for the Health Care Professional · PDF fileMath Basics for the Health Care Professional,...
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Math Basics for the Health Care Professional
Copyright © 2014, 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved
FOURTH EDITION
UNIDAD
Sistema apotecario de medición: unidades y conversión
10
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Math Basics for the Health Care Professional, Fourth Edition Michele Benjamin Lesmeister
Propósito
• Propósito de la unidad
Unir destrezas fundamentales
• Fracciones (1/2)
• Decimales (0.25)
• Razones (2 : 7)
• Proporciones ( )
• Porcientos (25%)
Aplicar estas destrezas básicas a la profesión de la salud
2
3
4
6
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Math Basics for the Health Care Professional, Fourth Edition Michele Benjamin Lesmeister
Sistema Apotecario
• Sistema apotecario de medición—cantidades de medicamentos
Peso granos
Volumen mínimas
Utilizado por médicos y farmaceúticos
• Depende de varios sistemas numéricos
números romanos (letras minúsculas)
números arábigos
fracciones
• Se está remplazando con el sistema métrico para uniformidad y control de errores
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Math Basics for the Health Care Professional, Fourth Edition Michele Benjamin Lesmeister
Sistema Apotecario: Reglas básicas
• Regla 1
Fracciones de ½ se podrían escribir: ss
Ejemplo:
• La orden médica indica dar granos iss de un medicamento a un paciente.
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Math Basics for the Health Care Professional, Fourth Edition Michele Benjamin Lesmeister
Sistema Apotecario: Reglas básicas
• Regla 2
Numerales Romanos (en minúscula) son utilizadas para cantidades que son ≤ 10 iguales a 20 ó 30
Ejemplo:
• El médico receta granos x (10 granos) de un medicamento.
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Math Basics for the Health Care Professional, Fourth Edition Michele Benjamin Lesmeister
Sistema Apotecario: Reglas básicas
• Regla 3
Los símbolos se colocan antes de la cantidad
• 7½ granos granos viiss)
Ejemplo: Farmaceútico preparó granos ivss del medicamento.
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Math Basics for the Health Care Professional, Fourth Edition Michele Benjamin Lesmeister
Símbolos del sistema apotecario
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Math Basics for the Health Care Professional, Fourth Edition Michele Benjamin Lesmeister
Equivalencias aproximadas
Equivalencias aproximadas 1 cucharadita (tsp) = 5 mililitros (mL) 1 pulgada (in) = 2.54 cm
grano (gr) i = 60 ó 65 mg 1 kg = 2.2 libras (lb)
grano (gr) i = 1 gota (gtt) 1 cucharadita (tsp) = 60 gotas (gtt)
1 pinta (pt) = 2 tazas (c)
onza fluida (℥) 1 = 6 cucharaditas
(tsp)
1 cuarto (qt) = onza fluidas (℥) 32
onza fluida (℥) 1 = 2 cucharadas
(tblsp) 1 cuarto (qt) = 1 litro (L)
onza fluida (℥) 1 = 30 mL 1 taza (c) = 240−250 mililitros (mL)
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Math Basics for the Health Care Professional, Fourth Edition Michele Benjamin Lesmeister
Conversiones
• 2½ oz = ______ mL
30 2
1
2 75
• Usando proporciones:
• Usando factor de conversión (análisis dimensional):
2½ oz
30 𝑚𝑙
1 𝑜𝑧
2.5 30 𝑚𝑙
1
75𝑚𝑙 75𝑚𝑙
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Math Basics for the Health Care Professional, Fourth Edition Michele Benjamin Lesmeister
Conversiones
Convertir 48 mg a granos
Nota: Granos se dan en enteros o fracciones Milígramos se dan en enteros o decimales.
48
60
12 4
12 5
4
5
𝟔𝟎𝒙 = 𝟒𝟖(𝟏)
𝒙 =𝟒𝟖
𝟔𝟎
• Usando factor de conversión:
48 mg
1 𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑜
60 𝑚𝑔
𝟒𝟖
𝟔𝟎 grano
𝟒
𝟓 grano
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Math Basics for the Health Care Professional, Fourth Edition Michele Benjamin Lesmeister
Guías para unidades
• Para formatear respuestas usaremos estas guías:
Si la respuesta está en unidades estándares (del sistema inglés) y hay un sobrante, ésta se expresa como fracción.
Si la respuesta está en unidades métricas y hay un residuo, ésta se expresa como decimal.
Para unidades métricas, redondear a la décima más cercana.
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Math Basics for the Health Care Professional, Fourth Edition Michele Benjamin Lesmeister
Guías para unidades (cont.)
Para unidades de dinero, redondear a la centésima más cercana.
