Food Security in the light of Climate Change and Bioenergy – Challenges for Research in...
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Africa-Day at ZALF„Food Security in the light of Climate Change and Bioenergy – Challenges forResearch in Sub-Saharan Africa“21.10.2013 Stefan Sieber et al.
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Karibu! Welcome! 10:00-10:15
Welcome Address, Prof. Hubert Wiggering, Prof. Klaus Müller
10:15-10:30
Introduction of participating Institutions and Guests
10:30-11:15
Presentation of Research Projects in Sub-Saharan Africa at ZALF: selected topics and research designs. (Stefan Sieber, ZALF)
11:15-11:45
Trans-SEC „Innovating pro-poor Strategies to safeguard Food Security using Technology and Knowledge Transfer: A people-centred Approach” (Frieder Graef, ZALF)
11:45-12:15 Discussion
12:15-13:15
Lunch
13:15-13:45 ZALF Institutes – A guided walk on the campus and press picture
13:45 -16:00 Presentations and notes of invited experts: Presentation on the GlobE program (Frank Jansen, PTJ/BMBF) Presentation on JRC-IPTS Research Projects on African agriculture. Focus on micro and
regional levels (Sergio Gomez y Paloma, EU Commission).
16:00-16:30 Discussion on further development of presented research activities and collaboration possibilities between present institutions
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Story 1: ZALF in Sub-Saharan Africa
• ZALF• Projects in SS-Africa• Projects in Tanzania
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ZALF e.V.
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ZALF e.V.
• Leibniz-Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research – The ZALF e.V. is member of the Leibniz- Association– The statutory remit of ZALF is to scientifically explore
ecosystems in agricultural landscapes and to develop ecologically and economically acceptable land use systems.
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ZALF e.V.
• Leibniz-Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research – 7 Institutes, Staff 400, Budget approx. 32 m €– Projects are implemented at Institute of Socio-
Economics – 17 people in Trans-SEC
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ZALF Team
1. Stefan Sieber 2. Dirk Pohle3. Karin Stahl4. Harry Hoffmann5. Götz Uckert6. Jane Wambura 7. Katharina Löhr8. Constanze Reif9. Amjath Babu10. Frieder Graef11. Jana Schindler12. Meike Schäfer 13. Ottfried Dietrich 14. Marcos Lana15. Christian Kersebaum16. Katharina Helming17. Hannes König
A
B
C
D
E1. Rosi Siebert2. Peter Zander3. Johannes Schuler4. Tim Ndah
F Associated
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Topics
• ZALF Team 1. Stefan Sieber 2. Dirk Pohle3. Karin Stahl4. Harry Hoffmann5. Götz Uckert6. Jane Wambura 7. Katharina Löhr8. Constanze Reif9. Amjath Babu10. Frieder Graef11. Jana Schindler12. Meike Schäfer 13. Ottfried Dietrich 14. Marcos Lana15. Christian Kersebaum16. Katharina Helming17. Hannes König
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B
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Dorate
Direct
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Institutes
• ZALF Team
E
1. Stefan Sieber 2. Dirk Pohle3. Karin Stahl4. Harry Hoffmann5. Götz Uckert6. Jane Wambura 7. Katharina Löhr8. Constanze Reif9. Amjath Babu10. Frieder Graef11. Jana Schindler12. Meike Schäfer 13. Ottfried Dietrich 14. Marcos Lana15. Christian Kersebaum16. Katharina Helming17. Hannes König
A
B
C
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E
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12 Projects in Sub-Saharan Africa
1. Trans-SEC 2 Innovating pro-poor Strategies to safeguard Food Security using Technology and Knowledge Transfer: A people-centred Approach (BMBF/BMZ)
2. FSA Africa FSA Linking Innovations along Value Chains in Landscape Systems (ZALF)
3. IA-Africa Impact Assessments for Food Security-Policies in Sub-Saharan Africa (ZALF)
4. Trans-SEC 1 Innovating pro-poor Strategies to safeguard Food Security using Technology and Knowledge Transfer: A people-centred Approach (BMBF/BMZ)
5. PES-Africa Payments for Ecosystem Services (German Embassy, Kenya)6. Better-iS Bioenergy - Strategies to use biomass value chain potential for
sub-Saharan Africa to better respond to global change (BMZ) 7. ReACCT Climate Change Impact Assessment and adaptation options in
vulnerable agro-landscapes in East Africa (BMZ)
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8. SUB-SAHARA Strategies for Adapting to Climate Change in Rural Sub-Saharan with R. Siebert Africa: Targeting the Most Vulnerable (BMZ)9. CA2Africa Conservation Agriculture in AFRICA: Analyzing and Foreseeing Peter Zander its Impact - Comprehending its Adoption (EU FP7)10. LUPIS Land use policies and sustainable development in developing with K. Helming countries (EU FP6)11. Globe 2 Development of the Scaling-up Assessment Tool ScalA (BMZ)12. Globe 1 Sustainable Agriculture as an approach to achieve pro-poor
