Forest Management Manual for New Brunswick Crown Lands ... · management system devised for Crown...
Transcript of Forest Management Manual for New Brunswick Crown Lands ... · management system devised for Crown...
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ForestManagementManualforNewBrunswickCrownLandsResults-BasedForestryOptionAugust2014
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TableofContentsIntroduction.................................................................................................................................................3
Goals&ObjectivesforCrownLandManagement......................................................................................3
StrategicForestManagementPlanning......................................................................................................6
OperatingPlans...........................................................................................................................................7
Operations-Harvest....................................................................................................................................8
OldForestCommunityandOldForestWildlifeHabitatHarvestPolicy..............................................8
DeerWinteringAreaManagementPolicy.........................................................................................10
WatercourseandWetlandBufferZonePolicy..................................................................................13
ManagementofTolerantHardwoodForestsPolicy..........................................................................17
ScaleandUtilizationPolicy................................................................................................................18
Operations–Roads...................................................................................................................................19
Operations–Silviculture...........................................................................................................................20
AnnualReport............................................................................................................................................21
FinancialReport.........................................................................................................................................22
Accountability............................................................................................................................................22
CommitmenttoContinuousImprovement...............................................................................................26
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IntroductionIn1982,withtheproclamationoftheCrownLandsandForestsAct(Act),acomprehensiveforestmanagementsystemwasintroducedforCrownland.TheActmadeprovisionfortheestablishmentofCrownTimberLicences(Licences)andtheassignmentofmanagementresponsibilityforthoseLicencestotheforestindustry(Licensees).Theroleofgovernmentinthismanagementsystemistosetforestmanagementgoals,objectives,andstandards,monitortheactivitiesoftheLicensees,andtoperiodicallyassessLicenseeperformance.TheroleofLicenseesistoimplementthegoalsandobjectivessetbygovernment.
ThisframeworkisdescribedintheForestManagementManual(FMM),whichisamendedbymutualconsentoftheMinisterofNaturalResourcesandLicensees.TheFMMformspartoftheForestManagementAgreement(FMA)whichoutlinesthespecificresponsibilitiesofLicenseesandtheMinisterinthemanagementanduseofCrownland.TheFMMrepresentsSchedule“E"oftheFMA.TheforestmanagementsystemdevisedforCrownlandoperatesonafive-yearcycle.TheMinisterandLicenseereviewtheFMAattheendofeachfive-yearperiodoftheFMA.TheFMMisalsoreviewedatfive-yearintervals.Eachreviewre-establishesthegoals,objectives,standards,andassessmentcriteriaforCrownLicensemanagementandrelatedactivitiesontheground.
TwoessentialcomponentsofCrownlandforestmanagementaretherequirementsformanagementplanningandtheevaluationofmanagementperformance.Licenseesdeveloplong-termForestManagementPlansthatdescribehowthegoalsandobjectivesofgovernmentaretobeachievedoverthenextfive-yearperiodandinthelongerterm.ForestManagementPlansareimplementedthroughOperatingPlansthatarepreparedannuallybyLicensees.TheMinisterofNaturalResources(DNR)isresponsibleforapprovingmanagementplansandverifyingthatoperatingplansareachievingtheirintendedoutcomes.Attheendofeachperiod,usingdefinedindicators,DNRevaluateshowwellLicenseesperformedinachievingthestatedgoalsandobjectivesofgovernment.TheresultsofthatevaluationareaprimeconsiderationinDNR'sdecisiononwhethertoextendthetermofaLicenceforanadditionalfive-yearperiod.
Goals&ObjectivesforCrownLandManagementInMarchof2014,Governmentreleasedaforeststrategytitled:‘PuttingOurResourcestoWork’,whichsetforthseveralnewdirectionsinCrownlandmanagement.ThestrategytargetsagloballycompetitiveandresilientNewBrunswickforestsector.Majorpolicyelementsofthatstrategywhichinclude:
• ForestSectorInvestment–theGovernmentwillallocateadditionalfibretosupportcompanieswhohavecommittedtomakesubstantialinvestmentsinmillmodernizationandequipment.Crownforestswillbemanagedasahighlyproductivesourceofhighqualityforestproducts.
• ACommitmenttoaHealthyForest–theGovernmentmaintainsitscommitmenttoahealthy,vibrantforestwithtreesatvariousstagesofmaturityandrespectstheprinciplesofconservationandbiodiversity.Thisstrategymaintainsadiverseforestthroughtimethatprovidesoldforest,deerhabitat,cleanwater,untouchedandprotectedareaswhileputtingthe
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remainderofourforesttoworktodayandintothefuture.
• Results-BasedForestry–theGovernmentwillpursueamoreefficientandlesscostlyapproachtomanagingCrownlandbyadoptinga‘results-basedframework’withCrownlicensees.Thismanualdetailssuchaframework.Licenseeswillbeheldaccountabletoachieveclear,forest-wideobjectivesandGovernmentwillassesstheirperformancebyexaminingtheoutcomesofLicenseemanagementandharvestandsilviculturepractices.Thisframework,whichisalignedtotheoriginalintentofthe1982CrownLandsandForestAct,willallowindustrytobemoreefficientinconductingitsoperationswhilebeingmoreclearlyaccountablethroughasetofperformancemeasures.‘Results-based’reliesonstrictprocesscontrol,processimprovement/performanceexcellence,andanintegrationofDNRintoindependentcertificationsystems.
Crownlandswillbemanagedformultipleobjectivesthatfitintothethreerecognizedpillarsofsustainableforestmanagement(SFM):
• StewardshipoftheEnvironment• SupportingaVibrantForestSector• MaintainingSocialLicensetoOperate
Themes Values Goals Objectives
Stew
ardshipofth
eEn
vironm
ent
TerrestrialB
iodiversity
Thefullvarietyofhealthyandresilientnativeforestedecosystemsarepresentandsustainableacrosstheirecologicalranges.
Functionalpatchesofoldforestwillberetainedacrosseachecoregionineachof14identifiablecommunitytypes.Objectivelevelsineachecoregionaimtosustainatleast6-8%inoldageclassesofeachforestcommunity'stotalarea(1980'sinventory).
ThefulldiversityofmatureforestecosystemswillberepresentedinProtectedNaturalAreas.Naturalprocesseswillbepermittedtounfoldwithminimalhumaninfluence.
