forditás magyarra és szövegértés

7/31/2019 fordits magyarra s szvegrts

1/35

Fordts magyarra s szvegrts

2. szveg

HEART PILLS CAN INCREASE RISK OF DEATH

Drugs that lower cholesterol levels may increase rather than reduce the overall risk of

dying, and their use should be reduced, researchers say today.

The number of British patients taking the drugs is growing rapidly-, but there is no

long-tem proof that they have beneficial effects; doctors say in the British Medical

journal.

Their call for a moratorium on prescribing could profoundly affect the attitudes of

general practitioners towards the drugs and may also influence government health

policies. It is also likely to cause consternation in the pharmaceutical industry.

Prescriptions for cholesterol-lowering drugs have trebled in the past few years

because GPs have been persuaded that high levels of blood cholesterol are an

Important risk factor for heart attacks. About 58,0IX0 patients currently receive the

therapy, and many high street pharmacists now offer: instant" blood cholesterol

tests.

Much wider use of the drugs is likely, because the health departments current

contract with GPs encourages such preventive measures. Up to a third of the British

population would be candidate


2/35


journal. Before the use of such drugs becomes even more widespread there should be

a serious consideration of whether this is a sensible treatment policy.do not translatethe maid street of a turn with shops, etc

- 2 -


3/35


4/35


4. szveg

PRIMARY SCHOOLS `TO SELECT PUPILS'

State primary schools are likely to start selecting able pupils to boost their position in

national league tables based on compulsory= test results for seven-years-olds, a report

said yesterday.

Head teachers will face pressures to avoid enrolling children from poorer

backgrounds, "summer babies" who are young for their age group, children with

special educational needs and those speaking English as a second language, because

they lag consistently in the tests, according to academics from Leeds University in a

report commissioned by the National Union of Teachers.

Instead, schools will regard girls and children who have received nursery education

as an "asset" as they perform better.

The report, which evaluated the national curriculum tests taken by more than

500,000 seven-years olds last year, also highlighted the depth of teachers'

discontent.

Most said that the tests remained too time-consuming, limiting the attention teachers

could give individuals, despite government efforts to slim them down.

- 4 -


5/35


5. szveg

Ahead of the Rest

Higher than Tokyo, higher than Bonn, higher than Paris, the parking rates in London

will soon be the highest of any capital in the world, if Westminster Council introduces

its new charges next July for meters in parts of Central London. High parking rates

aren't simply a good wheeze* to save money, they're a deliberate attempt to deter

people from coming into the capital. Now it is of course true that there is, during the

day, heavy traffic congestion in London and average speeds amount to about 12

mph, which suggests that for much of the time no-one is moving at all. But it's

questionable whether slapping up charges is the right way to deal with the problem.

When parking meters were first introduced, it was stated by ministers. That the

money they raised would be used to provide off-Street parking**. Somehow that

hasn't happened.

The ample revenue from parking charges has been used for other purposes. Good

purposes maybe, but not the one which was promised. By now, there should be

extensive underground car parks in the capital, paid for from the money in the

parking meters above ground. Let's revert to the idea. And if we want to discourage

people from bringing cars into central London, the best way to do it is to ensure that

our public transport system is the best in the world.

- 5 -


6/35


* wheeze = a clever idea, a joke or a trick

* * off-street parking = parking places in garages, away from the Street

- 6 -


7/35


6. szveg

REFORMED CURRICULUM SPLITS TEACHING UNIONS

Plans for a dramatic reduction in the national curriculum were approved by the

Government yesterday, breaking the united front of the teaching unions against tests

this summer.

Sir Ron Dearing chairman of the School Curriculum and Assessment Authority*,

unveiled proposals to free the equivalent of one day a week for teachers to use at

their discretion. History, geography, music and art will cease to be compulsory after

age 14, paving the way for the introduction of more vocational courses.

Less than five years after the curriculum began to appear in schools and with millions

of pounds invested in its development, Sir Ron said yesterday a total revision was

necessary to meet Parliaments original intentions. He recommended a five-year

moratorium on further changes.

Every subject will be revised by Easter so that a new curriculum can be introduced in

September 1995. John Patten, the Education Secretary, said: "It is in the interests of

pupils that there changes should now be implemented promptly and fully, with no

breach in the continuity of learning and assessment."