growth in developing countries (BMVEL)
12 Projects in Sub-Saharan Africa
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Resilient Agro-landscapes to Climate Change in Tanzania
Coordinator: ZALF1,3 Mio GIZ
Biofuel evaluation for Tanzanian Technological Efficiency using Renewables – integrated Strategies Coordinator: ZALF1,1 MioGIZ
Strategies for Adapting to Climate Change in Rural Sub-Saharan Africa: Targeting the Most VulnerableCoordinator: IFPRI1,3 MioGIZ
Up-Scaling of Good Agricultural Practices
Coordinator: ZALF0,2 Mio BMELF/GIZ
Innovating pro-poor strategies to safeguard Food Security using technology and knowledge transferCoordinator: ZALF7,5+0.1 MioBMBF/GIZ
Tanzania - 11.5 M Euro
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CC Projection
Bio-economic modeling
Hydrological modeling
CGE and Crop modeling
Remote Sensing
Dendrochronology
Crop sample areas
HH survey, focus groups
Value chain analysis
Stakeholder processes
Methods m
acro
-leve
l
Time
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Temperature, precipitation change (downscaled A1B IPCC) http://www.reacctanzania.com/
Climate change projection M. Büchner/ PIK
+3 °C
- 50 mm+ 150 mm
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Impact Model Food security S. Msangi/ IFPRI
• SecF: Less trade, technical progress, economic demand• SusF: More environmental protection, efficient energy usage and
technologies, emphasis on yield productivity = Driver analysis of MaA has high impact on food security
Baseline SecurityFirst SustainabilityFirst0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
Impact Modeling (IFPRI): Child Malnutrition for Tanzania(millions of children, age 0-5)
2000
2010
2020
mil
lio
ns
of
un
der
no
uri
shed
ch
ild
ren
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DSSAT Crop Modeling Results J. Bobert, C. Kersebaum
• Land use change and climate change lead to: • increasing pressure on natural resources• Instable food security due to fluctuating yields
Indicator Past Current Future
agriculture land fraction
precipitation in dry seasonprecipitation in rain season
water availability in rain season
water availability throughout the year
total yield in vuli and masika seasons
yield security without adaptation measures
Un
cert
ain
Field trials: Observed data to be used in DSSAT model analysis
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SWAT modeling results M. Natkhin, O. Dietrich, M. Schäfer
• Land use change and climate change lead to: • Increase of surface runoff and flood peaks• Longer duration of river low flows in catchments
Indicator Past Current Future
Agriculture land fraction
Precipitation in dry seasonPrecipitation in rain season
Annual flood peak
surface runoff & vulnerability erosion
Time with low flow
Water availability in dry season
Un
cert
ain
SWAT model: Land use change and climate change analysis, Ngerengegere catchment / observed data
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Value chain analysis G. Uckert, H. Hoffmann
Pho
tos:
Sie
ber,
Uck
ert
Reduction of negative side-effect not feasible
Ex-ante assessment- high opportunity costs of labor
- Jatropha compete with food production- As support plant for vanilla, pepper
for high value production feasible
Impact evaluation
Jatropha
Palm oil
SVO/MFP
Wood
Master ThesisKarwani in Rungwe District
(FELISA)Palm oilsurvey
(Tandai)Woodfuelsurvey
(MFP + Prokon)Jatrophasurvey
Jatropha Reference sitesJPTL, KabirLenguriki/MFP
Master ThesisNtabaye in Bagamoyo District
Master ThesisKisangi in Kisarawa District
Master ThesIsMahooin Monduli/Arumeru District
Jatropha
Palm oil
SVO/MFP
Wood
Master ThesisKarwani in Rungwe District
(FELISA)Palm oilsurvey
(Tandai)Woodfuelsurvey
(MFP + Prokon)Jatrophasurvey
Jatropha Reference sitesJPTL, KabirLenguriki/MFP
Master ThesisNtabaye in Bagamoyo District
Master ThesisKisangi in Kisarawa District
Master ThesIsMahooin Monduli/Arumeru District
Jatropha
Palm oil
SVO/MFP
Wood
Master ThesisKarwani in Rungwe District
(FELISA)Palm oilsurvey
(Tandai)Woodfuelsurvey
(MFP + Prokon)Jatrophasurvey
Jatropha Reference sitesJPTL, KabirLenguriki/MFP
Master ThesisNtabaye in Bagamoyo District
Master ThesisKisangi in Kisarawa District
Master ThesIsMahooin Monduli/Arumeru District
Surveys on value chains of woody biomass,sunflower, Jatropha and palm oil(1) Local consumption, (2) sustainability, (3) economic viability, (3) market access/functioning
Charcoal
Pressure on land and resources
Multifunctional Platform
Alternative energy systems
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Participative DSS SCALA S. Polreich et al.
