FOOD WASTE: AN INTRODUCTION & OVERVIEW€¦ · MARGINAL BENEFITS AND COSTS OF FOOD WASTE Source: Qi...
Transcript of FOOD WASTE: AN INTRODUCTION & OVERVIEW€¦ · MARGINAL BENEFITS AND COSTS OF FOOD WASTE Source: Qi...
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Danyi Qi & Brian Roe
FOOD WASTE: AN INTRODUCTION & OVERVIEW
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SURVEY BEFORE THE CLASS
In the past 12 months, have you ever read,
seen or heard anything about the amount of
food that is wasted or about ways to reduce
the amount of food that is wasted?
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INTERESTS IN FOOD WASTE
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Search Interests in Food Waste (Worldwide)
Data Source: Google Trend 3
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INTERESTS IN FOOD WASTE
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Search Interests in Food Waste (United States)
Data Source: Google Trend
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FOOD WASTE
1:38-5:55 Last Week Tonight on July 19, 2015
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WHY FOCUS ON FOOD LOSS
AND WASTE?
1. The amounts are staggering
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WHY FOCUS ON FOOD LOSS AND WASTE?
1. The amounts are staggering
The FAO estimates that globally, approximately one-third or 1.3 billion tons of food is wasted annually(Gustavsson et al., 2011)
USDA estimates that in the United States, food loss and waste at the retail and consumer levels was 31% of the food supply in 2010 (Buzby & Hyman, 2012)
• 133 billion pounds of food
• 162 billion dollars
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HOW MUCH FOOD WASTE IN THE U.S.?
Enough to fill the Rose Bowl
(90,000-seat) every day (vs.
Ohio Stadium: 104,944-seat)
1,249 calories per person per
day at the retail and consumer
levels
• Equivalent to the calories
in a Big Mac, large fries
and a medium Coke
$1,350 to $2,275 worth per
year for an average family of 4
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WHY FOCUS ON FOOD LOSS AND WASTE?
1. The amounts are staggering
A great waste of the resource used to produce those food
Water: 70% of global freshwater withdrawals are used for
irrigation (Postel et al., 1996).
Land use: 37% of the earth’s land surface is occupied by
agricultural lands, and 70% of the grassland, 50% of savanna,
45% of the temperate deciduous forest, and 27% of the tropical
forest biome is cleared or converted by agricultural (Pretty, 2008).
Labor, agricultural investment,…
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WHY FOCUS ON FOOD LOSS
AND WASTE?
2. People need the wasted food - now
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WHY FOCUS ON FOOD LOSS AND WASTE?
2. People need the wasted food - now
Wholesome food that is wasted could help
feed people in need
Source: The American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) and the Food Research & Action Center (FRAC)
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WHY FOCUS ON FOOD LOSS AND WASTE?
2. People need the wasted food - now
Wholesome food that is wasted could help
feed people in need
Source: The American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) and the Food
Research & Action Center (FRAC) Source: United Nation World Food Programme, Hunger Map 2014
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WHY FOCUS ON FOOD LOSS AND WASTE?
2. People need the wasted food - now
Feeding America, a hunger-relief charity, estimates that
there are billions of pounds of potentially usable food loss in
the U.S. food supply chain
• 48 billion pounds pre-distribution
• 22 billion pounds in local markets
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WHY FOCUS ON FOOD LOSS
AND WASTE?
3. Environmental Cost
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WHY FOCUS ON FOOD LOSS AND WASTE?
3. Environmental Cost
Source: World Resources Institute 15
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WHY FOCUS ON FOOD LOSS AND WASTE?
3. Environmental Cost
Food is the single largest component of
municipal solid waste going to landfills
(~21%) and the U.S is running out of
landfill space
Landfills generate 20% of the nation’s
emission of greenhouse gas
Bacteria breaks down food waste into
more harmful components that pollute
water and soil
Source: http://gazasia.com/biogas-source/landfill-sites-2/
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GOAL: CUT FOOD LOSS AND
WASTE IN HALF
U.N. Sustainable Development Goal #12 (Lipinski,
O’Connor, and Hanson 2016)
In September 2015, USDA joined with EPA to
announce the United States' first-ever national food
waste reduction goal, calling for a 50-percent
reduction by 2030
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GOAL: CUT FOOD LOSS AND
WASTE IN HALF
USDA estimates that in the United
States, 21 percent of the food supply
is wasted at the consumer level –
this represents nearly 2/3 of all
wasted food
Consumers and communities are key
Source: Godfray et al (2010)
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DEVELOPED COUNTRIES –
CAUSES OF FOOD WASTE
Cost of food waste
Consumer: The replacement cost of uneaten food;
Environment cost; Social cost
Benefits of food waste
Consumer: The expected avoided damages,
including avoided pain, suffering, time loss and all
other health and financial costs from eating aging
food; reduced time cost; reduced cost of having
insufficient food.
