Foot disorders, claw health, farm economics and animal welfare
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Transcript of Foot disorders, claw health, farm economics and animal welfare
Lameness, cow welfare and
sustainable farming
Henk Hogeveen
together with
Mariëlle Bruijnis and Elsbeth Stassen
�Literally: The capacity to endure
�For dairy farming: Care for:� Environment
� Cow welfare
� --------
�But also � Social responsibility
� and decent profit
Sustainable farming
�Important for welfare
�Associated with economic losses
�Prevalence 80% (!!!)
�No reduction of incidence and prevalence
� Farmers don’t put measures into action� Underestimation of problem
Claw health
In this presentation…..
� Introduce different foot disorders
� Model to simulate foot disorders in a dairy herd
� Economic consequences of different foot
disorders
� Welfare consequences of different foot disorders
� Conclusion
A healthy claw
Different foot disorders
Sole haemorrhages
and
White line disease
Interdigital dermatitis/
heel horn erosion
Sole ulcer
Interdigital hyperplasia
(corns, tyloma)Digital dermatitis
(Mortellaro’s disease) Interdigital phlegmon
Simulation model
PCUL
PSC
PCHPHCPHSPSH
No foot disorder, healthy (H)
Clinical foot disorder
(C)
Subclinical foot disorder
(S)
Culled(Cul)
Modelling assumptions
� Assumptions (Dutch circumstances):
� cubicle housing
� concrete floor
� pasturing
� two foot trimming interventions/year
� 7 different foot disorders
Simulated prevalence
0.00%
5.00%
10.00%
15.00%
20.00%
25.00%
30.00%
35.00%
IPS
UL
So
HID
HE
DD
HY
PW
LD IP
SU
LS
oH
IDH
ED
DH
YP
WL
D IPS
UL
So
HID
HE
DD
HY
PW
LD IP
SU
LS
oH
IDH
ED
DH
YP
WL
D IPS
UL
So
HID
HE
DD
HY
PW
LD IP
SU
LS
oH
IDH
ED
DH
YP
WL
D IPS
UL
So
HID
HE
DD
HY
PW
LD IP
SU
LS
oH
IDH
ED
DH
YP
WL
D IPS
UL
So
HID
HE
DD
HY
PW
LD IP
SU
LS
oH
IDH
ED
DH
YP
WL
D IPS
UL
So
HID
HE
DD
HY
PW
LD IP
SU
LS
oH
IDH
ED
DH
YP
WL
D
C =15 C = 17 C = 18 C = 11 C = 11 C = 12 C = 12 C = 13 C = 14 C = 11 C = 12 C = 13
SC = 52 SC = 57 SC = 62 SC = 33 SC = 37 SC = 41 SC = 45 SC = 48 SC = 51 SC = 32 SC = 41 SC = 49
January February March April May June July August September October November December
Prev
ale
nce, %
Clinical
Subclinical
Add consequences to simulation model
PCUL
PSC
PCHPHCPHSPSH
No foot disorder, healthy (H)
Clinical foot disorder
(C)
Subclinical foot disorder
(S)
Economic consequences:- Milk production losses- Prolonged calving interval- Labor dairy farmer- Costs foot trimmer- Costs veterinarian- Treatment- Discarded milk
- Welfare impact: - Estimated pain
Economic consequences: - Milk production losses- Prolonged calving interval
- Welfare impact: - Estimated pain
Economic consequence:- RPO-value
Culled(Cul)
Economic effects
Total costs (default input, The Netherlands)
Per farm (65 cows) : €3,474 per year (€2,282 to €4,965)
Per cow : €53 per cow/year
� Costs of subclinical foot disorders: 32%
� Average clinical foot disorder: €67/case
� Average subclinical foot disorder: €13/case
� Digital dermatitis gave highest costs
(high incidence, high clinical prevalence)
Cost components
Milk production losses
Prolonged calving
interval
Labour of the dairy
farmer
Discarded milk
TreatmentVisit of veterinarian
Visit of foot trimmer
Culling
Modelling welfare impact
Foot disorder
Physical abilities, health
Behavioural abilities and needs
Functioning Feelings Natural living
Affective state, frustration
Pain
Welfare aspects bases on Fraser et al. 1997
Further steps
� Pain estimation
� Based on locomotion score and pathophysiology
� Using literature and expertise
� Calculation welfare impact
� Herd level (including incidence)
� Cow level (per case of foot disorder)
� Weighing pain and duration
� Questionnaire among experts
Weighing pain and duration� Experts:
� Pain 0.65 and Duration 0.35, st dev: 0.20
� Varying opinions on relative importance
� Pain more important than durationDuration
1 2 3 4 5
1 12.1 21.7 35.7 43.9 50.7
2 26.4 42.4 53.6 61.4 63.6
Pain 3 45.0 56.4 70.0 76.4 80.0
4 62.1 75.7 85.7 89.9 92.9
5 82.9 88.6 94.3 96.4 98.6
Estimated welfare impact per case
Subclinical
Clinical
0.00
0.02
0.04
0.06
0.08
0.10
IP IDHE DD SoH WLD SUL HYP
Re
lative im
pa
ct
Impact foot disorders at herd level
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
IP
IDH
E
DD
SoH
WLD
SUL
HYP
Re
lati
ve
im
pa
ct
welfare, subclinicalcosts, subclinical
costs, clinical welfare, clinical
Welfare vs economics
IP
IDHE
DD
SoH
SULIDHE
DD
SoH
WLD
WLDHYP
HYP
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
0.0 2.0 4.0 6.0 8.0 10.0 12.0 14.0 16.0
average cost per cow (€/yr)
avera
ge w
elf
are
im
pact
per
co
w
Concluding remarks
� Subclinical foot disorders have substantial impact
� Indirect cost factors (e.g. milk production losses, culling) high
� Likely to cause underestimation of problem
� Costs due to foot disorders are substantial: € 53 per cow/year (mastitis: € 78 per cow/year)
� Increase dairy farmer awareness and stimulate action
� Costs and welfare consequences correlated
� Welfare improvement more likely
Finally
� Welfare improvement touches loss reduction
� What about “welfare” of culled cows?
� Improving dairy cow foot health� Improves sustainability
� What are the effects of prevention (vs costs)?
� Co-ordinated approach towards farmers
Thank you
for your
attention!