FOOT STEP POWER GENERATING SYSTEM

A PROJECT REPORT 

Submitted by

SREEKUMAR.K(21207106310)

VINU VISWANATH(21207106311)

AJEESH.V.RAJAN(21207106003)

 

in partial fulfillment for the award of the degree

of

BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING

in

ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

RAJIV GANDHI COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, SRIPERUMBUDUR

ANNA UNIVERSITY: : CHENNAI 600 025

APRIL 2011

ANNA UNIVERSITY :: CHENNAI 600 025

BONAFIDE CERTIFICATE

Certified that this project report “FOOT STEP POWER GENERATING

SYSTEM” is the bonafide work of “SREE KUMAR.K, VINU

VISWANATH, AJEESH.V.RAJAN” who carried out the project work under

my supervision.

SIGNATURE SIGNATURE

Mr. SUMAN MISHRA M.E,(Ph.d)., Mr. SUMAN MISHRA

HEAD OF THE DEPARTMENT SUPERVISOR

Assistant Professor Assistant ProfessorDepartment of ECE Department of ECERajiv Gandhi College of Engineering Rajiv Gandhi College of EngineeringSriperumbudur - 602 105 Sriperumbudur - 602 105

INTERNAL EXAMINER EXTERNAL EXAMINER

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

We would like to make a special mention of the following people without whose

help this project would have not been completed. First we render our thanks to

Almighty God to give us the strength for completing this project.

We are grateful to Our Parents for their care, love, support and

prayers.We take this opportunity to express our gratitude and thanks to

Dr.G.George our General Secretary and Correspondent for his valuable thoughts

and consistent encouragement.We like to acknowledge the support given to us by

our and also special thanks to our Principal Dr. Arocky Raj for his

guidance.Special thanks to the Dean of our college Dr Vasu Elaveetil for his

guidance.

We express our sincere gratitude to Mr.Suman Mishra, Head of the

Electronics and Communication Department Engineering and our project

coordinator Mr. Madhu for his valuable suggestions and technical guidance.

We specially thank Mr. Suman Mishra, our internal guide for giving

us an opportunity to do this project and also other staff members who gave us

support, encouragement and suggestion which had helped to make the right choice

at this juncture of our career.

ABSTRACT

• In this project we are generating electrical power as non-conventional

method by simply walking or running on the foot step.

• Non-conventional energy using foot step is converting mechanical energy

into the electrical energy.

• This project using simple drive mechanism such as rack and pinion assemble

and chain drive mechanism.

• For this project the conversion of the force energy in to electrical energy.

The control mechanism carries the rack & pinion, D.C generator, battery

and inverter control.

• The D.C generator used in this project is Permanent Magnet D.C generator.

• The Generator is coupled to the Ply wheel Shaft with the help of Spur Gear

Mechanism.

• The Output of the generator is 12 Volts. This 12 Volt is stored in a 7 Amp-

Hour Battery.

• The battery type is Lead-Acid battery

• The battery is connected to the inverter which is used to convert the D.C 12

• Volt to the 230 Volt A.C.

• By increasing the capacity of battery and inverter circuit, the power rating is

increased.

CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

1.1 MOTIVATION:

Man has needed and used energy at an increasing rate for his

sustenance and well being ever since he came on the earth a few million years ago.

Primitive man required energy primarily in the form of food. He derived this by

eating plants or animals, which he hunted.

With the passage of time, man started to cultivate land for

agriculture. He added a new dimension to the use of energy by domesticating and

training animals to work for him. With further demand for energy, man began to

use the wind for sailing ships and for driving windmills, and the force of falling

water to turn water for sailing ships and for driving windmills, and the force of

falling water to turn water wheels. Till this time, it would not be wrong to say that

the sun was supplying all the energy needs of man either directly or indirectly and

that man was using only renewable sources of energy.

1.2 AIMS:

The main purpose of our project is

1.The "Crowd would work something like this A responsive sub-flooring

system would be placed under, say, the platform of a subway terminal. The

blocks that make up the system would depress slightly under the force of

human footsteps. As the blocks slipped against each other, they would generate

power in the form of an electric current.  

2. The electric current could be used, among other things, to light up signs about

the energy created by the pedestrians, the creators say. People should understand

the direct relationship between their movement and the energy produced," said co-

creator Thaddeus Jusczyk.

3.While the Crowd Farm wouldn't work in the home (a single human step

generates only enough power to light two 60-watt light bulbs for one second), it

could really draw some power from a crowd producing thousands of steps.

CHAPTER 2

EXISTNG SYSTEM

Other people have developed piezo-electric (mechanical-to-electrical) surfaces in

the past, but the Crowd Farm has the potential to redefine urban space by adding a

sense of fluidity and encouraging people to activate spaces with their movement.

The Crowd Farm floor is composed of standard parts that are easily replicated but

it is expensive to produce at this stage. This technology would facilitate the future

creation of new urban landscapes athletic fields with a spectator area, music halls,

theatres, nightclubs and a large gathering space for rallies, demonstrations and

celebrations, railway stations, bus stands, subways, airports etc. like capable of

harnessing human locomotion for electricity generation.

CHAPTER 3

PROPOSED SYSTEM

NEED FOR THE SYSTEM:

Proposal for the utilization of waste energy of foot power with

human locomotion is very much relevant and important for highly populated

countries like India and China where the roads, railway stations, bus stands,

temples, etc. are all over crowded and millions of people move around the clock.

