Food Waste Disposers Subsinkly Sustainable€¦ · 8 Research • “LITERATURE OVERVIEW - Impacts...
Transcript of Food Waste Disposers Subsinkly Sustainable€¦ · 8 Research • “LITERATURE OVERVIEW - Impacts...
Food Waste Disposers – Subsinkly Sustainable
An Alternative Solution for Landfill Diversion
Michael Keleman
8 November 2017
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Convergence of Environmental Megatrends
FOOD WASTE REDUCTION FOOD WASTE REDUCTION
U.S. GOAL 50% by 2030
ROADMAP 20% for $18B
LANDFILL DIVERSION OF ORGANICS
STATUTORY BANS | CA • MA • RI • VT • CT
Soon in FL • MD • MN • NJ MUNICIPAL ZERO WASTE PLANS Austin • NYC • Portland • San Francisco • Seattle
RESOURCE RECOVERY
CLEAN WATER ENERGY FERTILIZER
FOOD WASTE REDUCTION
National Food Waste Prevention
Study September 2014
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Global Trend to Reduce Food Waste
Reduce the Avoidable Responsibly Manage the Unavoidable
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Current Food Waste Management Options
Waste to Energy
Landfill Centralized Composting
Backyard Composting
Wastewater Treatment
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Wastewater Treatment Process
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Wastewater Trends in the U.S.
• Water Resource Recovery Facility
– Clean Water, Energy & Fertilizer
• Beneficial Reuse of Biosolids
– Approximately ~50% in the U.S.
• Facilities with Anaerobic Digestion?
~10% of US WRRFs,~50% of US Flows
• Energy Independence at Utilities
• Food Waste = Energy
– East Bay Municipal Utility District Oakland, California Producing >200% of Energy Demand
• Food Waste Can Help WRRFs
– 70 - 90% Water
– Nutrient Removal
– Food Waste Produces 3x More Biogas Than Sewage Sludge
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“ T H E C H A L L E N G E I N T H E F U T U R E I S H O W T O E X T R A C T E N E R G Y
F R O M W A S T E W A T E R M O S T E F F I C I E N T L Y … F O O D W A S T E C O U L D
B E G R O U N D U P I N K I T C H E N F O O D W A S T E G R I N D E R S A N D
T R A N S P O R T E D T O W A S T E W A T E R T R E A T M E N T F A C I L I T I E S … ” .
G E O R G E T C H O B A N O G L O U S
Research Confirms Sustainability of Disposers
“More than Appliance of Convenience”
*Disposers Now Mandated in All New Construction: http://bit.ly/1qJAUXZ
Environmental Tool for
Preserving Public Health
and Promoting Sustainability
Myths & Misconceptions of Disposers
• Water & Electricity Usage
• Food Waste Clogs Plumbing & Sewers
Density is 1g/ml, 70-90% Water
Municipal Projects to Demonstrate Efficacy of Disposers
Philadelphia*, Tacoma, Milwaukee, Boston and Chicago
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Life-Cycle
Assessment
(2011)
Sustainable
Food Waste
Evaluation
(2012)
Impacts to
Wastewater
Treatment
(2013)
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Research
• “LITERATURE OVERVIEW - Impacts of Disposers and Food Waste Management” (2015)
• “Life Cycle Assessment of Systems for the Management and Disposal of Food Waste“ (2011)
• “Sustainable Food Waste Evaluation” (2012)
• “Energy Balance & Nutrient Removal Impacts of Food Waste Disposers on Wastewater Treatment” (2013)
• “Characterization of Typical Household Food Wastes from Disposers: Fractionation of Constituents and Implications for Resource Recovery at Wastewater Treatment” (2015)
• “Flocculent Settling of Food Wastes” (2016)
https://www.insinkerator.com/us/en/environmental-professional-information
The Food Waste Disposer as a
Municipal Tool for Waste Diversion
An Evaluation in Five Cities InSinkErator® Project Overview
This presentation is based on an InSinkErator-sponsored review of 432 households over a three-year period and is provided for general
informational and promotional purposes. Municipalities that are considering alternative waste diversion solutions are encouraged to
consult with a qualified waste professional to analyze and consider all potential options.
The Emerson logo is a trademark and a service mark of Emerson Electric Co.
©2016 InSinkErator, InSinkErator® is a business unit of Emerson Electric Co. All Rights Reserved.
Summary
12 ©2016 InSinkErator, InSinkErator® is a business unit of Emerson Electric Co. All Rights Reserved.
*This infographic is based on an InSinkErator-sponsored review of 432 households over a three-year period and is
provided for general informational and promotional purposes. Cities considering alternative waste diversion solutions
are encouraged to consult with a qualified waste professional to analyze and consider all potential options, and take
potential adoption rates into consideration.