* School Curriculum and Assessment Authority = Iskolai tanterv s rtkelsi Hatsg

- 7 -


8/35


- 8 -


9/35


7. szveg

ALARM OVER DRINKING WATER PESTICIUE LIVEL

A pesticide has been found for the first time in drinking water in an amount exceeding

the government's own health guidance level*, it was disclosed yesterday.

The herbicide Atrazine, widely used by local authorities for controlling weeds along

railway lines, has been found at the warning level in drinking water by the

government's own Drinking Water Inspectorate, set up a year ago. The guidance level

of 4 micrograms per litre implies a concentration 40 times greater than the official

European Community Standard.

Michael Healy, head of the inspectorate, said the sample was being checked to make

sure it was not an analytical quirk.** If it proved true the inspectorate would take

immediate action with the water company concerned, he said.

In the last year the inspectorate has asked 12 water companies to take action to

control pesticide levels in their water, he said.

In all cases the advice had been sought from the government's chief medical officer,

and there was at present thought to be no danger to health, although the situation

was "worrying".

- 9 -


10/35


8. szveg

SHUNNING THE SPOTLIGHT

The European* was saved last week by wealthy win brothers who shun the spotlight.

David and Frederick Barclay 58-year-old identical twins with interest in hotels and

shipping bought the money-losing weekly newspaper for what sources say may

have been no more than 5 million. Unlike Robert Maxwell, The European's flamboyant

and profligate founder; the Barclays eschew publicity. According to Charles Garside,

The European's editor, the Barclays don't want their pictures in the new paper, have

no interest in writing editorials, don't even want to meet their staff. "These men could

not be less like Robert Maxwell", says Garside. "They don't have egos that need to be

expressed on the front page."

The pair has not been photographed since 1983. Ranked 18th on last year's Sunday

Times magazine list of Britain's wealthiest people, the Bardays are said to be worth

450 million. Both men are married, smoke Havana cigars, ride around town in Rolls-

Royces and, according to bankers who do business with them, are extremely polite.

"They enjoy having a private life and want to keep it that way", says Garside.

"Needless to say, we alt find that very refreshing."

* egszsggyi szabvny ** coincidence

- 10 -


11/35


12/35

21


9. szveg

HEALT SCARES FAIL TO AFECT WHAT PEOPE DECIDE TO EAT

The British are complacent about what they eat, despite concern that he average diet

is contributing to the incidence of heart disease and other illnesses, according to the

market researchers Mintel.

The organization has found that four-fifths of consumers claim to eat meat whenever

they like, more than half say they have no worries about salt, sugar or caffeine, and

more than two-fifths pay no attention to their diet at all.

Women are more diet-conscious than men, with only one in two saying she did not

count calories, compared with three out of five of the population at large. Women

were also less likely to eat meat, and only 45 per cent, of them claimed not to worry

about the intake of salt, sugar or caffeine.

Mintel concluded Chat men were complacent about healthy eating and women were

committed to eating healthy products and were demanding more of them to meet

their requirements.

Mintel calculated, though, that only 8 per cent of all the adult population took some

care over everything they consumed. Nearly a quarter were conscious of dietary

recommendations to some degree.

Mintel investigated how many of the population bought products marketed as healthy

- 12 -


13/35


alternatives to traditional foodstuffs.

Although people living in London and the South-East consumed slightly more healthy

alternatives, there were no regional variations to confirm the existence of any north-

south divide over the healthiness of diet.

- 13 -


14/35


10. szveg

TIGHTENING THE KNOT

Elise Strevel says she never wanted a divorce. Under Michigan's no-fault divorce law*

her husband didn't need her consent and didn't need to show grounds. Strevel's story

and others like it are fueling a growing movement to end or reform no-fault divorce

law.

Alarmed over the one in four kids now living in single-parent homes, legislators are

assailing a basic temet of modern divorce law: that keeping people in unhappy

marriages harms children and adults alike. Michigan state Representative Jessie

Dalman recently introduced a set, of bills ending no-fault for contested cases

involving children, and pushing couples to undergo counseling before getting

married. Similar legislation is up for debate in other states.

A recent poll conducted by the Family Research Gouncil found that 55 percent of

Americans favor making it harder to leave a marriage when one partner wants to stay

together. As William Galston, a former domestic-policy adviser to president Clinton,

observes, "We have had a great social experiment for the last 40 years, shifting in the

direction of autonomy, choice, personal happiness and fulfillment, and away from

responsibility and sacrifice. We are now asking ourselves whether the experiment was

a success or failure."