Para conversiones de múltiples pasos, debes redondear solamente en el último paso (la respuesta final).
Cualquier número decimal que no tiene parte entera debe tener un 0 en la posición de los enteros. Ej 0.5
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Math Basics for the Health Care Professional, Fourth Edition Michele Benjamin Lesmeister
Práctica 6 (pg 228-229)
𝟑
𝟐𝟎= 𝟎. 𝟏𝟓
2250
2
420
𝟒𝟐
𝟓
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Math Basics for the Health Care Professional, Fourth Edition Michele Benjamin Lesmeister
Práctica 6 (pg 228-229)
7
1
480
8.8 𝟑
𝟔𝟎𝟎
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Math Basics for the Health Care Professional, Fourth Edition Michele Benjamin Lesmeister
Conversiones múltiples
Convertir 0.0001 grams = granos _____
Convertir 0.0001 g a mg
0.0001 𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎 = 0.1 mg
3 brincos hacia
la derecha
×1000
𝟔𝟎𝒙 = 𝟎. 𝟏
𝒙 =𝟎. 𝟏
𝟔𝟎
decimal
periódico…habría
que aproximar
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Math Basics for the Health Care Professional, Fourth Edition Michele Benjamin Lesmeister
1
1060
1
10
1
60
1
600
ejemplo (cont.)
𝒙 =𝟎. 𝟏
𝟔𝟎
0.0001 grams = granos 𝟏
𝟔𝟎𝟎
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Math Basics for the Health Care Professional, Fourth Edition Michele Benjamin Lesmeister
Conversiones múltiples
Convertir 4𝟏
𝟑 yardas = _____ pulgadas
Convertir yardas a pies
Convertir de pies a pulgadas
4𝟏
𝟑 yd = 𝟏𝟓𝟔 𝒊𝒏
4𝟏
𝟑 yd
𝟑 𝒇𝒕
𝟏 𝒚𝒅= 𝟏𝟑
𝟑
𝟑
𝟏 𝒇𝒕 = 𝟏𝟑 𝒇𝒕
13 ft 𝟏𝟐 𝒊𝒏
𝟏 𝒇𝒕= = 𝟏𝟓𝟔 𝒊𝒏
𝟏𝟓𝟔
𝟏 in
1 in = 2.54 cm
1 ft = 12 in
1 yd = 3 ft
1 lb= 16 oz
1 kg = 2.2 lb
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Math Basics for the Health Care Professional, Fourth Edition Michele Benjamin Lesmeister
Conversiones múltiples
Convertir 210 𝟏
𝟐 in = _____ m
Convertir in a cm
Convertir de cm a m
210.5 in 𝟐.𝟓𝟒 𝒄𝒎
𝟏 𝒊𝒏= 𝟓𝟑𝟒. 𝟔𝟕
𝟏 𝒄𝒎 = 𝟓𝟑𝟒. 𝟔𝟕 𝒄𝒎
534.67 cm 𝟏 𝒎
𝟏𝟎𝟎 𝒄𝒎= = 𝟓. 𝟑𝟒𝟔𝟕
210 𝟏
𝟐 in = 𝟓. 𝟑 m
1 in = 2.54 cm
1 ft = 12 in
1 yd = 3 ft
1 lb= 16 oz
1 kg = 2.2 lb
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Math Basics for the Health Care Professional, Fourth Edition Michele Benjamin Lesmeister
Conversiones múltiples
Convertir 254 cm = _____ ft
Convertir in a centímetros a pulgadas
Convertir de pulgadas a pies
254 cm 𝟏 𝒊𝒏
𝟐.𝟓𝟒 𝒄𝒎= 𝟏𝟎𝟎
𝟏 𝒊𝒏 = 𝟏𝟎𝟎 𝒊𝒏
100 in 𝟏 𝒇𝒕
𝟏𝟐 𝒊𝒏= =
𝟒 × 𝟐𝟓
𝟒 × 𝟑 𝒇𝒕
254 cm = 𝟖𝟏
𝟑 ft
𝟏𝟎𝟎
𝟏𝟐 𝒇𝒕
=𝟐𝟓
𝟑 𝒇𝒕 = 𝟖
𝟏
𝟑 𝒇𝒕
1 in = 2.54 cm
1 ft = 12 in
1 yd = 3 ft
1 lb= 16 oz
1 kg = 2.2 lb
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Math Basics for the Health Care Professional, Fourth Edition Michele Benjamin Lesmeister
Conversiones múltiples
Ejemplo: Dr. Muñiz ordena 300 mg al día de un medicamento para una paciente. Cada tableta tiene 50 mg de la medicina. ¿Cuántas pastillas necesitará el paciente durante 7 días?
