forest and biodiversity final

8/7/2019 forest and biodiversity final

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FOFOREST &REST &BIOBIODIVERSITYDIVERSITY

COCONSERVATIONNSERVATION


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ForestsForests Total forest cover of India isTotal forest cover of India is 678,333678,333

i.ei.e,, 23.64%23.64% of total geographic areaof total geographic area

Total forest cover of the world isTotal forest cover of the world is31%.31%.

13 million hectares13 million hectares of worlds forestof worlds forest

are lost each yearare lost each year Deforestation = 15% of all greenhouseDeforestation = 15% of all greenhouse

gas emissions globallygas emissions globally


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The livelihoods of 1.6 billion peopleThe livelihoods of 1.6 billion peopledepend on forests.depend on forests.

Forests provide a home to more thanForests provide a home to more than300 million people worldwide.300 million people worldwide.

The total global trade in forestThe total global trade in forestproducts was valued at around $379products was valued at around $379

billion in 2005.billion in 2005.

Forests are home to 80% of terrestrialForests are home to 80% of terrestrialbiodiversitybiodiversity


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Forest assessment reportForest assessment report


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Importance of forestsImportance of forestsWATERSHED PROTECTIONWATERSHED PROTECTION::

Forests reduce the rate of surface runForests reduce the rate of surface run--

off of water.off of water. They prevent and check flash floodsThey prevent and check flash floods

and soil erosion.and soil erosion.

They produce prolonged gradual runThey produce prolonged gradual run--off and hence are a safeguard againstoff and hence are a safeguard againstdraught.draught.


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ATMOSPHERIC REGULATIONATMOSPHERIC REGULATION

Forests help in absorption of solar heatForests help in absorption of solar heatduring evaporation and transpiration.during evaporation and transpiration.

They help in maintaining carbonThey help in maintaining carbondioxide level and hence give a boost todioxide level and hence give a boost toplant growth.plant growth.

The help in maintaining the localThe help in maintaining the localclimatic conditions and hence helpclimatic conditions and hence help

fight climate changefight climate change


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EROSION CONTROLEROSION CONTROL

They control the erosion of soil. TheyThey control the erosion of soil. Theyhold soil by preventing rain fromhold soil by preventing rain fromwashing and taking it away directly.washing and taking it away directly.

LAND BANKLAND BANK

They help maintain the soil nutrients andThey help maintain the soil nutrients and

structures. This way, they keep the localstructures. This way, they keep the localnature of soil intact and help innature of soil intact and help inmarinating their fertility naturally.marinating their fertility naturally.


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LOCAL USE

Livelihood for tribal and villagersLivelihood for tribal and villagers

Cattle grazingCattle grazing

Fuel and CharcoalFuel and Charcoal Wood and its ProductsWood and its Products

Medicinal plantsMedicinal plants

Rubber and other commercialRubber and other commercialproductsproducts


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Causes of DeforestationCauses of Deforestation Used for Urban and ConstructionUsed for Urban and Construction

PurposesPurposes

To Grow CropsTo Grow Crops

To Create Grazing LandTo Create Grazing Land

Used for FuelUsed for Fuel

Oil and mining exploitationOil and mining exploitation

To make highways and roadsTo make highways and roads

Wildfires and acid rainWildfires and acid rain


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Effects of DeforestationEffects of Deforestation

Erosion of SoilErosion of Soil

Disruption of theWater CycleDisruption of theWater Cycle

Loss of BiodiversityLoss of Biodiversity Flooding and DroughtFlooding and Drought

Climate ChangeClimate Change


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Alarming SituationAlarming Situation


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Steps taken by theSteps taken by the GovtGovt Formulation of a NationalWildlifeFormulation of a NationalWildlifeAction PlanAction Plan

An exercise for preparation of aAn exercise for preparation of aNational Forestry Action ProgrammeNational Forestry Action Programme

Establishment of National Parks andEstablishment of National Parks andSanctuaries covering about 4% of theSanctuaries covering about 4% of the

country's area.country's area. EcoEco--development plans for sanctuariesdevelopment plans for sanctuaries

and National Parksand National Parks


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Management Plans for identifiedManagement Plans for identifiedwetlands, mangrove areas and coralwetlands, mangrove areas and coralreefsreefs

Implementation of the Forest Rights Act,Implementation of the Forest Rights Act,20062006

JairamJairam RameshRamesh launches villagelaunches village--levellevelGreen India MissionGreen India Mission

Identification of bioIdentification of bio --geographical zonesgeographical zonesin the country for establishing a networkin the country for establishing a networkofofprotected areas including sevenprotected areas including sevenBiosphere Reserves set up so far.Biosphere Reserves set up so far.