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MARGINAL BENEFITS AND
COSTS OF FOOD WASTE
Source: Qi and Roe (2015) 20
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HOUSEHOLD FOOD WASTE:AWARENESS AND ATTITUDES AMONG
U.S. CONSUMERS
77%
70%
59%
58%
53%
51%
42%
24%
14%
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90
Feel guilty when throwing away food
Throwing away food if the package date has passed reduces chance of foodborne
illness
Some food waste is necessary to make sure meals taste fresh and good
Throwing away food is bad for the environment
Waste more food when bought in large packages or large quantities during sales
It would be difficult to reduce household food waste further
Throwing away food is a major source of wasted money
Don't have enough time to worry about the amount of food wasted
Your household wastes more food than other households of your size
Percent
Agree Strongly Agree SomewhatSource: Qi and Roe (2016)
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HOUSEHOLD FOOD WASTE:
DATE LABELS CONFUSION
INTRODUCTION TO FOOD WASTE
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HOUSEHOLD FOOD WASTE:
DATE LABELS CONFUSION
Do you agree with the following statement?
Throwing away food if the package date has passed reduces
the chance someone will get sick from eating the food
1. Agree
2. Disagree
3. Not sure
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77%
70%
59%
58%
53%
51%
42%
24%
14%
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90
Feel guilty when throwing away food
Throwing away food if the package date has passed reduces chance of foodborne
illness
Some food waste is necessary to make sure meals taste fresh and good
Throwing away food is bad for the environment
Waste more food when bought in large packages or large quantities during sales
It would be difficult to reduce household food waste further
Throwing away food is a major source of wasted money
Don't have enough time to worry about the amount of food wasted
Your household wastes more food than other households of your size
Percent
Agree Strongly Agree SomewhatSource: Qi and Roe (2016)
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HOUSEHOLD FOOD WASTE:
DATE LABELS CONFUSION
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HOUSEHOLD FOOD WASTE:
DATE LABELS CONFUSION
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0:00-3:11 ADAM RUINS EVERYTHING:WHAT THE DATE LABELS ON FOOD ACTUALLY MEAN
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HOUSEHOLD FOOD WASTE:
DATE LABELS CONFUSION
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…, but in fact for
most foods the date is a
manufacturer’s BEST
GUESS as to how long
the product will be at
its PEAK QUALITY. Food
quality
indicator
Source: Leib et al (2016)
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HOUSEHOLD FOOD WASTE:
DATE LABELS CONFUSION
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A U.K. study found that
20% of consumer waste
occurs because of date
label confusion
Source: Leib et al (2016)
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HOUSEHOLD FOOD WASTE:
DATE LABELS CONFUSION
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HOW DATE LABELS INFLUENCE
DISCARDING BEHAVIOR
Source: Roe et al (2018) 29
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HOUSEHOLD FOOD WASTE:
ENVIRONMENT COST
INTRODUCTION TO FOOD WASTE
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77%
70%
59%
58%
53%
51%
42%
24%
14%
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90
Feel guilty when throwing away food
Throwing away food if the package date has passed reduces chance of foodborne
illness
Some food waste is necessary to make sure meals taste fresh and good
Throwing away food is bad for the environment
Waste more food when bought in large packages or large quantities during sales
It would be difficult to reduce household food waste further
Throwing away food is a major source of wasted money
Don't have enough time to worry about the amount of food wasted
Your household wastes more food than other households of your size
Percent
Agree Strongly Agree SomewhatSource: Qi and Roe (2016) 31
HOUSEHOLD FOOD WASTE:
ENVIRONMENT COST
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FOOD WASTE VS ENVIRONMENT
Source: http://gazasia.com/biogas-source/landfill-
sites-2/
Source: World Resource Institute Source: Qi and Roe (2017)
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HOW FW MESSAGES INFLUENCE
PLATE WASTE BEHAVIOR
Average Grams of Solid Waste Discarded
41 38 9 29 0
10
20
30
40
50
Base:
FLxLandfill
Comp:
FLxComp
FW:
FWxLandfill
Both:
FWxComp
Source: Qi and Roe (2017)
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HOW FW MESSAGES INFLUENCE
PLATE WASTE BEHAVIOR
Average Grams of Solid Waste Discarded
41 38 9 29 0
10
20
30
40
50
Base:
FLxLandfill
Comp:
FLxComp
FW:
FWxLandfill
Both:
FWxComp
Source: Qi and Roe (2017)
