Public Health Aspects of Cumbria Foot and Mouth Disease Outbreak
Foot and mouth outbreak in veterinary
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Foot and mouth outbreak Veterinary Range Attanagalla Sri Lanka 1 Dr Sanjika Perera
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Transcript of Foot and mouth outbreak in veterinary
Dr Sanjika Perera 1
Foot and mouth outbreak
Veterinary Range AttanagallaSri Lanka
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A brief introduction of Foot and mouth disease
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• FMD is a highly contagious disease sometimes fatal.
• In cloven footed animals including cattle buffalo, sheep goat and pigs.
• Also in wild animals such as deer antelopes and bison
• Elephants and hedgehogs are susceptible too.
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• In laboratory conditions mice and rats even chickens can be infected
• Other animals including humans dogs and wolves play a major role in spreading the disease.
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• in 1897 Friedrich Loeffler established the fact that it ia cause by a virus.
• Occurred through out the world Specially in Asia Africa and south America.
• Some countries free from it such as North America, Australia and new Zealand.
• European union has stopped the vaccination
History
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• 2001- a serious outbreak in Britain resulted in postpone of general elections and major sporting events.
• 2007 again in England • 2010 in Japan.• Total number of 270000 cattle
slaughtered
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• Causative agent Aphthovirus in family Picornaviridae RNA virus
• There are seven serotypes:O,A,C,SAT-1,SAT-2,SAT-3, and ASIA -
1O is most common and others show
regionality
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lassification
and
external resources
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Clinical signs• Incubation period 2-12 days• Characteristic by high fever• foaming or stringy saliva- drooling
saliva due to blisters.• Lameness due to rupture of blisters in
the feet causing lameness.• In adult weight loss, decreased milk
yield swollen testicles can be noted.• May lead to myocarditis and death
especially in the calves.• Some are symptomatic –but act as
carries.
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Same animal as above with four day old lesions
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Steers foot
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Transmission• Close contact –animal to animal• Long distance-by aerosols• Fomite and inanimate objects fodder
and vehicles• Clothes and skin of animal handles,
farmers standing water uncooked feed supplements containing infected animal products.
• And cows can catch it through semen of infected bulls.
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Prevention.• Vaccination• Seven serotypes• Like other viruses FMD virus
continuously evolves and mutates.• No cross protection• Even within serotype there are different
strains.• Vaccine should be highly specific for the
strain involved.• But vaccination only provides a
temporary immunity that
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Categorization of the countries according to oie
regarding FMD status. • FMD present with or without
vaccination • FMD –free with vaccination• FMD –free without vaccination• Important• Countries with FMD free without
vaccination status have greater access to export market.
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FMD outbreak in the Attanagalla vs
range.2008• Case historyFarmers name and address Mr.Danie
Shantha, Nagoda Urapola.Size of the herd.4 cows.Complain :anorexic lethargic animal
with lameness.
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• Clinical examination revealed lesions in buccal mucosa and the hooves in all four animals,
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Attanagalla Veterinary Range
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Source of infection• The infected animals said to be in
close contact with an bull with a lameness which was released to Attanagalla Rajamaha Vihara. This was not a established fact.
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Spread of the disease After the initial outbreak in Nagoda
on 04th January 2008.Four infected cattle found in Kattota
area on 5th January 2008. on the same day 5 animals found to be infected in the Mangalathiriya area.
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confirmation• After the initial sample collection by VIO
Welisara blood was collected by VRO, VRI
• Antibodies of serum sample were detected by using ELISA Kit.
• Viral detection kit was not available.• FMD virus is found to be O serotype
strain.
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Disease control• Ring vaccination started
immediately • Vaccination done from 5th 0f
January 2008 to 10th January 2008 continuously.
• 981 animals were vaccinated including cattle pigs and goats.
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• No new cases were reported after 5th January 2008.
• Sent weekly reports (nil) for seven weeks
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Discussion• Spread of disease is curtailed by• the prompt diagnosis of the disease
with the help of vio Welisara.• And vaccination of all the animals who
are not vaccinated recently irrespective of state of the animal ( eg.Pregnant animals )
• Rapid and prompt vaccination by the staff within very short period of time just used only seven days.
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• Though the FMD is a major disease in domesticated farm animal in Sri Lanka, very few research papers published and very few studies done on the subject.
• the economic impact of the FMD is not studied thoroughly.
• The transmission of the disease is not established convincingly.
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Thank you