- 14 -


15/35


* no-fault divorce law = a vlok megnevezst l eltekint vlst, szablyoz trvny

- 15 -


16/35


11. szveg

THE GREAT GENERATION

On February 12, USA Today* featured a wonderful tribute to the 2.3 million couples

who were married in 1946. The men had just returned victorious from the battlefields

of World War II and were anxious to establish homes and families. That is precisely

what they and their sweethearts did in record numbers.

What is so impressive about this generation is that a high percentage of their

marriages remain intact despite the dramatic social changes occurring since 1946.

They weathered the sexual revolution during the '60s, the epidemic of easy divorce,

and a culture that is increasingly hostile to the family. When they stood at an alter

and agreed to love one another "till death do us part", that is precisely what they

meant. Compared to today's newly weds who are likely to stay married for only 7.2

years, those postwar couples have been models of stability and loyality to those

they loved.

These older Americans grew up in the Great Depression**, when it was a struggle just

to keep body and soul together. Then they went through the most terrible war in

world history, which killed or maimed many of their friends and loved ones. Large

numbers of them experienced deprivation, inconvenience and danger throughout

their formative years. Thus, they learned how to deal with those occasions when life

- 16 -


17/35


turned out to be more difficult than advertised.

* USA Today = jsg cme (ne fordtsa)

** Great Depression = a nagy gazdasgi vlsg

- 17 -


18/35


12. szveg

RABIES LAW TO BE REFORMED

The government is ready to scrap [3ritain's 100-year-old rabies controls in favour of

a system which would reduce quarantine from six months to a month in many cases.

The governments view has been leaked ahead of a tabour policy document due to

be published this week, also calling for quarantine reform.

The proposals, due to be published in the next few weeks, will be set, out in a

document being prepared by Keith Meldrum, the government's chief veterinary

officer.

The proposals, though, are unlikely to satisfy pressure groups. Passports for Pets*,

which has attracted support from politicians and celebrities, has argued for a

Swedish-style system based on vaccination and certification of animals, without

quarantine. "This plan is just a sop to kennel owners who don't want to lose their

trade", said Lady Fretwell, the group's chairman.

The government believes a shorter quarantine period will ensure animals can be

tested to show the vaccine is working, and pet owners will be discouraged from

taking their animals on holidays or short trips.

Abolishing quarantine would allow large numbers of dogs and cats to enter and leave

the country each year and would increase the statistical risk of rabies, say

- 18 -


19/35


government experts.

* Passports for Pets = az egyik csoportosuls neve

- 19 -


20/35


13. szveg

CRACKS IN THE MARBLE

For 3.5 centuries, visitors to the Taj Mahal* have labored to find words worthy of its

grand sublimity. A 19th century government official of India, Colonel J.A. Hodgson,

said the Taj seemed to be made from "pearl or of moonlight", and suggested that it

be preserved under a glass case.

A century later, the colonel's idea looks prescient. In the surrounding city of Agra,

pollution has poured from factories, an oil refinery and thousands of trucks, trains and

autos. The emissions have darkened the sky around the Taj and the luminous marble

itself. It's the rare visitor who has failed to notice the urban mess that is Agra and not

wished it would vanish. But aside from being home to a world wonder, Agra is a city

of more than a million people with such mundane needs as industry and transport.

The question is whether those needs are eating away the Taj. For more than two

decades, officials have sought to determine the extent of the threat and to come up

with protective solutions. In the first task, they have failed completely. A bitter

dispute rages, with one faction contending the tiny pits in the facade come from acid

rain and another blaming insects. Industrialists accuse environmentalists of fronting

for** American companies eager to sell antipollution equipment.

Guides at the monument swear the marble has yellowed, though few visitors have

- 20 -


21/35


come away disappointed; government conservation officers maintain it's merely in

need of a good scrub.

* Taj Mahal = Az indiai Agrban a XVII. szzadban plt mrvny mauzleum neve

** front for = kiszolglja valakinek az rdekeit

- 21 -


22/35


14. szveg

THE LANU OF MAFIOSI*

One Chilly February morning in 1994, Giuseppe Cipriani, the mayor of the western

Sicilian town of Corleone, opened his front door. The severed head of a calf gazed up

from the doorstep. Corleone has always had a powerful Mafia presence, and the 32-

year-old Cipriani, having been elected mayor only two months earlier on a strong

anti-Mafia platform, knew that he was supposed to be afraid. But he wasn't afraid. He

was angry.