Participative Decision Making for Good Practicesat community level
Development financed by…
•BMVEL•GTZ Sustainet•GTZ Sektorvorhaben „Nachhaltige Ressourcennutzungin der Landwirtschaft“•BETTER-iS (GTZ/BEAF•REACCT (GTZ/BEAF)
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Participative DSS Tim Ndah, Johannes Schuler, Peter Zander
Project goal
• to assess and learn jointly from past and on-going CA experiences under which conditions and to what extent does CA strengthen the socio-economic position of landholders in Africa.
• To identify knowledge gaps for future research, development and promotion of CA.
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Good Practices T. Below
Below et al. 2010
Farm and crop-management:· Mixed cropping· Grow vegetables in off-season· Drought-resistant crops (cassava, sorghum, millet, groundnut, sunflower)· Short maturing varieties· Apply farmyard manure· Extend farmland outside of the ward· Extend farmland within the ward· Fallowing· Crop rotation· Apply inorganic fertilizer· Agroforestry
• Set of GP needs to be assembled to region-explicit conditions to maximize effectiveness and efficiency
= Ranked GP to site conditions stabilize yields
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Story 2: Trans-SEC Project
• At a glance • Objectives• Partners• Research Design• Outputs• WP Organisation
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Trans-SEC
At a glance
• 7,5 M Euro 7.1 M BMBF / 400,000 Euro BMZ• Managing PTJ / GIZ on behalf of BMBF / BMZ • 3 + 2 Years Evaluation after 3 years• F. Graef Scientific Coordinator• S. Sieber General Manager
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Objectives
• Improvement of food situation for the most-vulnerable rural poor population in Tanzania,
• Identification of successful food securing upgrading strategies along local and regional FVC
• Testing UGS and adjust them to site-specific, sustainable settings,
• Dissemination of concepts for national outreach,• Implementation at different levels of policy,
extension and research.
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USPs Research
• An integrated food value chain (FVC) approach • Local and regional knowledge on site conditions.
(“Not to re-invent the wheel”)
• Extraordinary high level of participation. (“South-South and North-South learning”)
• Action research, national dissemination/up-scaling (“Testing the implementation capability is the key for success”)
• Risks, success and lessons learnt from failure (“Liebig`s law of minimum constraints”)
• Models: SWIM, LPJmL, IMPACT, Hermes, DSSAT (“Foresight, simulation for future scenarios”)
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90 Trans-SEC Consortium
?