**Participants received a free disposer and installation from InSinkErator.
Calculations are for illustrative purposes only.
An Evaluation in Five Cities InSinkErator® Project Overview
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Myths & Misconceptions #1 High Water Usage
Review of Ten Global Studies
• Five Studies Concluded:
– Water Use is “Negligible or Statistically Insignificant”
• Remaining Five Studies:
• 5 L/household
• ~2-3% Total NZ Household Usage
• About a Single Toilet Flush
• 13 gal/day Less per household (DeOreo et al, 2011)
Volume Study Location
1 gal/capita/day New York
3-6 L/household/day Surahammar, Sweden
1.01 L/person/day Verona, Italy
3-4.5 L/person/day EU
4 L/person/day AU
“…water agencies should not consider disposals as water wasting appliances.” (DeOreo et al 2011)
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Myths & Misconceptions #2 Electricity Usage
Electrical Demand Based on Actual Use
• Hours of Use
(3 uses/day) x (30 sec/use) x (I hr/3600 sec) x (365 days/year) = 9.0 hours/year
• Power Demand
500 watts
• Annual Energy Usage
500 watt x 9 hours = 4.5 kWh/year
• Total Annual Household Cost New Zealand
4.5 kW-h/year x $0.2879/kWh =
Value Study Location
3-4 kWh/household/year Surahammar, Sweden
4.3 kWh/year Verona, Italy
Disposers Use Minimal Electricity and Operating Costs are Negligible
$1.30 per year
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Myths & Misconceptions #3 Overloading of Treatment Plants
TSS & BOD Design Criteria Should be Increased by 0.02 kg/capita per day
1Adapted from "Wastewater Engineering. Treatment and Resource Recovery." 2014. Metcalf & Eddy/AECOM. McGraw-Hill Education. 5th Edition
2”Recommended Standards for Wastewater Facilities Policies for the Design, Review, and Approval of Plans and Specifications for Wastewater Collection and Treatment Facilities.” 2004 Edition
Loading Based on Textbooks1 & Design Standards2
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Myths & Misconceptions #4 Clogged Plumbing & Sewers
• Designed to Comply with American Society of Sanitary Engineering Standard #1008
• 100% of Particles Must Be < 0.5”
• Most Particles 1/8” – 1/4”
• Testing Procedure Established by Association of Home Appliance Manufacturers
• Food Waste is 70-90% Water
• Density is 1 g/ml
• Proper Use is Key
http://bit.ly/1RVT4zK
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Myths & Misconceptions #5 More Problems with Fats, Oils & Grease (FOG)
• FOG Should Not Be Poured in Disposers…or Sinks & Toilets
• FOG Deposits Found in Sewers Even Where Disposers are Virtually Non-Existent
• Tongji Study Showed Less Deposits with Disposers
• “Calcium Soaps”
• A Critical Review of Fat, Oil & Grease in Sewer Collection Systems: Challenges and Control1
Sewer FOG Blockages a Global Phenomena
“Sewer in London’s East End Menaced by Giant Fatberg” NY Times
“Total monster: fatberg blocks London sewage system” The Guardian
“Behold The Fatberg: London's 130-Ton, 'Rock-Solid' Sewer Blockage” NPR
“Fatberg Clogging London Sewer Longer than Two Football Fields” Washington Post
Pictures by Thames Water & Reuters
1Xia He, Francis L. de los Reyes III & Joel J. Ducoste. 2017.
Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology.
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Myths & Misconceptions #6 Disposers Have Blades
• Stationary Grind Ring
• Rotating Plate with Lugs
Disposers Operate More Like a Cheese Grater than a Blender
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UdUd11bf8fg
Food Waste Disposers Operate Without Blades
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Myths & Misconceptions #7 Incompatible with Septic Systems
• Disposers Grind Food into Fine Particles
• Majority Removed & Degraded in the Tank
• Minimal Impact on Drainfield
• Relevant Food Waste Characteristics:
– 70% - 90% Water
– Organic
– Breaks Down More Easily than Sewage Solids
– Contains Higher Carbon to Nitrogen Ratio vs. Sewage
Disposers are Compatible with Properly Sized and Maintained Septic Systems
6 M I L L I O N U . S . H O M E S O N S E P T I C S Y S T E M S
W I T H A F O O D WAS T E D I S P O S E R *
Research from the University of Minnesota, Bo Hu et al (2017) Table adapted from Crites & Tchobanoglous. 1998. "Small and Decentralized
Wastewater Management Systems.“ The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
*American Housing Survey
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Questions?
Michael Keleman
Manager of Environmental Engineering
InSinkErator
262-598-5219 Emerson Confidential and Proprietary/For internal use only