Forestryoperationsencounteringsite-specifichabitats(includingrarespecies,beardens,raptornestsites,etc.)maintaintheirassociatedfunction(s).
Thefullrangeofnativeforest-dwellingvertebratesarepresentandsustainableacrosstheirecologicalranges.
Populationsofall161nativevertebratespecieswillbemaintained.Forthe53oldforestdependantspecies,functionalpatchesofoldforesthabitatwillbemaintainedtosupportpopulationsingeographicsub-regionwherethespeciesisnative.
Populationsofconsumptivelyusedwildlifearemaintainedatdesiredlevels.
HabitatstructurestosupportherdsthroughseverewinterswillbemaintainedIndesignatedtraditionalwhitetaildeerwinteringareas.
WaterQua
lity&
Aqua
ticEcosystem
s
Theintegrityofwatercoursesandwetlandswillbemaintainedsoastopreservethephysical,chemical,andbiologicalpropertiesandfunctionsofthesesystemsintheirnaturalstate.
Allperennialwatercoursesandwetlandsgreaterthan1hawillbeprotectedthrough30mbufferzones.Bufferzoneswillbemanagedtoregulatemicro-climate,provideorganicmatter,maintainaquatichabitat,andactassedimentfilters.
Forestroadconstructionandmaintenancewillmanagethephysicalimpacttowaterqualityandfishpassagebymeansofeffectiveplanning,andwelldesignedandexecutedcrossings
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Themes Values Goals Objectives
Waterwaysindesignatedwatershedswillbeprotectedby75mbufferzonesthatwillbemanagedtominimizephysicaleffectsthatharvestcouldhaveonwaterquality.
Soil
HarvestandsilvicultureoperationsonCrownlandwillpreservesoilfunction,processes,andhealththroughminimizingdisturbanceandcontamination.
Forestoperationswillminimizeruttingthroughcarefulplanning,andeffectiveresponsewhenincidentsoccur.
Environmentalcontaminationduetospillageofhazardousmaterials(fuels,oils,pesticides,etc.)willbeminimized.Operationswilleffectivelycleanand/ormitigateanycontaminationsthatdooccur.Thepermanentnetlossofproductiveforestareaduetoheavyharvestdebriswillbeminimized.
Themes Values Goals Objectives
Supp
ortin
gaVibran
tForestS
ector
GrowingtheRe
source
CrownforestswillbeusedtosustainablysupplytimbertoNB'sforestsector.ForestmanagementwillplanharvestandsilvicultureactivitiessuchtooptimizethepotentialeconomicvalueofwoodfiberfromCrownlands.
CrownforestswillbeprimarilymanagedtomaximizeSp/bf/jPsawtimberharvestintheshort-termandgrowitinthelong-term.SupplyofmixedhardwoodspeciesfromCrownlandswillbemaintainedintheshort-term.Inthelong-term,overallhardwoodsupplywilldeclinetoasustainablelevelthroughareductionintheinventoryoflowervaluespeciesandproducts.
Wherehigh-qualitytoleranthardwoodsorwhitepinearedominant,forestryactivitywillfocusonculturingasustainablesupplyofqualitysawtimber.Thereshouldbenonet-lossofsuchareaonaLicense.
HarvestandsilvicultureoperationsonCrownlandwillbecontrolledusingsite-levelprescriptionsthatconsiderforesttype,environmentalfeatures,neighboringlanduses,relatedpolicy,andthelegislativeframeworkinthecontextofforestmanagementobjectives.TheoverallforestmanagementactivitybytheLicenseewillmaintainandimprovethelongtermfinancialvalueoftheCrownforestinventory.
Optim
izingthe
ValueCh
ain
TreesharvestedfromCrownforestswillbeusedtoprovidemaximumbenefittothepeopleofNewBrunswick.
NewBrunswickindustrieswillmaximizetheirutilizationoftheavailableAACfromCrownlandsatalltimes.
100%oftreesfelledfromCrownlandwillbeprocessedintoproductswhichcontributetoNB'seconomy.EconomicvaluetoGovernmentwillbemaximized.
Themes Values Goals Objectives
Maintaining
So
cial
LicenseTo
Ope
rate
Accessto
Crow
nForests Forestroadnetworkswillallow
traditionalnon-commercialaccesstoCrownlands
Inadditiontouseforforestmanagement,designatedroadwayswillbemaintainedinpassableconditionforthepurposeofallowingtraditionalpublicaccesstoCrownlandsforrecreationandnon-commercialuses.
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Forestssurroundingwaterwaysoftraditionalhigh-recreationalusewillbemanagedtomaintain
aestheticquality,userexperience,andintegrity
ForestharvestactivitieswillrespectCrownAnglingLeases,CanadianHeritageRivers,andotherwaterwaysofhigh-recreationalusethoughspecialdesignatedbufferzones.
Tran
sparen
cy
DNR,Stakeholders,andmembersofthepublicwillhaveaccesstoimportantinformationregardingthemanagementof
Crownforests.
AforestmanagementplanwillbepreparedwhichdemonstrateshowcurrentandplannedactivitiesachieveGovernment'seconomicandenvironmentalobjectives.Theforestmanagementplanwillbenomorethan5yearsold;10yearsofplannedharvestactivitieswillbemappedandthedocumentwillbepublicallyavailable.
Anannualoperatingplanwillbepreparedwhichmapstheapproximatelocationofplannedharvest,silviculture,androadconstructionactivities.Mapswillbepublicallyavailableandnoolderthan1year.
AnannualreportwillbepreparedwhichdetailstheactivityontheLicenseoverthepreviousoperatingseason.
AnonlineoperationsactivitymapwillbemaintainedandwillbeavailabletoDNRstaff.AfinancialstatementwillbepreparedwithinformationonroyaltypaidforCrowntimber,Licensemanagementservicefeescollected,andsilvicultureexpenses(reimbursedorin-kind).Variancesbetweenactualandbudgetedamountswillbeexplained.
StrategicForestManagementPlanningAForestManagementPlan(FMP)isrequiredbytheActandisfoundasSchedule“C”intheFMA.TheplandefineshowtheLicensewillbemanagedandformsthebenchmarkagainstwhichmanyelementsofLicenseeperformanceismeasured.TheFMPmustdemonstrateforaperiodofatleast80years,thesustainabilityoftheLicensee’sharvestandsilviculturestrategy,anditsabilitytofulfilltheobjectivesestablishedbyDNR.TheFMPisdevelopedthroughamutuallyagreed-uponsetofplanningstandards,accordingtoadaptiveplanningprocessrepeatedona5-yearcycle,headedbyatechnicalcommitteewithLicensee,DNR,andotherexpertrepresentatives.TheFMPdescribesstrategicdirectionandreportstheexpectedstateoftheforestatfuturetimeperiodsusingstate-of-the-artforecastingmodels.
Foraperiodof10-years,theFMPmaps:
• Theareasetasidetoachieveobjectivesforterrestrialbiodiversity,waterquality,aquaticecosystems,andrecreationalopportunity:collectivelytermed‘theConservationForest’
• Theplannedlocation,timeperiod,andgeneralprescriptionofharvestactivityrequiredtoaccesstheannualallowablecut(AAC)
TheFMPisconsideredvalidforaperiodof10years.Updatesaretriggeredwith:
• Anycatastrophicnaturaldisturbanceevent(forestfires,insectoutbreaks,windstorms,disease)whichcausessignificantchangestoharvestorsilviculturepatternsoverasustainedperiod.
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• Anyfundamentalchangestothescienceand/orinventoryinformationwhichformsthefoundationalelementstothemodellingapproachwiththepotentialforadramaticallyimprovedplan.
• Thecompletionofa5-yearmanagementperiod,assetforthintheAct,withthecurrentFMPtakingeffectApril1,2012.
TheGovernmentisresponsiblefor:
• DefiningthegoalsandobjectivesforforestmanagementandtherequirementsoftheFMP.
• Definingtheboundariesoftheprotectedareas,habitats,andotherspecialmanagementzonesthatformtheConservationForest.
• StrategicreviewandapprovaloftheFMP.
TheLicenseeisresponsiblefor:
• FormulationofaharvestandsilviculturestrategywhicharealignedwiththeGovernment’sobjectives.
• DeliveryoftheFMPthatdescribestheharvestandsilviculturestrategy,forecastedfuturestateoftheforest,anddemonstratessustainabilitywithrespecttoenvironmental,economic,andsocialindicators.
• Implementationofharvestandsilvicultureprogramsthatarewell-alignedtothestrategy.
OperatingPlansAnOperatingPlan(OP)isrequiredbytheActandisfoundasSchedule“D”intheFMA.TheOPservesastheprincipalmechanismforapprovingannualOPelementssuchasscalearrangementsandworkpermitsandSub-Licenseeagreements.ThroughtheOP,approvalisprovidedforimplementationofthemajoractivitiesassociatedwiththemanagementofCrownland.TheOPalsoservesasakeytransparencyelementwhereinterestedmembersofstakeholdergroupsandthepubliccanidentifythelocationofplannedharvestandroadconstructionactivities.OPswillmap:
• Possiblelocationswhichmaybeharvestedintheupcomingonetotwoyears.
• Majorroadconstructionormaintenance(rebuilds)activities.Keypolicyelements:
• OPsareavailabletothepubliconlineandarefree-of-charge.
• OPsareupdatedannually.TheGovernmentisresponsiblefor:
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• ReviewingtheOPforconsistencywiththeobjectivesidentifiedintheFMP,andFMMrequirements.
• Providingthe“LetterofApproval”whentheseconditionshavebeenachieved.
• Issuingworkpermitsforindustrialoperationspriortocommencementofoperations.TheOPapprovalletterwillbetheworkpermitforLicensee/Sub-LicenseeCrownlandoperations.
TheLicenseeisresponsiblefor:
• SubmittinganOPthatisconsistentwithobjectivesidentifiedintheFMPandmeetsFMMrequirements.
• ProvidingSub-licenseeswithintendedoperatingblockspriortoApril1stofeachyear.
• MaintaininganaccessiblespatialdatabaseofannualOPblocksandroads(includingharvestprescription).
• MaintainingadatabaseshowingthelocationofactiveharvestoperationsontheLicense
Operations-Harvest
OldForestCommunityandOldForestWildlifeHabitatHarvestPolicyObjective:
• OldForestCommunities(OFC)andOldForestWildlifeHabitats(OFWH)aremanagedonCrownlandtoensureafullvarietyofhealthyandresilientnativeforestedecosystemsandafullrangeofnativeforest-dwellingvertebratesarepresentandsustainableacrosstheirecologicalranges.
• Whiletimberharvestingisallowedinsomestands,it’scriticalthatstandsmeetingtherequiredstructuretoprovideOFC/OFWHpriortoharvestcontinuetoprovidetherequiredstructurefollowingharvest,bothspatiallyandtemporally.
• DNRhasidentifiedtargetsforOFCandOFWHtypesineachcombinationofEco-regionandLicense.Forestedstandssufficienttomeettargetlevelshavebeendesignatedandspatiallyidentifiedbasedonacombinationofground-basedknowledgeandforeststrataprobabilities.
• StructuralrequirementsforOFCandOFWHtypesaredescribedinthe“OldForestCommunityandOld-ForestWildlifeHabitatdefinitionsforNewBrunswick2012”document.
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KeyPolicyElements:
• TimberharvestingispermittedineligibleOFCandOFWHtypestoallowfortheextractionofwoodproductswhilemaintainingthedesiredstandstructurecharacteristicspost-harvest.Harvestingoftheeligibleareawillbespacedover30yearstopermitevaluationandadaptationofharveststandardstonewinformation.
• Inordertobedeemedeligibleforharvest,designatedOFCandOFWHare:o LocatedoutsideofPNAo LocatedoutsideofDWAthatis≤50hainsize.o OFCandOFWHtargetlevelsthatindividuallyrepresent>0.5%oftheCrownforest
(15,000ha)willbeeligiblefortimberharvesting.ThefollowingOFCandOFWHmeetthiscriteria:
! OFC-RS,BSM,BF,BSP,THP,THSW.! OFWH-OTHH,OHWH,OSFH,OMWHandOFH.
o NotanOFCorOFWHstand/patchdesignatedasExceptionalQualityorhavingrarespecies.
• DesignatedOFC/OFWHstandsaretobeavoidedwhenplanningandconstructingroadsexceptasrequiredtoaccessharvestableareaswithintheOFCorOFWHpatch.