Mtandao wa Vikundi vya Wakulima Tanzania
Europa University Viadrina
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Research Design
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Research design
Stakeholder Involvement
Demand-drivenApproach
Food Security
• Broad topics around Food Security / FVC from institutional, policy, societal and production levels
• Emphasis of pre-defined topics may change
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Research Topics
Topic
Addressed issues of the call
Additional issuesHigh emphasis Considered with medium emphasis
Considered, but lower emphasis
Natural resources
soil, water material flows and nutrient cycles
Productionfood production, food quality
human nutrition health markets
Value chainpost-harvest processing
reduction of food value chain losses
waste management
Region and gender
site- and region-specific solutions
gender-specific structures
participation, societal differences, policies, institutions
Plants plants / plant
breeding
Biomass/energy biomass /
bioenergy waste management
Livestock animals in food
systemwaste management
Involvement of Professionals
Ad-hoc serviceson your request
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Research Design
CPM-System
• Professional team of supervisors, mediators, team- builder
• Accompanying services for Trans-SEC consortium
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Research Design
Science
Trans-SEC
World
Policy,ServicesVillages
Public
Village 1
Village 2
Village 1
Village 2
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Outputs
Science
Public
Trans-SEC
World
• Data base on Food Value Chains • Surveys, Interviews, Information Systems, DSS• Model Systems (Impact, SWIM, LPJmL, Hermes, DSSAT)• Publications• Policy Briefs, Leaflets, Guides• 8 Documentaries on Trans-SEC topics• TV, newspapers, press releases• Public networks, homepage• CPM-System, Supervision, Mediation, Teambuilding• Capacity Building, Exchange PhD, Conferences• Project applications
Policy, ServiceVillages
• Policy Programs • Farmers Schools• Village level
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WP Structure
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Story 3: The Trans-SEC Management
• Management • Homepage• Infrastructure
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Organigram
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Mapping partners
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Homepage www.trans-sec.org
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Infrastructure
• Services for Transport & 4 Vehicles• Meeting rooms at SUA and ARIs, contact persons• Access to 4 villages via our African partners• Assistance for facilitation of workshops, focus groups
and surveys, interview
• Support for financial management, reporting• Support for research stays in Germany
Source: Fess et al., 2011. sustainability
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Infrastructure
Venues 4 Cars Training&CPM
Equipment MoUs
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Infrastructure
SUA/ARI People Village Sites
Workshop Mobility
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Infrastructure
Farmers Young researcher
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Asante sana for your attention!
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Story 1: The GlobE Program
• Objectives• Funding Scheme• Partner Projects
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Objectives of GlobE
• Global Food Security GlobE• National Research Strategy „BioEconomy
2030“• 2010 started by the German Government• Aim is the TRANSFORMATION from an oil –
based industry and society to a biomass – based industry and society
• Five key challenges were selected as a starting point: Ensuring global nutrition
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Objectives of GlobE
• Participatory design of German-African research networks which focus on the food system
• Identifying and solving central problems related to the overarching food system in Africa
• Developing regionally adapted research solutions based on a solid situation analysis of the region
• Supporting and further developing research capacities in Germany and in the African partner countries
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Funding Scheme
BMBF (Federal Ministry of Education and Research)
PT - Jülich
African Partner- Universities- Research
Centers- Companies- etc.
German Partner- Universities- Research
Centers- Companies- etc.
iARC- CGIAR- IFPRI- icipe- AVRDC
BMZ (Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and
Development)
GIZ
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Funding Scheme
GlobE - EvaluationGlobE – Global food security
funding period I
Delivery of concepts
funding period II
implementation of concepts
Result:15 out of 52 proposals
Result:6 out of 15 concepts
Trans-SEC Workshop
Budget of 45 M Euro • „Wetlands“ Wetlands in East Africa: reconciling future
food production with environmental protection -> Kenya, Uganda, Rwanda, Tanzania• „HORTINLEA“ Horticultural Innovations and Learning for
Improved Nutrition And Livelihood in East Africa-> Kenya, Tanzania, Ethiopia• „RELOAD“ Reduction of Post Harvest Losses and Value
Addition in East African Food Value Chains -> Ethiopia, Uganda, Kenya
6 GlobE projects
• "BiomassWeb" Improving Food Security in Africa through Increased System Productivity of Biomass-based Webs
-> Ghana, Nigeria, Ethiopia• “UrbanFoodPlus” African-German partnership to
enhance resource use efficiency in urban and peri-urban agriculture in West African cities
-> Burkina Faso, Ghana, Mali, Cameroon• “Trans-SEC” Innovating pro-poor Strategies to safeguard
Food Security using Technology and Knowledge Transfer-> Tanzania
6 GlobE projects
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6 GlobE projects
• Tanzania• Kenya• Uganda • Rwanda• Ethiopia• Ghana• Nigeria• Burkina Faso • Mali • Cameroon