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HOW FW MESSAGES INFLUENCE
PLATE WASTE BEHAVIOR
Source: Qi and Roe (2017)
35
Average Percentage of Selected
Food Being Consumed
Average Percentage of
Subjects Cleaning Plates
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HOUSEHOLD FOOD WASTE:
ECONOMIC COST
INTRODUCTION TO FOOD WASTE
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HOUSEHOLD FOOD WASTE:ECONOMIC COST
77%
70%
59%
58%
53%
51%
42%
24%
14%
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90
Feel guilty when throwing away food
Throwing away food if the package date has passed reduces chance of foodborne
illness
Some food waste is necessary to make sure meals taste fresh and good
Throwing away food is bad for the environment
Waste more food when bought in large packages or large quantities during sales
It would be difficult to reduce household food waste further
Throwing away food is a major source of wasted money
Don't have enough time to worry about the amount of food wasted
Your household wastes more food than other households of your size
Percent
Agree Strongly Agree SomewhatSource: Qi and Roe (2016)
37
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HOUSEHOLD FOOD WASTE:ECONOMIC COST
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FOOD WASTE TAXES AND FEES
39
South Korea cuts food waste with 'pay as you trash'
South Korean housewife Cho Sung Ja using an RFID food waste disposal
system that is able to weigh how much trash each household generates and bill
it accordingly. She lives in a three-bedroom apartment with her husband and
son in Mapo, a mid-sized district in Seoul. Source: The Straits Times
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FOOD WASTE TAXES AND FEES
40 Source: NPR
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FOOD WASTE TAXES AND FEES
41
Source: Katare et al (2017)
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FOOD WASTE TAXES AND FEES
42 Source: NPR Source: The Seattle Times
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Discussion: Should we have food waste
tax/fee to achieve food waste reduction?
43
GROUP DISCUSSION: FOOD
WASTE TAXES AND FEES
Source: The Straits Times Source: The Seattle Times
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HOUSEHOLD FOOD WASTE:
MEASUREMENT OF FOOD WASTE
INTRODUCTION TO FOOD WASTE
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Do you agree with the following statement?
Your household wastes more food than other
households of your size
1. Agree
2. Disagree
45
HOUSEHOLD FOOD WASTE:MEASUREMENT OF FOOD WASTE
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77%
70%
59%
58%
53%
51%
42%
24%
14%
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90
Feel guilty when throwing away food
Throwing away food if the package date has passed reduces chance of foodborne
illness
Some food waste is necessary to make sure meals taste fresh and good
Throwing away food is bad for the environment
Waste more food when bought in large packages or large quantities during sales
It would be difficult to reduce household food waste further
Throwing away food is a major source of wasted money
Don't have enough time to worry about the amount of food wasted
Your household wastes more food than other households of your size
Percent
Agree Strongly Agree SomewhatSource: Qi and Roe (2016)
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HOUSEHOLD FOOD WASTE:MEASUREMENT OF FOOD WASTE
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Household Food Waste diaries
47
HOUSEHOLD FOOD WASTE:MEASUREMENT OF FOOD WASTE
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Source: WRAP 2012 48
HOUSEHOLD FOOD WASTE:MEASUREMENT OF FOOD WASTE
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Household Food Waste diaries
Household Waste Stream Composition Analysis
49
HOUSEHOLD FOOD WASTE:MEASUREMENT OF FOOD WASTE
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FOODIMAGE APP
50
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FOODIMAGE APP
Source: Roe et al (2018) 51
Food intake 97%
[CATEGORY NAME] 30%
[CATEGORY NAME] 29%
Meat, poultry, fish &mixture
16%
[CATEGORY NAME] 14%
[CATEGORY NAME] 5%
[CATEGORY NAME] 4%
[CATEGORY NAME] 1%
[CATEGORY NAME] 1%
[CATEGORY NAME] 1%
Plate Waste [PERCENTAGE]
Plate Waste Composition (average per item)
Food Selected (average
per item):169.96g
Plate Waste (average
per item): 5.63g
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FOODIMAGE APP –
LEARNING AT HOME
0.00%
1.00%
2.00%
3.00%
4.00%
5.00%
6.00%
Day 1 Day 2 Day 3 Day 4 Day 5 Day 6
Plate Waste Rate
Source: Qi et al (2018)
52
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FOOD RECOVERY HIERARCHY
https://www.epa.gov/recycle/reducing-wasted-food-home 53
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HOW CAN WE REDUCE FOOD WASTE?
54
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Food Flows Mapping
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56