• RoadsandlandingswillnottobelocatedindesignatedOFC/OFWHwheretheprovincialtarget
levelis<0.5%ofCrownforestarea;orattheEcoregionleveltheidentifiedareaortargetforanOFC/OFWHis<1000ha.ThedesignatedOFCandOFWHwhereroadsandlandingsshallnotbelocatedareidentifiedinTable1.
• IfaroadisconstructedwithindesignatedOFC/OFWHstands,theright-of-waywidthshallnotnormallyexceed20metersandtheareainroadswillbedeductedfromtheOFC/OFWHsupplyforthepatch.
Table1BluecellsindicatethosedesignatedOFC/OFWHbyecoregionwhereroadsshallnotbelocated.
Ecoregion
OFC/OFWH 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
HE CE
RS BSM
WS
BF SWTH
RP WP
THP
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EcoregionOFC/OFWH 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
THSW
BSP JP TL
OSFH OPIH
OTHH
OHWH OMWH
OFH TheLicenseeisresponsiblefor:
• PreparingandimplementingOFC/OFWHharvestconsideringtheobjectives,standardsandrelevantbestmanagementpractices.
• EnsuringforestryactivitiesindesignatedOFC/OFWHcomplywiththeobjectivesandthatpre/posttreatmentstandconditionsareconsistentwithminimumstructuralrequirements.
• ProposingequivalentreplacementOFC/OFWHtodesignateincaseswheretherequiredpost-harveststructurewasnotachieved.
DNRisresponsiblefor:
• ProvidingthespatialinformationspecifyingthelocationofdesignatedOFC/OFWHontheLicense.
• ApprovingreplacementdesignatedOFC/OFWHthatmaybeproposedbytheLicensee.
DeerWinteringAreaManagementPolicyObjective:
• DeerWinteringAreas(DWA)aremanagedonCrownlandstoensurethatthepopulationofwhite-taileddeerismaintainedatdesiredlevels.Inordertodoso,standsthatmeettherequiredhabitatstructuretoprovideDWAhabitatpriortoharvestmustcontinuetoprovidetherequiredstructurefollowingharvest,bothspatiallyandtemporally.
• Winterdeerhabitatisdescribedintwocategories:o ModerateDeerWinterHabitat
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o SevereDeerWinterHabitat
ModerateWinterDeerHabitat(MWDH)StandStructureForestType: Conifer,Conifer-HardwoodandHardwood-Coniferstandsexcludinglarch,pine,poor-site-spruceandmostpureblackspruce.
ConiferCrownClosure: ≥30%(trees≥10mtall)
Note:Coniferbasalareavalueslessthan12m2/ha(trees≥10cmdbh)areunlikelytoprovide30%crownclosure.
MeanConiferDBH: ≥18cm
Understory: ≥30%groundcoverofavailablebrowsespecies.Whennotpresent,considerinterventionsthatenhancebrowse.
ModerateWinterDeerHabitat(MWDH)SpatialCriteriaPatchSize: ≥5haofMWDHstands
≥75%oftheareainMWDHstands
≥150mminimumpatchwidth
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KeyPolicyElements:
• Tobeeligiblefortimberharvestoperations,followingconditionsmustbemet:
o DWAgreaterthan50hectaresinsize,and
o Lessthan15%oftheoriginalDWAforestareawasharvestedbetween1992to2010.DWAwith>15%harvestedbetween1992and2012becomeeligibleafter2027.
• TimberharvestinginDWAisrestrictedtoforeststandsthatare:
o DesignatedeligibleOFC/OFWHstands,orDWAstandswithoutOFC/OFWHdesignation.
o NotProtectedNaturalArea.
• Nomorethan17%oftheareaofavailableforesttypesinaDWAcanbeharvestedperperiod.WhenharvestinginselecteddesignatedOldForestCommunity(OFC)anddesignatedOld-ForestWildlifeHabitat(OFWH)stands,LicenseemustensurethatsuchharvestiswithintheperiodicLicense/ecoregiontreatablequotaforthatOFCorOFWH.
SevereWinterDeerHabitat(SWDH)StandStructureForestType:ConiferandConifer-Hardwoodstandsexcludinglarch,pine,poor-site-spruceandmostpureblacksprucetypes.
ConiferCrownClosure:≥50%(trees≥10mtall)
Note:Coniferbasalareavalueslessthan20m2/ha(trees≥10cmdbh)areunlikelytoprovide50%crownclosure.
MeanConiferDBH: ≥18cm
Understory: ≥10%groundcoverofavailablebrowsespecies.Whennotpresent,considerinterventionsthatwillenhancebrowse.
SevereWinterDeerHabitat(SWDH)SpatialCriteriaPatchSize: ≥10haofSWDHstands
≥75%oftheareainSWDHstands
≥300mminimumpatchwidth
Connectivity: Patchesshouldbeconnectedbywintertravelcorridors:conifercrownclosure≥50%;developmentstage≥immature;width≥90m.
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• BiomassharvestingwillnotbepermittedinDWAstands.
• DWAshouldbeavoidedwhenplanningandconstructingroadsexceptasrequiredtoaccessharvestableareaswithintheDWA.AtDNRrequest,Licenseesmustprovidethesite-specificrationaleforwhytheDWAcouldnotbeavoided.
• Additionally,roadsandlandingsshallnottobelocatedinstandsprovidingSWDH,orwithin
DWAthatare≤50hectaresinsize
• IfaroadisconstructedwithinDWAtheright-of-waywidthshallnotnormallyexceed20metersandtheareainroadswillbedeductedfromthedeerhabitatsupplyfortheDWA.
TheLicenseeisresponsiblefor:
• PreparingandimplementingDWAharvestconsideringtheobjectives,standardsandBMPs.
• EnsuringforestryactivitiesinDWAcomplywiththeobjectivesandthatpre/posttreatmentstandconditionsmeetminimumstructuralrequirements.
• Proposingequivalentreplacementincaseswheretherequiredpost-harveststructurewasnotachieved.
DNRisresponsiblefor:
• ProvidingthespatialinformationspecifyingthelocationofDWAontheLicense.
• ApprovingreplacementareathatmaybeproposedbytheLicensee.
