Forestry 280: Hand lens cross-sections,Woods 1-13: Softwoods with normal resin canals
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Transcript of Forestry 280: Hand lens cross-sections,Woods 1-13: Softwoods with normal resin canals
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Forestry 280: Hand lens cross-sections,Woods 1-13: Softwoods with normal resin canals
Views are presented to approximate observation with a 10x hand lens. Thus, both specimen imperfections and some lack of detail will be evident.
Images with species name shown in white are courtesy of the USDA Forest Service, Center for Wood Anatomy Research.
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#1 – Sugar Pine, Pinus lambertiana
Normal, longitudinal resin canals
Horizontal
Resin canal
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#1 – Sugar Pine, Pinus lambertiana Note the following:
Four normal, longitudinal resin canals
One normal, horizontal (or transverse) resin canal
Wood texture (“medium-coarse”)
Approximately 20x
One growth ring Earlywood
Latewood
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#2 - White pineEastern, Pinus strobusWestern, P. monticola
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#2 - White pineEastern, Pinus strobusor Western, P. monticola
Approximately 10x
Approximately 20x
Note “honeycomb” appearance of tracheids
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# 3 – Lodgepole pine, Pinus contorta
Here, resin canals look like whitish spots.
Note “dimples” on split tangential surface, as seen in large display sample in the classroom!
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#4 – Southern Yellow Pines, Pinus spp.
10x
20x
Note frequency of resin canals and prominence of latewood; also, variable wood structure (growth rate, percent latewood, etc.)
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#5 – Ponderosa pine, Pinus ponderosa
Resin canals are frequent, numerous; typically present in every growth ring (typical of pines in general).
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#5 – Ponderosa pine, Pinus ponderosa
Note “artifacts” (knife marks)
Horizontal resin canal
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#6 – Red pine, Pinus resinosa
Resin canals are numerous, but small.
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#7 - Jack Pine, Pinus banksiana Don’t separate red
and jack pines macroscopically
Note: These may be separated microscopically: Red pine has window-like cross-field pits; jack pine has pinoid pits. Resin canals
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#8 - Tamarack, Larix laricina
10x
20x
Resin canals are small and sparse, appearing here as whitish dots.
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#9 – Western larch, Larix occidentalis
Small, sparse resin canals.
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#10 – Eastern spruces, Picea spp.
Resin canals small, sparse; often appear as whitish flecks.
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#11 – Engelmann spruce, Picea engelmannii
Don’t separate Eastern spruces from Engelmann.Wood is soft, relatively easy to cut, and “lustrous” in appearance.
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#12 – Sitka spruce, Picea sitchensis
Sitka has a “purplish” cast in the color of heartwood.
Resin canals sparse; somewhat larger than other spruces.
DO try to separate this from #10 & #11.
This particular sample has indented growth rings, called “bear scratches.”
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#13 – Douglas fir, Pseudotsuga menziesii
Small, sparse resin canals.Relatively coarse texture.
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#13 – Douglas fir, Pseudotsuga menziesii Heartwood is often
reddish- to orange-red
Heartwood often has a distinctive odor
Resin canals sometimes in short, tangential groups.