Forest cutting and reproducing techniques 29.03 Environmental and Natural Resources I.
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Transcript of Forest cutting and reproducing techniques 29.03 Environmental and Natural Resources I.
Forest cutting and reproducing techniques
29.03 Environmental and Natural Resources I
Intermediate Cuttings
• Cuttings made between reproduction and harvest in a forest– Thinning– Liberation– Sanitation– Salvage– Removal of undesirable trees– Prescription Burning
Intermediate Cuttings
• The different types of cuttings are dependent upon:– Climate– Tree species– Owner and manager objectives
Thinning
• When only some of the trees in the stand are removed
• Reduces the competition for essential needs from other trees
Liberation
• Removal of the taller, dominant trees from a stand
Sanitation
• Cutting that removes the injured, diseased, or insect-infested trees from the stand
Salvage
• Cutting that involves removal of trees that are dead or damaged by storms, construction, etc.
Removal
• Removal of undesirable trees involves removing trees that could be compared to weeds– Forked trees– Crooked trunks– Pine trees in a
hardwood stand
Prescription Burning
• Controlled burning of the undergrowth in a forest
Harvest Cuttings
• Selective Cutting
• Shelterwood Cutting
• Seed-tree Cutting
• Coppice Cutting
• Clear Cutting
Selective Cutting
• Individual trees are selected for harvest based on maturity, size, species, etc.
• Goals are to produce an income and a better timber yield
Shelterwood Cutting
• Harvesting a mature forest in two or three stages
Seed-tree Cutting
• The entire stand is removed except for a few of the best trees that are left to produce seeds
Coppice Cutting
• Similar to seed-tree cutting
• Rather than remaining trees providing seed, the remaining trees develop root suckers to produce new trees
Clear Cutting
• All the trees in a stand are harvested at one time
• Most economical and most controversial
Reproducing the Forest
• Natural Seeding
• Direct Seeding
• Cuttings
• Plant Seedlings
Natural Seeding
• Allowing trees to naturally reseed to produce new growth
• Economical• Least amount of
control by the forest manager
Direct Seeding
• Applying tree seeds directly to the desired area
• Can be done by:– Hand– Seed spreaders– Grain drills– Aircraft
Cuttings
• Cuttings can be taken from existing trees, allowed to root, and then planted
Plant Seedlings
• Planting a nursery-produced seedling– More labor and
expensive– Allows complete
control over reproduction
– Tends to get results quickly
Plant Seedling Continued
– Some states offer government rebates to landowners who reforest their land after harvest
– The most certain and quickest way to reproduce trees