WatercourseandWetlandBufferZonePolicyObjective:
WatercourseandwetlandbufferzonesareoneofthemanagementtoolsusedtoprotectwaterqualityandaquatichabitatonCrownland.Thebufferzoneprotectswaterqualityandaquatichabitatinanumberofways.Thetreesandshrubsinthebufferzonehelpmaintainthemicroclimatearoundthewatercoursebyprovidingshadeandactingasaninsulatoragainsttheextremesoftemperatureandhumidityfoundinopenareas.Theyalsoprovideorganicmaterial(leavesandwoodydebris)towatercoursesandwetlandsthatisasourceofnutrientsandhabitatstructuresforanimals.Largertreeswithcavitiesmayprovidenestingsitesforcavitynestingwaterfowlandotherspecies.Theforestfloorwithinthebufferfunctionsasadepositionzonewheresediment,originatingfromareaswithexposedsoilandtransportedviaoverlandflow,maybedepositedbeforereachingthewatercourse.Bufferzonesworktoprotectwaterqualityandaquatichabitatbothbeforeandafteroperationshaveoccurred.WatercoursebufferzonesonCrownAnglingLeases,CanadianHeritageRivers,andotherwaterwaysofhigh-recreationalusemustalsocontinuetoprovideaestheticandrecreationalvaluebeforeandafterharvestoperations.
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KeyPolicyElements:
• On-the-groundconditionswilldictateappropriateactionwhenworkingnearwater.
• WatercourseandwetlandbufferzoneswillbeappliedtoforestryoperationsasperTables1&2.
• Timberharvestingmayoccurwithinappropriatebufferzonesaslongasthepartialharvesttreatmentmaintainsbufferzonefunctionovertime.AllrequirementsoftheCleanWaterAct,itsregulations,termsandconditionsmustbemet.
• Mineralsoilexposedthroughforestryoperationswiththepotentialtoenteranaturalwatercoursewillbestabilizedimmediately.
• Novehiclewilltravelthroughorinanaturalwatercourse.
Table1.Standardsapplicabletoallwatercourseandwetlandfeatures
Feature
BankSlope
NoTrackingZone(m)
Buffer(m)
BufferZoneTimberHarvesting
1 NaturalWatercoursewithcontinuousfloworwithadiscerniblechannel≥0.5metreswide
or
Wetlands≥1ha(excludingforestedwetlands)orwetlands(excludingforestedwetlands)thatareassociatedwithanaturalwatercoursethatmeetsthecriteriain1.
<25% 15 30 Partialharvestingispermittedbeyond7metersfromthewatercourse.
≥25% 30 30 Timberharvestingisnotpermitted.
2 Naturalwatercourse<0.5metreswideandwithoutcontinuousflow.
7 7 Allmerchantabletreescanbeharvestedwithinthe7meterbufferzone.
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2b Wetlands<1ha(excludingforestedwetlands)andnotassociatedwithanaturalwatercoursemeetingthecriteriain1.***
7***
7
Allmerchantabletreescanbeharvestedwithinthe7meterbufferzone.
***exception:wetlandsincludedin2bthatare<0.5haandthataredominatedbysphagnum,sparsestuntedtrees,andshrubs(associatedwithBlacksprucesites)donotrequirea7mno-trackingzone.
Table2.SpecialFeatureBuffers
SpecialFeature
BankSlope
NoTrackingZone(m)
Buffer(m)
BufferZoneTimberHarvesting
4 Coldwaterinputsandrefuge(DNR)
na 30 30 Timberharvestingisnotpermitted.
5 ProvinciallySignificantWetlands(DENV)
na 30 30 Timberharvestingisnotpermitted.
6 High-useRecreationalWaters(DNR)
<25% 15 60 Partialharvestingispermittedbeyond15metersfromthewatercourse.
≥25% 30 60 Partialharvestingisbeyond30metersfromthewatercourse.
7 WatersofSpecialInterest(DNR)
• Significantvernalpools na 15 30 Partialharvestingispermitted.
• Significantspawningareas(DNR)
• Brooktroutlakes(DNR)
na 60 60
Partialharvestingispermittedbeyond60metersfromthewatercourse.
• ArcticcharandLaketroutlakes(DNR)
na 60 90
8 DesignatedWatersheds(DENV) <25% 15 75 TimberharvestingispermittedasperDENVlegislativeframework.
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Table2.SpecialFeatureBuffers
SpecialFeature
BankSlope
NoTrackingZone(m)
Buffer(m)
BufferZoneTimberHarvesting
≥25% 30 75 Partialharvestingispermittedbeyond30metersfromthewatercourse.
9 CrownReserveAnglingandLeaseWaters(DNR)
na 30 90 Partialharvestingispermittedbeyond30metersfromthewatercourse.
10 CanadianHeritageRivers
RestigoucheRiver na 60 150 Partialharvestingispermittedbeyond60metersfromthewatercourse.
St.CroixRiver na 60 75&100
11 SpecialAgreementWaters(DNR)
PeltomaLake
(designatedsection)
na 30 200 Partialharvestingispermittedbeyond30metersfromthewatercourse.
LowerNorthBranchLittleSouthwestMiramichiRiver
(designatedsection)
na 500 500 Timberharvestingisnotpermitted.
TheLicenseeisresponsiblefor:
• Bufferzonesadjacenttoallqualifyingnaturalwatercoursesandwetlandsencounteredduringharvesting operations as per Tables 1 & 2, the requirements of the Clean Water Act, itsregulations,termsandconditions.
• Recognizingthefollowingsituationsduringharvestingoperationsandadjustingbufferzonesand/orforestryprescriptionsasnecessarytomeetidentifiedobjectives:
o Landformandforestconditionsthatcouldcompromisetheabilityofthebufferzonetoachievethemanagementoutcomes.
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o Situationswhereimplementingforestryactivitiesinthebufferzonewillcompromisethemanagementoutcomes.
• ObtainingDNRapprovalforadjustmentstobufferzonesthatdeviatefromstandards.
TheGovernmentisresponsiblefor:
• Reviewingandapprovingadjustmentstobufferzonesthatdeviatefromstandards.
ManagementofQualityTolerantHardwoodForestsObjective:
QualitytoleranthardwooddominatedstandsinthegeneralforestwillbemanagedonCrownlandstomaximizethelong-termsupplyofhighqualityhardwoodlogs.Highvaluepotentialtreesintheover-story(wherepresent)willbepromotedasaprimaryobjective.Regenerationofhighqualitytoleranthardwoodspeciesistheexpectationforalltheseareas.
