Design principles. Design principles are ways of arranging or organising design elements.
Forest design principles - Forestry Commission...
Transcript of Forest design principles - Forestry Commission...
1
Forest design principles
The forest design principles in the Guidelines are:
• Shape• Landform• Pattern of enclosure• Scale, proportion• Visual diversity• Unity• Spirit of place.
UKFS Guidelines: Forests and Landscape
2
Forest design principles
We have already seen how shape influences landscape character, through landform and patterns of vegetation, for example
We have discussed the relationship between shape and three dimensional form, especially landform
The shapes are often what you notice first when looking at a landscape, including when looking at forests and woodlands.
Shape
3
Forest design principles
Where do you find shapes in the forest?
4
Forest design principles
Shape of the forest edges should relate to the dominant characteristics of the landscape character
These could be:
• Landform - rugged or smooth• Field pattern - often geometric• Natural vegetation pattern - irregular or geometric.
Shape
5
Forest design principles
Shape
6
Forest design principles
Shape
7
Forest design principles
Shape
8
Forest design principles
Shape
9
Forest design principles
Shape
10
Forest design principles
Shape
11
Forest design principles
Shape
12
Forest design principles
Shape
13
Forest design principles
Shape
In upland landscapes:
• Landform dominates
• The broad shapes of the hills, ridges and gullies will be influential
• Landform shape can be boldly rounded or rugged
• Vegetation pattern is generally irregular
• Shapes are generally organic and naturalistic.
14
Forest design principles
Shape
15
Forest design principles
In lowland landscapes:
• Enclosure and field vegetation pattern may dominate - especially where relief is low and topography subdued
• Landform is often smooth, but can be irregular, with more complex tiers and rocky outcrops
• Vegetation pattern is frequently geometric and regular
• Shapes can be regular and ordered.
Shape
16
Forest design principles
Shape
17
Forest design principles
When designing forests, we frequently work between plans and perspectives
We can pick up clues about the shape of the landform from contours on plans
These can be particularly useful when designing the shape of woodlands in upland landscapes.
Shape
18
Forest design principles
Shape - avoid edges which sit along a contour
19
Forest design principles
Shape - avoid edges which sit along a contour
20
Forest design principles
Shape - avoid edges at right angles to contours
21
Forest design principles
Shape - avoid edges at right angles to contours
22
Forest design principles
Shape - edges should cross contours diagonally
23
Forest design principles
Shape - edges should cross contours diagonally
24
Forest design principles
Shape - parallel lines
25
Forest design principles
Shape - parallel lines
26
Forest design principles
Shape - Fencelines
It is not just the shape of the outer edge of the forest you need to design
You also need to think about the shape of the fenceline, especially where it is likely that woodland will regenerate against the fence.
27
Forest design principles
Shape - Fencelines
28
Forest design principles
Shape - Fencelines
29
Forest design principles
Shape - Exercise 3: Crossing contours
Individually…
Identify potential shape problems in this fenceline
Analyse the shape of the fenceline against the contours.
30
Forest design principles
Shape - Exercise 3: Tutor’s response
31
Forest design principles
Using shape - Summary
Identify dominant shape characteristics - it will normally be landform or enclosure pattern
Where enclosure patterns dominate and landform is subdued or relief is low, geometric shapes may be best
Elsewhere, it is likely irregular shapes are going to work better - but they may be smooth and flowing
Think about the way all shapes relate to contours - what are the consequences in perspective?