"I told myself, `I refuse to be intimidated by these people who are trying to terrorize

us. I'll show them this system no longer works"', he recalled. "We are not so

impressed by their antics. We have more important things to do."

There has always been important work to be done in Sicily, but for most of history

everyone but the Sicilians themselves were in control. Large, fertile, and at the center

of the Mediterranean, Sicily has invariably been somebody else's prize or, as one man

put it "the cradle of invasion".

The lack of a national government left a void of power that was easy for local

strongmen, Mafiosi, to fill. They were just the last in the long line of conquerors when

they took over the island in this century. And then, as the inhabitants say, they were

colonized by corruption.

- 22 -


23/35


Sicily became part of Italy in 1861 but remained poor and isolated. The combination

of exploitation and neglect created a chronic poverty and conservatism that virtually

defined the term Sicilian.

* mafiosi = members of the Mafia

- 23 -


24/35


15. szveg

MAN FOUND GUILTY OF DAMAGING SHEEP `ART

The man whose "artistic contribution" to an exhibit of a dead sheep suspended in

formaldehyde was to turn it black by adding ink was found guilty or criminal damage*

yesterday, but given a conditional discharge.

Mark Bridger emptied the ink into the tank containing Damien Hirst's pickled sheep,

entitled Away from the Flock, while it was on display at the Serpentine Gallery in

London.

Mr Bridger, described as an unemployed artist but now working as a part-time English

teacher, relabeled the work Mark Bridger, Black Sheep, 1994, before giving his

business card to gallery attendants and leaving.

Bridger told magistrates: "I understood the sculptor was intending to focus on

mortality. I was in a carpe diem** frame of mind, and having had the inspiration I

formed the hold resolve to act upon it."

He said he believed he would have had the artist's consent to do this. "It was a little

optimistic."

Although given a conditional discharge for two years, Bridger was not ordered to

repay the 1,000 it cost to restore the exhibit to its original condition.

Mr. Hirst said afterwards: "I am happy with the outcome. People can't Just come in

- 24 -


25/35


and mess with exhibits without the artist's consent. It could have been worse.

Somebody could have decided to come in with a hammer."

* criminal damage = rongls

** carpe diem = ragadd meg az alkalmat

- 25 -


26/35


16. szveg

TIIE MYSTERY OF DINOSAURS

Dinosaurs have been extinct for 65 million years but the controversy over what killed

them goes on, having apparently developed a life of its own. Last week the Great

Dinosaur Debate was in the news again, as scientists sparred over the newer theories

about the prehistoric doomsday.

Most scientists now generally agree with the brilliant theory of Luis Alvarez, the late

Nobel laureate who in 1980 blamed a giant celestial intruder for the dinosaurs'

downfall. The clue that inspired Alvarez was found in a thin layer of clay. When

analysis of the clay revealed that it had a far higher content of the rare element

iridium than ordinarily found in the earth's crust, Alvarez proposed that the element

might be of extraterrestrial origin. Both comets and asteroids, he knew, are rich in

iridium.

From that evidence, Alvarez constructed this scenario: some 65 million years ago, a

comet or asteroid at least 8 km wide struck the earth and blasted out a tremendous

crater. The cosmic interloper was completely vaporized, and a great fireball rose into

the stratosphere, carrying with it vast amounts of pulverized debris.

These finer particles remained suspended and were circulated by air currents until

they enshrouded the earth, blocking sunlight for months. In the ensuing cold and

- 26 -


27/35


dark, plants and animals perished. When the dust shroud eventually settled back to

earth, it formed the telltale worldwide layer of day.

- 27 -


28/35


17. Szveg

FILM CENSOR CALLS FOR ID CARDS TO PROTECT CHILDREN

The bead of Britain's film censorship board yesterday called for the introduction of

compulsory identity cards for children in an attempt to stop them taking out videos

meant for older viewers.

Children as young as ten would be issued with a "school card" signed by their

headmaster which they would have to show to shopkeepers before hiring or buying

videos.

James Ferman, director of the British Board of Film Classification, said, "the card

should be issued compulsorily to all children above the age of criminal responsibility.

