Human security and food security hunger, food insecurity and malnutrition
Food Security APF Food Security Forum 13 th January 2012 Stineke Oenema.
-
Upload
bridget-gilmore -
Category
Documents
-
view
214 -
download
0
Transcript of Food Security APF Food Security Forum 13 th January 2012 Stineke Oenema.
Food Security
APF Food Security Forum13th January 2012Stineke Oenema
This presentation
Food Security: definition
Global context
Right to Food
Theories of Change
Conclusions?
Definition
Food security exists when aIl people, at all times, have physical, social and economic access to sufficient, safe and nutritious food to meet their dietary needs and food preferences for an active and healthy life.
Nutritional component is integral to the concept of food security
Nutrition security brings the concept of food security down to the individual level
Definition
Four pillars
•Availability of adequate food
•Access to adequate food
•Utilization (nutrition)
•Stability/sustainability
Global context
•1 B people are food insecure, 2 B inadequate nutrition
•Majority directly or indirectly dependent on agriculture, small and land less producers.
•Women deserve special attention because they are farmers and responsible for household food security and because they are more vulnerable.
•Agriculture is key to food security, however not the only “ key” : Land, water (natural resources) gender, nutrition, power imbalances and conflicts, climate and emergencies etc
•Link with other crises: economic, financial, climate system crisis
Right to Food
The right to have regular, permanent and unrestricted access, either directly or by means of financial purchases, to quantitatively and qualitatively adequate and sufficient food corresponding to the cultural traditions of the people to which the consumer belongs, and which ensure a physical and mental, individual and collective, fulfilling and dignified life free of fear.
O. De Schutter
Theories of Change and policies
- UNICEF framework- FIVIMS - CDI/WUR- Dutch policy (DDE and ELI)- Agri Profocus- ICCO
UNICEF Framework
Poor water/sanitation and
inadequate healthservices
Child malnutrition,death and disability
Inadequate maternal and child-
care practices
Insufficient accessto food
Quantity and quality of actualresources - human, economicand organizational - and the
way they are controlled
Potential resources: environment, technology, people
Figure 1: Causes of Child Malnutrition
Inadequatedietary intake
Disease
Basiccauses atsocietallevel
Outcomes
Immediatecauses
Underlyingcauses athousehold/family level
Political, cultural, religious,economic and social systems,including women’s status, limit theutilization of potential resources
Inadequate and/orinappropriateknowledge anddiscriminatoryattitudes limithousehold access toactual resources
Source: The State of the World’s Children 1998
Food and Nutrition SecurityChronically insecure today – 1-2 billion
Longer term risks for entire global population – 9 billion
Natural Resources Management (Water) and Climate Change Adaptation
Governance and Enabling Environment
Gender Equality
Cross Cutting Issues
Sustainable Agricultural Production
Economic Self-Reliance
Agri-food Sector
Development
Other Sector Development
Household Wealth
National Wealth
Health, Hygiene,
Education
Subsistence Production
Social Safety Nets
Private Sector Development Public Sector Expenditure
Availability UtilisationAccessibility
Inter-ventions
Dutch Policy
Four objectives, together leading to improved food security:
Increased sustainable production Better access to adequate and nutritious food Functioning markets Improved entrepreneurial environment
Agri Profocus Theory of Change
ICCO Alliance
Sphere of control Sphere of influence Sphere of interest
Complementary approaches:
at local level•Tailor-made technical assistance•Sustainable production & storage•Smallholder business organizations•Coalitions of chain actors •Develop rural finance•Source funding opportunities •Focus on gender equity •Nutrition awareness/ education
At national and global levelLobby and networking for :•scaling-up Inclusive value chains•effective public policies, •enabling environment and accountability
Production: strong local actors; strong business services; value addition in chains; Markets: access to markets and information; innovative products and markets; resilience against price volatility; local supply bases (rural-urban connect)Consumption: improved consumption patternsPolicy : inclusive food and agriculture and business policies
Improved local food systems and inclusive value chains
•Smallholder productivity and incomes•Position of women•Household food and nutrition security
Sustainable livelihoods
Smallholders and local-global systems for food security
Conclusions ?
- Frameworks tend to become more and more complicated, including more aspects, but basics remain the same: access availability and utilization
- Current programs of many actors tend to focus on “quick wins” , underlying aspects are hardly tackled
Conclusions ?
- What choices should APF make (being a network) to contribute to improving food security ?
- Make food security visible in TOC- What is the strength of APF with regard to
food security?
THANKS FOR YOUR ATTENTION