ForcesEngineering Science S4

Forces

There are a number of different forces which act on objects all around us

An example of some forces are:• Static• Dynamic• Bending • Shearing

Forces

Static

When a static load or force is applied to structures, the

structures do not normally move. Normally the total downwards force comprises the weight of the structure plus the load it is

carrying.

Forces

Dynamic

When dynamic loads or forces are applied to a structure, the structure does move and the

forces applied can be varied. Dynamic forces are produced by a variety of means and effects:

machines, wind directions, people, etc.

Forces

Bending

Structures that carry loads across their length are subject to bending forces.

Forces

Shearing

Shear forces can be described as tearing or cutting forces affecting structures. Simple

examples are a pair of scissors

Forces

Torsion

Torsion or torque forces have the effect of trying to turn or twist a structure or a piece of material.

For example, a screwdriver being twisted

Forces

Compression

Compression forces occur when there is a force pushed down on an object with a force pushing

up on it at the same time.

Forces

Tension / Tensile

Tension happens when there is two forces both pulling on an object. A rope in a tug of war is

under tension.