KeyPolicyElements:
• Toleranthardwoodisconsidereddominantwhen>50%ofstandvolume.Thespeciesoffocusforthispolicyinclude:sugarmaple,yellowbirch,oaks,andashes;withconsiderationgiventoAmericanbeechandredmaple.Americanbeechisnotfavoredforpromotionorregenerationexceptwheretreesdisplayclearresistancetothebeechscalediseasecomplex.Redmapleisaubiquitousspeciesofintermediateshadetoleranceandquality:itsvolumecanbetabulatedtowardsthetotaltoamaximumof10%andonlywhenassociatedwithotherhighqualityspecies.
• Qualitypotentialstands should receive a prescriptionunique to their developmentandcondition.
• On-the-groundconditionsshoulddrivequalitytoleranthardwoodmanagement.TargetedOutcomes:
• Immaturecroptreesandregenerationofpotentialhigh-qualityhavebeenpromotedwhereverpossibleandaregrowinginanimprovedstand.
• Thecompositionoffocusspeciesisimprovedinthepost-harvestregeneration.
• Atthelandscapelevel,avarietyoftreatmentsarematchedtoappropriateconditions.
• Atthelandscapelevel,asustainablesupplyofhigh-qualitysaw-materialisbeingachieved.
• Theareaofthequalitytoleranthardwoodforestisbeingmaintained.
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TheGovernmentisresponsiblefor:
• VerifyingaccuratereportingofcompletedtreatmentsintheAnnualReport.
TheLicenseeisresponsiblefor:
• Formulatingprescriptions.
• Controllingharvestoperationstoensuretreatmentsareappropriateandareimplementedproperly.
• Submittingtreatmentresultsasrequiredintheannualreport.
ScaleandUtilizationObjective:
• AccurateandconsistentmeasurementofprimaryforestproductsharvestedfromCrownland.
• AccountingofwoodmeasurementandmovementofharvestedprimaryforestproductsfromCrownland.
• AccurateandtimelyreportingofharvestedprimaryforestproductsfromCrownland.
• Productsareproducedsothattimberofaspecificsizeandqualityisdirectedtoallocatedmillsinafairandequitablemanner.
KeyPolicyElements:AdherencetotheScalingandUtilizationPolicywill:
• Ensurethatappropriatemethodsareusedtomeasureprimaryforestproducts.
• EnsurethatproductandvolumeinformationisaccuratelyreportedforwoodharvestedfromCrownLands.
• AccuratelydescribethemovementofprimaryforestproductsfromCrownlandtothefinalmilldestinationtoenableanaccurateaccountingofallwoodharvestedfromCrownland.
• Minimizetheamountofwastewoodfibreinharvestingandprocessingoperations.
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TheLicenseeisresponsiblefor:
• Reportingspecies/productvolume,origin,destinationandtransportationdetailsaccordingtoappropriatestandards.
• EnsuringthatoperatorsunderstandandfollowDNRutilizationstandards.TheDNRisresponsiblefor:
• Approvalofscalingarrangements.
• AuditingtheLicenseereportingofmeasurement,movement,anddeliveryofCrowntimber.
Operations–RoadsObjective:
TheobjectiveforforestroadsistoprovidesafeaccesstoCrownLandwhilemaintainingwaterqualityandaquatichabitat.Primarily,forestroadsarebuiltandmaintainedtoaccessandtransportCrowntimberandtofacilitateotherforestmanagementandforestprotectionactivities.Forestroadsalsoprovideaccessforprivatewoodlotowners,recreationalusersandotherindustrialusers.KeyPolicyElements:
• Forestroadsandwatercoursecrossingsareconstructed,installedandmaintainedtoacceptedsafetyandenvironmentalstandards.
• AportionoftheforestroadnetworkoneachLicensehasbeen“designated”,mutuallybythe
LicenseeandDNR,toprovidetheprimaryaccesstoCrownLandoneachLicense.
• DesignatedRoadsprovidethebasicforestroadnetworkforaccessingCrownLandandwillbebuilt,maintainedandkeptpassabletomutuallyagreeablestandards.
• TheDesignatedRoaddatabasewillbereviewedannually.
TheLicenseeisresponsiblefor:
• Ensuringthatconstruction,maintenanceandwatercoursecrossinginstallationactivitiescomplywithallpertinentActsandRegulations.
• Designingandconstructingroadsandwatercoursecrossingstomeetrequirementsand
recognizehazards,sensitiveterrainandforestresourcevalues.
• Designingandadaptingmeasurestominimizepotentialenvironmentalimpacts.
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• Monitoringtheconstructiontoensuretheobjectivesarebeingmet.
• Creatingandmaintainingaprioritizeddatabaseofenvironmental,safetyand/orliabilityissues
associatedwithforestroads.
• Submittingroadconstruction,maintenanceandwatercoursecrossinginstallationinformationasrequiredintheAnnualReport,orasagreedmutuallybytheLicenseeandDNR.
TheGovernmentisresponsiblefor:
• VerifyingaccuratereportingofcompletedtreatmentsintheAnnualReport.
Operations–SilvicultureObjective:Growthratesinplantations,pre-commercialthinnings,andcommercialthinnings(collectivelytermed‘managedstands’)areacriticalcomponenttothewoodsupply,andmorebroadlytheFMP.TheLicenseeisaccountableforthesilvicultureareareimbursedandperformanceexpectationssetforthintheFMP.KeyPolicyElements:
• SilvicultureontheLicensemustbecarriedoutinawaythatwillprovidethevolumeandproductsofwoodthatareexpectedtocontributetothesustainablewoodsupplyoutlinedintheforestmanagementplan.
• Averagegrowthrates(bystandtype)mustbeontrackoverafiveyearperiodtoprovidingtheproductandvolumeexpectationssetforthintheforestmanagementplan.
• Silviculturallytreatedareas(plantations,pre-commercialthinnings,andplantationcleanings)ontheLicensemustbeassessedinaccordancewithdefinedperformanceexpectations.
TheLicenseeisresponsiblefor:
• CarryingoutsilvicultureontheLicenseinawaythatwillachievethevolumeandproductsexpectedintheforestmanagementplan.
• Implementingcorrectiveandpreventiveactionswheremajordiscrepanciesarefoundduringthe
assessment.
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• ProvidingDNRwitha5-YearSilviculturePerformanceAssessmentReportthatincludestheresultsofannualperformanceassessmentsalongwithallcorrectiveandpreventiveactionplansthatweredevelopedduringthe5yearperiod.
