UkraineUkraine has ratified Kyoto Protocol on the UN has ratified Kyoto Protocol on the UN

Framework Convention on Climate Change in 2004Framework Convention on Climate Change in 2004 Ukraine Ukraine has joined has joined to the Convention on Biodiversityto the Convention on Biodiversity


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Cooperation under ToS Cooperation under ToS umbrella helped of Ukraine:umbrella helped of Ukraine: to compare the national forest management of Ukraine to compare the national forest management of Ukraine

with the other European countries and to determine its with the other European countries and to determine its adequacy to pan-European criteria of sustainable forest adequacy to pan-European criteria of sustainable forest management;management;

to find out compatibility of Ukrainian forestry strategies to to find out compatibility of Ukrainian forestry strategies to European ones;European ones;

to start the activity on harmonisation of the national forest to start the activity on harmonisation of the national forest statistics with the international requirements;statistics with the international requirements;

to develop modern forestry normative base with the to develop modern forestry normative base with the attention to the international experience;attention to the international experience;

to start exchange of knowledge and technologies (e.g. to start exchange of knowledge and technologies (e.g. information on forest inventory and monitoring ).information on forest inventory and monitoring ).


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Projects in line with Projects in line with Resolution H3Resolution H3

UN-ECE UN-ECE ICP Forests ICP Forests (ongoing from 1989)(ongoing from 1989) UN-ECE/FAO UN-ECE/FAO TBFRA-2000TBFRA-2000 (completed) (completed) EU INCO-Copernicus EU INCO-Copernicus “SCEFORMA” “SCEFORMA”

(completed)(completed) IPGRI-IPGRI-EEUFORGEN UFORGEN (completed)(completed) UN-ECE/FAO UN-ECE/FAO EFSOS EFSOS (completed)(completed)

Source: Romanovskyy V., Buksha I., Kravets P., 2002


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Recent projects in line Recent projects in line with Resolution H3with Resolution H3 Strategic plan of Ukrainian forest sector Strategic plan of Ukrainian forest sector

development (2001-2004)development (2001-2004) Development and testing of the national forest Development and testing of the national forest

certification standards in Ukraine (2003-2004)certification standards in Ukraine (2003-2004) Swiss-Ukrainian Forest Development Project Swiss-Ukrainian Forest Development Project

in Transcarpathian, “FOR-ZA” (2003-2005)in Transcarpathian, “FOR-ZA” (2003-2005) Creating of web-page about Ukrainian Forestry Creating of web-page about Ukrainian Forestry

for Forest Information Service of EFI (2002-for Forest Information Service of EFI (2002-2004)2004)


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Strategic plan of Ukrainian forest Strategic plan of Ukrainian forest sector development (2001-2004) sector development (2001-2004)

<1><1>

Donor – Sweden International Donor – Sweden International Development Agency (SIDA) Development Agency (SIDA)

Recipient – Ukrainian State Committee of Recipient – Ukrainian State Committee of Forestry Forestry

Partner (Ukraine) - Research Informational Partner (Ukraine) - Research Informational Centre Centre

Partner (Sweden) - Scandiaconsult ABPartner (Sweden) - Scandiaconsult AB


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Strategic plan of Ukrainian forest Strategic plan of Ukrainian forest sector development (2001-2004) sector development (2001-2004)

<2><2>Project content:Project content: Development of the strategic plan of Development of the strategic plan of

forest sector development in Ukraine. forest sector development in Ukraine.

Expected results:Expected results: Proposals of changes in forest legislationProposals of changes in forest legislation Proposals on forest sector institutional structure Proposals on forest sector institutional structure

improvementimprovement Proposals of strategic and technical decisions on timber Proposals of strategic and technical decisions on timber

trade development at the local and international market trade development at the local and international market To test methods of forest management and planning, To test methods of forest management and planning,

oriented towards income increase, which observe oriented towards income increase, which observe environmental aspects. environmental aspects.


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Development and testing of the Development and testing of the national forest certification national forest certification standards (2003-2004) <1>standards (2003-2004) <1>

Donor – Alliance of World Bank and WWFDonor – Alliance of World Bank and WWF Recipient – National Agricultural University Recipient – National Agricultural University

of Ukraineof Ukraine Partner (Ukraine) – National Agricultural Partner (Ukraine) – National Agricultural

University of UkraineUniversity of Ukraine Partner (Germany) – GFA Terra Systems Partner (Germany) – GFA Terra Systems

GmbHGmbH


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Development and testing of the Development and testing of the national forest certification national forest certification standards (2003-2004) <2>standards (2003-2004) <2>

Project contentProject content: to establish of the : to establish of the national initiative and to compete of working national initiative and to compete of working group for developing and testing of the group for developing and testing of the national forest certification standards in national forest certification standards in Ukraine (coordinated with FSC guidance)Ukraine (coordinated with FSC guidance)

Expected results:Expected results: the Ukrainian national the Ukrainian national forest certification standards forest certification standards


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Swiss-Ukrainian Forest Swiss-Ukrainian Forest Development Project in Development Project in

Transcarpathian Transcarpathian “FOR-ZA” (2003-2005) <1>“FOR-ZA” (2003-2005) <1>

Donor – Swiss Agency for Development and Donor – Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation (SDC)Cooperation (SDC)

Recipient – Ukrainian State Committee of Forestry Recipient – Ukrainian State Committee of Forestry

Partner (Ukraine) - Transcarpathian Forest Partner (Ukraine) - Transcarpathian Forest Administration Administration