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Steps taken by WWESteps taken by WWE The Amazon eco utility ProjectThe Amazon eco utility Project The Greenpeace policy on savingThe Greenpeace policy on saving

forests to protect the climateforests to protect the climate Forest Footprint Disclosure ProjectForest Footprint Disclosure Project Zero Net DeforestationZero Net Deforestation Sustainable forestrySustainable forestry

DRC government decision to suspendDRC government decision to suspendoil exploration in world heritage siteoil exploration in world heritage siteVirungaVirunga


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Upcoming IssuesUpcoming Issues

Forest CertificationForest Certification

Industrial Logging in Tropical ForestsIndustrial Logging in Tropical Forests

Certifying Palm OilCertifying Palm Oil BioBio--energyenergy


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BIOBIODIVERSITYDIVERSITY

NumberVarietyVariability

changeone location to anotherover time.

within specieswithin species(genetic diversity),(genetic diversity),between speciesbetween species(species diversity),(species diversity),

between ecosystemsbetween ecosystems(ecosystem diversity).(ecosystem diversity).


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ECOECOSYSTEMSYSTEM


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ImporImportancetanceEcosystem servicesEcosystem servicesSoils formation and protectionSoils formation and protectionNutrient storage and recyclingNutrient storage and recyclingPollution breakdown and absorptionPollution breakdown and absorptionContribution to climate stabilityContribution to climate stabilityMaintenance of ecosystemsMaintenance of ecosystems

Recovery from unpredictable eventsRecovery from unpredictable eventsBiological resourcesBiological resourcesFoodFoodMedicinal resources and pharmaceutical drugsMedicinal resources and pharmaceutical drugsWood productsWood productsOrnamental plantsOrnamental plantsBreeding stocks, population reservoirsBreeding stocks, population reservoirsFuture resourcesFuture resourcesDiversity in genes, species and ecosystemsDiversity in genes, species and ecosystemsSocial benefitsSocial benefits

Research, education and monitoringResearch, education and monitoringRecreation and tourismRecreation and tourismCultural valuesCultural values


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Cause Of Depletion

Conversion of land to agriculture,Conversion of land to agriculture,UUrban sprawl & infrastructure developmentrban sprawl & infrastructure developmentOverOver--exploitation of natural resourcesexploitation of natural resources


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Effects

BiomagnificationLoss of soil fertilitySoil and water pollutionShrinking of natural habitat

EcologicalEcological imbalance & Extinctionimbalance & Extinction

Genetic pollutionAltered nutrient cyclesCatastrophic event


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EEnvironnvironmental Orgsmental Orgs

Conservation & ResearchConservation & ResearchProtection & restorationProtection & restoration


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EEnvironnvironmental Orgsmental Orgs

Conservation & ResearchConservation & ResearchProtection & restorationProtection & restoration


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EnvEnv.. Org IndiaOrg IndiaMinistry of Environment and ForestsMinistry of Environment and Forestso Subordinate offices

oBotanical Survey of India (BSI), Kolkatao Directorate of Forest Education (DFE), Dehradun

o Forest Survey of India (FSI), Dehraduno Indira Gandhi National ForestAcademy (IGNFA), Dehraduno National Institute ofAnimalWelfareo National Zoological Park (NZP), New Delhio Zoological Survey of India (ZSI), Kolkata

o Autonomous institutionso Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB), Delhio Central Zoo Authority (CZA), New Delhi

o NGOsAwaaz Foundation


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RecenRecentt ActivitiesActivitiesIndia launches major new study for valuation of its natural capital andecosystem services.

Satoyama, Convention on Biological Diversity, Nagoya.

Taxonomy Capacity Building: Indian Initiative.

National BiodiversityAction Plan

India and the Convention on Biological Diversity

Statement by Minister at the High Level Meeting of the GeneralAssemblyon Biodiversity

Biodiversity Target: India's Contributions

India's Fourth National Report to the Convention on Biological Diversity

Geneva Ministerial Biodiversity Call for Immediate ActionNamaskar - the Infli ht Ma azine ofAir India on Biolo ical Diversit


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StatsStats & Laws& Laws

One of the 12 mega biodiversity

65 per cent of the total geographical area has been surveyed so far.65 per cent of the total geographical area has been surveyed so far.

overover 46,00046,000 species of plants andspecies of plants and 81,00081,000 species of animalsspecies of animalsaccording to Botanical Survey of India (BSI) established in 1890according to Botanical Survey of India (BSI) established in 1890

Conservation:Conservation: 85 national parks and 448 wildlife to restore mammalsi.e. tiger, lion, rhinoceros, crocodiles and elephants.

Programmes for scientific management of wetlands, mangroves andcoral reef ecosystems.

33 botanical gardens 275 zoos, deer parks, safari parks and aquaria.33 botanical gardens 275 zoos, deer parks, safari parks and aquaria.

ForestAct, 1927ForestAct, 1927Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972

Forest (Conservation) Act, 1980Forest (Conservation) Act, 1980Environment Protection Act 1986.Environment Protection Act 1986.


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CaseCase StudyStudy

GEA

C ,Indian ministry forGEA

C ,Indian ministry forForest,Forest,MAHYCOMAHYCO

Cartagena Protocol ,RioCartagena Protocol ,Rio

Activists and Nature LoversActivists and Nature Lovers

Changes in feeding pattern &Changes in feeding pattern &diseasesdiseases

Resistance toResistance to KanamycinKanamycin,,antibioticantibiotic

Trials discontinuedTrials discontinued


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THANKTHANKYOUYOU

forest and biodiversity final

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