This whole human/bio energy being wasted if can be made possible for utilization

it will be great invention and crowd energy farms will be very useful energy

sources in crowded countries. Walking across a "Crowd Farm," floor, then,will be

a fun for idle people who can improve their health by exercising in such farms

with earning. The electrical energy generated at such farms will be useful for near

by applications.

FOOT STEP POWER GENERATION MODEL

HARDWARE EREQUIREMENTS:

• FOOT STEP ARRANGEMENT• RACK & PINION AND CHAIN SPROCKET ARRANGEMENT• DC GENERATOR• BATTERY• INVERTER• LIGHT LOAD

WORKING PRINCIPLE:

• The complete diagram of the foot step power generation is given above.

• Only one step is inclined in certain small angle which is used to generate the

power.

• The pushing power is converted into electrical energy by proper driving

arrangement.

• The rack & pinion, spring arrangement is fixed at the inclined step.

• The spring is used to return the inclined step in same position by releasing

the load.

• The pinion shaft is connected to the supported by end bearings as shown in

fig.

• The larger sprocket also coupled with the pinion shaft, so that it is running

the same speed of pinion.

• The larger sprocket is coupled to the small cycle sprocket with the help of

chain (cycle).

• This larger sprocket is used to transfer the rotation force to the smaller

sprocket.

• The smaller sprocket is running same direction for the forward and reverse

direction of rotational movement of the larger sprocket.

• This action locks like a cycle pedaling action. The fly wheel and gear wheel

is also coupled to the smaller sprocket shaft.

• The flywheel is used to increase the rpm of the smaller sprocket shaft.

• The gear wheel is coupled to the generator shaft with the help of another

gear wheel.

• The generator is used here, is permanent magnet D.C generator.

• The generated voltage is 12Volt D.C.

• This D.C voltage is stored to the Lead-acid 12 Volt battery.

• The battery is connected to the inverter. This inverter is used to convert the

12 Volt D.C to the 230 Volt A.C.

• This 230 Volt A.C voltage is used to activate the light, fan and etc. By

increasing the capacity of battery and inverter circuit, the power rating is

increased

BLOCK DIAGRAM

EXPLANATION:

FOOT STEP

ARRANGEMENT

RACK & PINION AND CHAIN SPROCKET

ARRANGEMENT

DCGENERATOR BATTERY INVERTER

LIGHT LOAD

ADC

LCD

AT89C51 MICRO

CONTROLLER

ON/OFF

RELAY

FOOT STEP ARRANGEMENT:

A Crowd Energy Farm would work like this: a responsive sub-flooring system

made up of blocks that depress slightly under the force of human steps would be

installed beneath the walking lobby. The slippage of the blocks against one

another as people walked would generate power through the principle of the

dynamo, a device that converts the energy of motion into that of an electric current.

The Crowd Farm is not intended for home use as a single human step can only

power two 60W light bulbs for one flickering second. But get a crowd in motion,

multiply that single step by 28,527 steps, for example, and the result is enough

energy to power a moving train for one second. And while the farm is over

crowded with moving population, the dynamo-floor principle can be applied to

capture energy at large levels. Greater movement of people will generate more

energy.

RACK AND PINION ARRANGEMENT:

A rack and pinion is a type of linear actuator that comprises a pair

of gears which convert rotational motion into linear motion. The

circular pinion engages teeth on a linear "gear" bar–the rack. Rotational motion

applied to the pinion will cause the rack to move to the side, up to the limit of its

travel.

CHAIN SPROCKET:

A sprocket is a profiled wheel with teeth that meshes with

a chain, track or other perforated or indented material. It is distinguished from

a gear in that sprockets are never meshed together directly, and differs from

a pulley in that sprockets have teeth and pulleys are smooth.

Here the rack & pinion, spring arrangement is fixed at the

inclined step. The spring is used to return the inclined step in same position by

releasing the load. The pinion shaft is connected to the supported by end bearings

as shown in fig. The larger sprocket also coupled with the pinion shaft, so that it is

running the same speed of pinion. The larger sprocket is coupled to the small cycle

sprocket with the help of chain (cycle). This larger sprocket is used to transfer the

rotation force to the smaller sprocket. The smaller sprocket is running same

direction for the forward and reverse direction of rotational movement of the larger

sprocket. This action locks like a cycle pedaling action. The fly wheel and gear

wheel is also coupled to the smaller sprocket shaft.

DC GENERATOR:

In electricity generation, an electric generator is a device

that converts mechanical energy to electrical energy. The reverse conversion

of electrical energy into mechanical energy is done by a motor, motors and

generators have many similarities. A generator forces electrons in the

windings to flow through the external electrical circuit. It is somewhat

analogous to a water pump, which creates a flow of water but does not create

the water inside. The source of mechanical energy may be a reciprocating or

turbine steam engine, water falling through a turbine or waterwheel, an

internal combustion engine, a wind turbine, a hand crank, compressed air or

any other sources of mechanical energy. The gear wheel is coupled to the

generator shaft with the help of another gear wheel. The generator is used

here, is permanent magnet D.C generator. The generated voltage is 12Volt

D.C.

BATTERY:

The D.C voltage is stored to the Lead-acid 12 Volt battery. The

battery is connected to the inverter. This inverter is used to convert the 12

Volt D.C to the 230 Volt A.C. This 230 Volt A.C voltage is used to activate

the light, fan and etc. By increasing the capacity of battery and inverter

circuit, the power rating is increased Battery cell consists of five major

components, electrodes-anode and cathode, separators, terminals, electrolyte

and a case or enclosure. Battery cells are grouped together into a single

mechanical and electrical unit called a battery module. These modules are

electrically connected to form a battery pack which powers the electronic

drive system.

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM