Forensics DNA Unit Test

DNA typing had its beginnings in 1985 with the work of:

Sir Alec Jeffries

DNA is made up of many monomers linked together called a _____.

Polymer

The building blocks of DNA

Nucleotides

The proteins coded for by DNA are specifically linked to the ___.

Sequence of nucleotides in the DNA of the cell

The number of bases that code for a specific amino acid?

3

The individuality of an organism is determined by:

DNA nucleotide sequence

The hereditary disease caused by a mistake in the DNA by a single base

sickle-cell anemia

Restriction enzymes do what?

cut DNA at specific sites

The laboratory procedure which allows bacteria to produce human insulin

gene splicing/recombinant DNA

Transfer of DNA fragments onto a nylon membrane

Southern blotting

What happens to DNA during gel electrophoresis?

DNA is separated by fragment size

Give three advantages for using short DNA fragments

• Their quantity can be greatly multiplied by PCR.• They are less subject to degradation.• They are more stable and less likely to break apart.

CODIS is a national system of:

Shared databases of DNA typing information from convicted felons and crime scene evidence

STR’s usually consist of repeating sequences of ___ bases.

3-7 bases.

Humans have ____pair(s) of sex chromosomes and ____ pairs of body chromosomes.

22 pairs of body chromosomes and 1 pair of sex chromosomes

RFLP typing – the steps and in the correct sequence

1. Extracted DNA cut by restriction enzymes2. Radioactive probe added3. Gel electrophoresis4. Southern blotting 5. Visualization of DNA fragments

Two identical gene pairs; HH or hh

Homozygous Dominant or Recessive

A map of a complete set of genes for a species

Genome

Describes a trait’s appearance

Phenotype

Southern blotting is used during ___ typing

RFLP Typing

Division of sex cells

meiosis

Nucleotides are the ____.

Building Blocks Of DNA

A large molecule made of many repeating units, such as DNA and proteins.

Polymer

The fundamental unit of heredity

Gene

A chromosome is a ____.

a rod-like structure in the cell nucleus along which genes are located

A change in DNA which often occurs during replication

Mutation

Used to identify the unknown soldier in Vietnam

mitochondrial DNA

Enzymes used by DNA during replication

polymerases

Enzymes that cut DNA into fragments

restriction enzymes

Process by which an electric current moves strands of DNA along a gel

gel electrophoresis

Complex molecules made of combinations of amino acids

proteins

A picture taken of the bands of DNA

autoradiography

• Complete the complementary strand of the DNA molecule. Label one sugar and one phosphate. Circle one complete nucleotide.

Mitochondrial DNA

RFLP

PCR

Process that uses capillary electrophoresis (STR)