TheGovernmentisresponsiblefor:
• SettingannualreimbursementratesandtheLicensesilviculturebudget.
AnnualReportTheAnnualReportprovidesasummaryofactivitiesthatwerecarriedoutontheLicenseduringthepreviousyearandisthebasisforupdatingthespatialforestdatabase.TheAnnualReportservesasastatusreportonimplementationoftheFMPandisusedbyDNRandthirdpartyauditorsaspartoftheevaluationofLicenseeperformance.KeyPolicyElements:
• TheAnnualReportdescribesactivitiesthatoccureachoperatingyearbetweenApril1andMarch31inclusivelyandmustbesubmittedbyJune1steachyear.
• MapsandattributesmaybesubmittedtoDNRperiodicallythroughtheyearonaninterim-basis.Theend-of-yearsubmissionwillbeconsideredauthoritativeforthepurposesofLicenseeperformanceevaluation.
• TheAnnualReportwillcontainthefollowingsections:
o RoadsandWatercourseCrossingso Harvesto Silvicultureo FishandWildlife(includingsite-specifichabitats)o ThirdPartyForestCertificationReportso ReportonrelevantAnnualCrownForestManagementIndicators(Schedule“G”)o FinancialAccountabilityReport
TheLicenseeisresponsiblefor:
• ThecompilationandsubmissionoftheAnnualReportforforestryactivitiesonCrownLand.TheGovernmentisresponsiblefor:
• EnsuringthattheProvincialforestdatabaseisupdatedtoreflectreportedforestryactivitiesinatimelyfashion.
• VerifyingthatthereportedactivitiesareconsistentwiththeFMPobjectives.
• SummarizinginformationforProvincialpolicydecisionmakingandNationalreportingrequirements.
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FinancialReport
ForestmanagementactivityonaCrownTimberLicensebetweenDNRandtheLicenseeoccursinthreebroadclassesoftransactions:
• Royalty–thefairmarketvalueofthetimberharvestedasdeterminedthroughperiodicsurveyoftheprivatemarketplaceforequivalentproducts.
• SilvicultureExpenses-reimbursementtoLicenseesforconductingbasicsilviculturetreatmentsinaccordancewiththeFMP,theannualsilviculturebudget,andDNR’sscheduleofreimbursementrates.
• LicenseForestManagementServiceFees–reimbursementtoLicenseesforspecificrequestedmanagementservicesundertakenattherequestof,andonbehalfofDNR.
OnanannualbasistheLicenseewillreportonandreconciletheserevenues,costs,andservices.
AccountabilityUndertheActDNRevaluatesLicenseeforestmanagementperformanceatfive-yearintervals.TheevaluationresultsareusedinDNR’sdecisiontoextendthelengthoftheFMA.Theevaluationisbasedonapredeterminedsetofgoals,objectives,indicatorsandoutcomesrevisedeveryfiveyears.
Thedocument,entitledPerformanceEvaluationStandardsformsSchedule“G”oftheFMA.
Objective:
ToputinplaceastrengthenedframeworkthatholdsLicenseestoaccountfordeliveringuponkeycommitmentssetforthintheFMP.Theforest-leveloutcomesoftheirmanagementeffortswillbeevaluatedagainstkeyperformanceindicators(KPIs)thatspanenvironmental,economic,andsocietalthemes.TheseKPIsarethebasisforLicenseeperformanceevaluation;withsignificantdeterrencefornon-compliancetoDNR’sexpectedoutcomes.
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KeyPrinciples:
• ThisnewframeworkforindustrialforestmanagementoperationsonCrownlandsstillrequiresfullconformancewithallFederalandProvinciallegislation.
• OversightofindustrycomplianceisacoreGovernmentfunction.DirectandfairmeasurementofLicenseesuccessindeliveringsustainableforestmanagement(SFM)outcomesisakeyelementoftheForestManagementAgreement.
• LicenseesmustmaintainingoodstandingthirdpartySFMcertificationfromeithertheSustainableForestryInitiative(SFI),ortheForestStewardshipCouncil(FSC)inadditiontocertificationfromtheInternationalStandardsOrganization’s(ISO)environmentalmanagementstandard–14001.
• Thebodyconductingthecertificationmustbeaccreditedandmutuallyagreed-uponbyboththeLicenseeandDNR.
• DesignatedDNRstaffwillbeembeddedintoallinternalandexternalSFMauditprocess–inthefieldauditsbeingconductedforbothISOandSFI.Thesestaffwillbecomepartoflicensemanagementreviews,andwillbeinvolvedindevelopmentofactionplansrelatedtoCrownlandmanagement.
• Thethirdpartyauditprocesswillidentifyandreportonnon-compliancestooutcomesbasedon:o Historyofpreviousoccurrenceso Frequencyo Severity(impactonenvironmentand/orwoodsupply)o Permanenceofdamage
Goal
Objective2
OutcomesObjective1 KPI1.2
OutcomesKPI1.3
OutcomesKPI1.1
OutcomesKPI2.1
OutcomesKPI2.2
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o Negligenceorperformancemanagementissueso Processofdetermination(self-reportingorother)
• Findingsofthethirdpartyauditorswillbeusedtomeasuresuccessagainstmany(butnotall)of
DNR’sgoals,objectives,andoutcomes.
• AuditreportswillbeaccessibleontheDNRandLicenseewebsitesandwillclearlyindicatethestatusofeachKPI,andanyotherpertinentinformation.
OpportunitiesforImprovementandNon-Conformances:
Opportunitiesforimprovement-issuesthethirdpartyauditorsrecommendthattheLicenseeconsiderimprovingintheirmanagementprocesses.
FailuretomeetDNR’sSFMoutcomescanoccuratvaryinglevelswithinaLicenseeorganization’sprocesses.
• Minornon-conformance–incidentsofprocessfailurethathaveledtounfulfilledoutcomes.Complianceactionplansrequiredtobettercontrolprocess.Environmentaloreconomicdamageincurredsubjecttocorrectiveactionwithinareasonabletimeperiod.
• Majornon-conformance–lackofprocesscontrolrelatedtoanexpectedSFMoutcomeorlackofprogressonacomplianceactionplanfromapreviouslyissuedminornon-conformance.