It could contain a recent photograph, age, date of birth, school and a thumbprint of

the child. Such a card could prove useful for controlling all age barred goods such as

video recordings, cigarettes, alcoholic beverages and fireworks as well as for

admission to cinemas", Mr Ferman said.

He told an inquiry by the Home Affairs Select Committee* into the possible link

between video violence and young offenders that ultimately it was up to parents to

police the viewing habits of their children.

Mr. Ferman said that there was very good evidence that violence on screen was a

contributory influence on young offenders, But it was not a simple matter of cause

- 28 -


29/35


and effect.

* Home Affairs Select Committee = kb. a Belgyminisztrium ad hoc bizottsga

- 29 -


30/35


18. Szveg

VIOLENCE REVIVES SOCCER NIGHTMORE;

Rioting England football supporters forced the abandonment: of the match against

Ireland in Dublin on Wednesday last week.

After more than a year in which it had been hoped England fans were losing their

reputation for hooliganism, the disturbances revived memories of the worse years of

missile-hurling and street battles in foreign cities.

The lights, which were accompanied by chants from England supporters of "No

surrender to the IRA", come at an acutely sensitive moment in the Anglo-Irish peace

process.

Michael Howard, the home Secretary, said there would be an inquiry into "a dreadful

night for England and English football."

Although there had been trouble in Dublin overnight, the violent scenes took

everyone by surprise. The missile-throwing started shortly after David Kelly had given

the Irish the lead in the 22nd minute.

As the Irish police officers moved towards the English section in the West Stand at

Lansdowne road to quell a disturbance they were met by a hall of missiles. Seats

were torn up and hurled at the police, and when a linesman had to take evasive

action, it was obvious that the game would be halted.

- 30 -


31/35


The Dutch referee, Dennis Jol, took the teams off the field and for about 20 minutes

attempts were made to restore order. When these failed, he abandoned the match.

- 31 -


32/35


19. szveg

QUAKE'S VICTIMS SWAMP AID TEAMS

Emerging from the rubble of the city's worst earthquake, many Los Angeles residents

now find themselves caught in a thicket of red tape.

Eleven disaster relief centers* opened mi Thursday were immediately swamped by

thousands of people rendered homeless, penniless or desperate by the earthquake.

The death toll has now risen to 51 and thousands of homes were still without

electricity or water yesterday.

Responding to the demand the Emergency Management Agency** said it planned to

open six more relief centers and fly in hundreds of extra staff amid criticism, that it

had badly underestimated the number needing help. Only a fraction of applicants,

some of whom arrived 15 hours before doors opened, received the immediate aid

promised. Thousands more were told to fill at application forms, wait for an

appointment, or come back the next day. The bureaucratic process could take days

or weeks to complete.

At one of the emergency centers a man stole a pite of application forms from a police

officer and began selling them to those waiting in line for $5 (1;3.30) each.

* katasztrfa-seglykzpont

** Emergency Management Agency = kb. szksgllapotot irnyt/felgyel

- 32 -


33/35


gynksg

- 33 -


34/35


20. szveg

ANC1ENT TONGUE TEACHES COMPUTERS NEW `IRICKS

Computers capable of flawlessly translating books, documents and scientific papers

from one language into another could soon be rolling off the production lines,

courtesy of an ancient language that was first spoken 5,000 years ago by the Aymara

Indians of South America.

Ivan Guzman de Rojas, a mathematician, inventor, and the son of Bolivia's most

famous painter, claims that the rigid, logical and unambiguous structure of the

Aymara language is a natural bridge between the world's Indo-European tongues.

The development has attracted the interest of Bull, the French computer company,

which has signed a letter of intent* to buy Senor Guzman's invention which is called

Atamiri, the Aymara word for interpreter. If Senor Guzman's system is as good as is

claimed, if might end some of the more sparkling errors which occur when machines

are asked to try to translate meanings from one language to another and which have

limited their use.

The dream of flawless computer translation has attracted huge investment over

recent decades. The European Community spent several million dollars on an

unsuccessful computer translation project.

Mr. Guzman, who is negotiating the terms of the deal with Bull, wants the profits

- 34 -


35/35


which arise from Atamiri to be ploughed back into helping Indians who have inspired

his work.

* letter of intent = szndknyilatkozat

forditás magyarra és szövegértés

Documents

Transcript of forditás magyarra és szövegértés