1. Usar factor de conversión para hallar tabletas diarias.
𝟑𝟎𝟎 𝒎𝒈
𝟏 𝒅í𝒂
𝟏 𝒕𝒂𝒃𝒍𝒆𝒕𝒂𝒔
𝟓𝟎 𝒎𝒈
2. Determinar tabletas en 7 días.
𝟑𝟎𝟎
𝟓𝟎𝒕𝒂𝒃𝒍𝒆𝒕𝒂𝒔 𝒅í𝒂 = 𝟔 𝒕𝒂𝒃𝒍𝒆𝒕𝒂𝒔 𝒅í𝒂
= (𝟔 𝒕𝒂𝒃𝒍𝒆𝒕𝒂𝒔 𝒅í𝒂) × 𝟕
= 𝟒𝟐 𝒕𝒂𝒃𝒍𝒆𝒕𝒂𝒔 𝒔𝒆𝒎𝒂𝒏𝒂
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Math Basics for the Health Care Professional, Fourth Edition Michele Benjamin Lesmeister
Conversiones equivalentes para líquidos
Equivalencias aproximadas 1 cucharadita (tsp) = 5 mililitros (mL) 1 cucharadita (tsp) = 60 gotas
(gtt)
grano (gr) i = 60 ó 65 mg 1 pinta (pt) = 2 tazas (c)
grano (gr) i = 1 gota (gtt) 1 cuarto (qt) = onza fluidas (℥) 32
1 cucharadita (tsp) = 60 gotas (gtt)
1 cuarto (qt) = 1 litro (L)
onza fluida (℥) 1 = 6 cucharaditas
(tsp ó t) 1 taza (c) = 240−250 mililitros
(mL)
onza fluida (℥) 1 = 2 cucharadas
(tblsp ó T)
onza fluida (℥) 1 = 30 mL
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Math Basics for the Health Care Professional, Fourth Edition Michele Benjamin Lesmeister
Conversiones múltiples
Ejemplo: Convertir ℥ 65 = _____ L
1. Convertir ℥ a mL usando oz.fl. (℥) 1=30 mL
2. Convertir mL a L usando
65 ℥ 𝟑𝟎 𝒎𝒍
𝟏℥= 𝟏𝟗𝟓𝟎
𝟏 𝒎𝑳 = 𝟏𝟗𝟓𝟎 𝒎𝑳
𝟏𝟗𝟓𝟎 𝒎𝑳𝟏 𝑳
𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎 𝒎𝒍=
𝟏𝟗𝟓𝟎
𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎
℥ 65 = 1.95 L
1 tsp = 5 mL
gr i = 60 mg
gr i = 1 gtt
1tsp = 60 gtt
℥ 1 = 6 t
℥ 1 = 2 T
℥ 1 = 30 mL
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Math Basics for the Health Care Professional, Fourth Edition Michele Benjamin Lesmeister
Conversiones múltiples
Ejemplo: Convertir 2𝟏
𝟐 c = ℥ _____
1. Convertir c a mL
2. Convertir mL a ℥
2.5 c 𝟐𝟒𝟎 𝒎𝒍
𝟏 c= 60𝟎 𝒎𝑳
60𝟎 𝒎𝑳𝟏 𝒐𝒛.𝒇𝒍.
𝟑𝟎 𝒎𝒍= ℥ 𝟐𝟎
2𝟏
𝟐 c = ℥ 20
1 c = 240 mL
gr i = 60 mg
gr i = 1 gtt
1tsp = 60 gtt
℥ 1 = 6 t
℥ 1 = 2 T
℥ 1 = 30 mL
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Math Basics for the Health Care Professional, Fourth Edition Michele Benjamin Lesmeister
Conversiones múltiples
Ejemplo: Convertir 25 T = ____ c
1. Convertir T a ℥
2. Convertir ℥ a mL
3. Convertir mL a c
𝟑𝟕𝟓 𝒎𝑳𝟏 𝒄
𝟐𝟓𝟎 𝒎𝑳 =
25 T 𝟏 𝒐𝒛.𝒇𝒍.𝟐 𝑻
= 12.5 𝒐𝒛. 𝒇𝒍.
12.5 𝒐𝒛. 𝒇𝒍𝟑𝟎 𝒎𝑳
𝟏 𝒐𝒛.𝒇𝒍.= 𝟑𝟕𝟓 𝒎𝑳
1 c = 250 mL
gr i = 60 mg
gr i = 1 gtt
1tsp = 60 gtt
℥ 1 = 6 t
℥ 1 = 2 T
℥ 1 = 30 mL
= 1.𝟓 𝒄 𝟑𝟕𝟓
𝟐𝟓𝟎 𝒄