Partner (Switzerland) – Swiss Organization for Partner (Switzerland) – Swiss Organization for Development and Cooperation (Intercooperation)Development and Cooperation (Intercooperation)


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Swiss-Ukrainian Forest Swiss-Ukrainian Forest Development Project in Development Project in

Transcarpathian Transcarpathian “FOR-ZA” (2003-2005) <2>“FOR-ZA” (2003-2005) <2>

Project content:Project content: project addresses the need for the forestry project addresses the need for the forestry of Transcarpathian to adapt to the new socio-economic of Transcarpathian to adapt to the new socio-economic environment, takes a landscape approach to sustainable environment, takes a landscape approach to sustainable management of forest resources and conservation. management of forest resources and conservation. Expected results:Expected results: To diversify and further strengthen multi-purpose forest To diversify and further strengthen multi-purpose forest management planning and close-to-nature silviculture, in order to management planning and close-to-nature silviculture, in order to sustain forest functions and enhance productivity of forests sustain forest functions and enhance productivity of forests goods and services.goods and services.To strengthen forest policy in order to enhance the contribution To strengthen forest policy in order to enhance the contribution of forests to socio-economic development and to landscape of forests to socio-economic development and to landscape protection, particularly in relation to natural disasters.protection, particularly in relation to natural disasters.To valorize forest products and forest services for the economic To valorize forest products and forest services for the economic benefits of the local populationbenefits of the local population


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Creating of web-page about Creating of web-page about Ukrainian Forestry for EFI Forest Ukrainian Forestry for EFI Forest

Information Service (2002-2004) <1>Information Service (2002-2004) <1>

Donor – European Forest Institute (EFI)Donor – European Forest Institute (EFI)

Recipient – Ukrainian State Committee of Recipient – Ukrainian State Committee of Forestry Forestry

Partner (Ukraine) - Ukrainian Research Partner (Ukraine) - Ukrainian Research Institute of Forestry and Forest Melioration Institute of Forestry and Forest Melioration (URIFFM)(URIFFM)

Partner (Finland) - European Forest Institute Partner (Finland) - European Forest Institute (EFI)(EFI)


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Creating of web-page about Creating of web-page about Ukrainian Forestry for EFI Forest Ukrainian Forestry for EFI Forest

Information Service (2002-2004) <2>Information Service (2002-2004) <2>Project content:Project content: Creation of a web-page “Forests and Creation of a web-page “Forests and Forest Management in Ukraine”, in the format proposed Forest Management in Ukraine”, in the format proposed of EFI (under requirement of FINE project).of EFI (under requirement of FINE project).Expected results:Expected results:creating web pages with regional information about creating web pages with regional information about Ukrainian forestry Ukrainian forestry compiling a links on timber and wood products compiling a links on timber and wood products companies, small and medium forest-related companies, small and medium forest-related enterprises etc.enterprises etc.Ukrainian contribution to the EFI’s ‘Forestry Law Ukrainian contribution to the EFI’s ‘Forestry Law Database’Database’


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The priorities in international co-The priorities in international co-operation for Ukrainian forestry are:operation for Ukrainian forestry are: To level up forestTo level up forestry ry information exchange, to improve information exchange, to improve

the system of collecting, analysis and distribution of the system of collecting, analysis and distribution of forest information, to create electronic data bases and forest information, to create electronic data bases and sourcessources in in InternetInternet;;

To develop forest policy tools, to improve forest To develop forest policy tools, to improve forest legislation and to harmonize forestry normative base legislation and to harmonize forestry normative base according to European standards;according to European standards;

To broaden the practice of research institutions co-To broaden the practice of research institutions co-operation in sustainable forest management and operation in sustainable forest management and improvement of forest management systems, improvement of forest management systems,

To develop the modern modelling and prediction To develop the modern modelling and prediction methods of forest dynamics under environmental methods of forest dynamics under environmental change, monitoring and forest certification change, monitoring and forest certification implementation, improvement of ecological, implementation, improvement of ecological, economical and social forest resources assessment;economical and social forest resources assessment;


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The priorities in international co-The priorities in international co-operation for Ukrainian forestry areoperation for Ukrainian forestry are <2> <2>:: To implement experience and technologies To implement experience and technologies

exchange programmes and specialists training;exchange programmes and specialists training; To receive a technical support for the To receive a technical support for the

implementation of pan-European programmes (e.g. implementation of pan-European programmes (e.g. UN-ECE UN-ECE ICP Forests);ICP Forests);

To develop modern technologies of forest To develop modern technologies of forest inventory, integrated forest monitoring, GIS-inventory, integrated forest monitoring, GIS-systems;systems;

To promote co-operative international projects on To promote co-operative international projects on carbon sequestration and carbon sequestration and climate change climate change mitigation (joint implementation projects);mitigation (joint implementation projects);

To develop programmes of forest products using To develop programmes of forest products using as a renewable energy sourceas a renewable energy source..


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Thank you for attention !Thank you for attention !

Igor BukshaIgor Buksha, PhD, PhD

Ukrainian Research Institute of Forestry & Ukrainian Research Institute of Forestry & AgroforestryAgroforestry

Pushkinska str., 86Pushkinska str., 86

Ukraine 61024, Kharkiv, URIFFMUkraine 61024, Kharkiv, URIFFM

Tel: + 00 380 57 7078049Tel: + 00 380 57 7078049

Fax. + 00 380 57 7041009Fax. + 00 380 57 7041009

E-mail: E-mail: [email protected]@uriffm.com.ua

Forestry sector of Ukraine in transition to market economy Igor Buksha, Ukrainian Research Institute...

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