WhileprocessimprovementisaviableoptionforpursingallSFMoutcomes,certaininstancesoffailuretoachieveintendedoutcomeswillalsorequirecorrectiveactionandenvironmentalremediation.Licenseeswillberequiredtoaddressallknownincidents.MutuallyagreeablecorrectiveactionplanswillbedevelopedbyLicensees.Correctiveactionplanswillprovideareasonabletimeperiodtoaddresstheissue.TheLicenseewillbearthefinancialburdenofcorrectiveactionplans.
Security:
TheLicenseewillberequiredtoprovidesecurityensuringthattheminimumperformancethresholdsagreeduponforeachKPIoutlinedinthePerformanceEvaluationStandardsareachieved.Thisisnotintendedtobeapunitivefinancialmechanismforautomatically“fining”minornon-conformances.AclaimmaybemadeagainstthesecuritybytheMinisteronlyintheeventaLicenseefailstoaddressanon-conformanceorfailstoimplementanagreeduponcorrectiveactionplanwithintheprescribedtimelines,andfailstopaytheMinisteranycorrespondingamountowingasaresultofsuchfailure.
Licenseesarerequiredtofurnishabond,irrevocableletterofcreditorotherequivalentcashsecurityacceptabletotheMinister,actingreasonably,whichsecuritywillbeinanamountcalculatedbasedon$3.00perhectareofLicensearea.Therequirementforthesecuritywillbereviewedevery5-yearperiodduringthetermoftheFMA.TheMinistermayreducethevalueofrequiredsecurityintheeventthatduringthepreceding5-yearperiod:(i)therehasbeennochangeincontroloftheLicensee,
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and(ii)theLicenseehasdemonstrated,tothesatisfactionoftheMinister,theircompliancewiththerequirementsundertheiroperatingplan,managementplanandindustrialplan.TheMinistermayincreasethevalueofrequiredsecurityintheeventthatduringthepreceding5-yearperiodtheLicenseehasnotdemonstrated,tothesatisfactionoftheMinister,theircompliancewiththerequirementsundertheiroperatingplan,managementplanandindustrialplan.
Within60daysaftertheendoftheapplicablereportingperiod(usuallyfiveyears,butinsomeinstancesthereportingperiodmaybeoneyearforsomeKPIs),theMinisterwillreviewtheLicensee’sperformanceandadvisetheLicenseeinwriting(withaKPINotice)ifitbelievestheLicenseefailedtosatisfytheminimumperformancethresholdforeachapplicableKPI;failingwhichtheLicenseewillbedeemedtohavesatisfiedtheapplicableKPI.Within60daysfollowingreceiptofaKPINotice,thepartieswillmeetandagreeonthespecificfailure(s)andtheLicensee’scorrectiveactionplantomitigatetheeffectofanysuchfailure(s).TheLicenseewillhaveuntiltheendofthenextreportingpertainingtothatKPItosuccessfullyimplementthecorrectiveactionplan.IntheeventtheLicenseefailstousereasonableeffortstoimplementthecorrectiveactionplan,theMinistermay,uponprovidingtheLicenseewithatleast60dayspriorwrittennotice,requiretheLicenseetopaytheMinisteranamountequaltothedirectlossresultingfromtheLicensee’sfailuretosatisfytheminimumperformancethresholdfortheapplicableKPI(the“ClaimAmount”);providedsuchfailureremainsoutstandingattheendofsuch60-dayperiod.Subjecttoadisputemadeingoodfaith,iftheLicenseefailstomakepaymentoftheClaimAmountwithin30days,theMinistermaymakeaclaimunderthesecurity,asapplicable,astheMinister’ssoleandexclusiveremedyforsuchfailure.
TheClaimAmountwillbedeterminedbytheMinister,actingreasonably.Allreasonableback-upinformationandcalculationswillbeprovidedbytheMinistertotheLicenseeinsupportofsuchclaim.IntheeventtheLicenseedisputestheClaimAmountandsuchdisputecannotbesettledbythepartiesthemselves,thepartiesshall,unlessotherwiseagreed,subjectthemattertoarbitrationbyasinglearbitrator.ThearbitrationwillbeseatedintheCityofFredericton,NewBrunswickunderthelawsofNewBrunswickinaccordancewiththeArbitrationAct(NB).ThelanguageofthearbitrationwillbeEnglish.Thecostofthearbitrationwillbesharedequallybetweentheparties.
BreachofResults-BasedForestryOption:
Results-basedforestryisacriticalelementtheoverallFMA.Subjecttoallapplicablecureperiods,theLicenseewillbeconsideredinmaterialbreachoftheirobligationsundertheresults-basedforestryoptioninanyofthefollowingcircumstances:
• Failuretousereasonableeffortstoimplementamitigationplantoremedyathirdpartyauditfindingindicatingamajornon-conformancerelatedtoaKPIoroutcome;or
• ThelossofthirdpartySFMcertificationundereithertheSFIorFSC,andfailuretousereasonableeffortstoregainsuchthirdpartySFMcertificationwithinareasonableperiodoftime.
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CommitmenttoContinuousImprovementForestmanagementpracticesonCrownlandswillevolveovertimethroughefficiencyandqualityimprovementsandthroughdevelopmentofnewtechnologies.ALicensee’scommitmenttoprocessimprovementisapre-requisiteforparticipationinresults-basedLicensemanagement.Processimprovementwillbethemodelforthedevelopmentandevolutionofbest-managementpractices,standardoperatingprocedures,andregulatoryoversight.Overtime,landmanagementcoststoGovernmentandindustrymustdecrease;productivitymustincrease;allwhileenvironmentalvaluesaremaintained.
KeyPolicyElements:
• TheLicenseewillmaintainanenvironmentalmanagementsystem,auditedindependently,towhichDNRhascompleteaccessandtransparencyofinformation.
• TheLicenseeandDNRwillundertakejointprocessimprovementinitiativesasneededtoachievemutuallybeneficialcostsavingsandtobetterachievedesiredoutcomesforCrownforestmanagement.
TheLicenseeisresponsiblefor:
• DevelopmentofbestmanagementpracticesandstandardoperatingproceduresforCrownforestmanagementinco-operationwithDNR.
• ExercisingprocesscontroloveralloperationsthatcouldsignificantlyimpactCrownforestmanagementobjectives.
• IntegrationofbestmanagementpracticesintooperationsonCrownland.
TheGovernmentisresponsiblefor:
• DevelopmentofbestmanagementpracticesandstandardoperatingproceduresforCrownforestmanagementincooperationwiththeLicensee.