Food Safety
description
Transcript of Food Safety
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Orientation for New Food Service WorkersDeborah Minor, MPH student
Walden University PH 6165-3
Instructor: Dr. Jalal GhaemghamiWinter, 2010
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Who might benefit from this presentation?New employees StudentsSupervisory and management staffAnyone who desires a refresher about safe
food handling practices
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Learning ObjectivesUnderstand what is meant by food borne
illness and how often people become ill from contaminated foods
Increase one’s understanding of what agents are most likely to contaminate foods and the illnesses that they cause
Understand practices that are necessary to reduce the risk of food borne illness and your responsibility to prevent spread of these diseases
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What is Food borne Illness?Disease caused by the consumption of
contaminated food productsCommonly referred to as food poisoningSymptoms range from mild to severe
Outbreak = 2 or more people who ate the same food and became ill
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). (n.d.). Food borne Illness. Retrieved January 3, 2010 from http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dbmd/diseaseinfo/foodborneinfections_g.htm#mostcomon
Chin, J. (2000). Control of communicable Disease Manual (17th ed.). Washington D.C. The American Public Health Association.
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Incidence of Food borne Illness
400-500 outbreaks investigated each year76 million cases each year in the U.S.325,000 hospitalizations each year5,000 deaths each year
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). (n.d.). Food borne Illness. Retrieved January 3, 2010 from http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dbmd/diseaseinfo/foodborneinfections_g.htm#mostcommon
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What Causes Food borne Illness?Naturally Poisonous Substances
Poisonous mushrooms and puffer fish Contamination with chemicals
Mercury, lead and pesticides Contamination with agents which cause
infectionBacteria, Viruses, and Parasites
Contamination with toxins
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). (n.d.). Food borne Illness. Retrieved January 3, 2010 from http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dbmd/diseaseinfo/foodborneinfections_g.htm#mostcommon
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When do symptoms to begin?
Immediate Several Hours Several Days Weeks
Scombrotoxin Salmonella E.Coli Hepatitis A
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). (n.d.). Marine Toxins. Retrieved January 18, 2010 from http;//www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dbmd/diseaseinfo/marinetoxins_ghtm.
Chin, J. (2000). Control of communicable Disease Manual (17th ed.). Washington D.C. The American Public Health Association.
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Specific microbial agents which cause food borne illnessViruses
Hepatitis A virusNorwalk-like viruses
BacteriaCampylobacter jejuniListeria monocytogenesE.Coli 0157:H7SalmonellaShigella sonnei
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Hepatitis A virusOnset: 28-30 days Symptoms: fever, tiredness, nausea, abdominal
pain & jaundice Source: ill persons preparing food with soiled
hands & eating raw shellfish or other foods contaminated with human waste
Prevention: hand washing, use of gloves, avoid consumption of raw shellfish and avoid working when ill
Chin, J. (2000). Control of communicable Disease Manual (17th ed.). Washington D.C. The American Public Health Association.
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Norwalk-like VirusesOnset: ½ to 3 daysSymptoms: nausea, vomiting, stomach cramps,
diarrhea, low grade fever and headacheSource: foods contaminated by soiled hands,
contaminated water, fruits and vegetablesPrevention: hand washing, use of gloves,
proper washing of fruits and vegetables, avoid work when ill
Chin, J. (2000). Control of communicable Disease Manual (17th ed.). Washington D.C. The American Public Health Association.
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Campylobacter jejuniOnset: 2-5 daysSymptoms: severe abdominal cramping,
diarrhea, fever, nausea, vomitingSources: raw poultry, raw milk, domestic petsPrevention: cook poultry to 165°F, avoid cross
contamination, pasteurization of dairy products, hand washing
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). (n.d.). Division of Food borne, Bacterial and Mycotic Disease Campylobacter. Retrieved January 10, 2010 from http;//www.cdc.gov/ncczved/dfbmc/disease_listing/camplylobacter_gi.html
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Listeria monocytogenes• Onset: 7-60 days• Symptoms: fever, muscle aches, nausea, diarrhea,
headache, stiff neck, confusion and seizures• Sources: raw meats, vegetables and smoked fish, deli
meats and soft cheeses• Prevention: thorough hand washing, prevent cross
contamination, cook raw meats and wash vegetables.
• Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). (n.d.). Division of Food borne, Bacterial and Mycotic Disease Listeriosis. Retrieved January 10, 2010 from http;//www.cdc.gov/nczved/dfbmd/disease_listing/listeriosis_gi.html
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E. Coli 0157:H7• Onset: 2-8 days• Symptoms: diarrhea (possibly bloody), abdominal
pain, and kidney failure• Source: raw or undercooked meats especially beef,
unpasteurized fruit juices, inadequately treated water.
• Prevention: Cook beef to a minimum of 155°F, avoid unpasteurized juices & dairy products, chlorination of public water supplies and recreational water sources
• Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). (n.d.). Division of Food borne, Bacterial and Mycotic Disease Escherichia coli. Retrieved January 10, 2010 from http;//www.cdc.gov/nczved/dfdmd/disease_listing/stec_gi.html
• Chin, J. (2000). Control of communicable Disease Manual (17th ed.). Washington D.C. The American Public Health Association.
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SalmonellaOnset: 12 – 72 hours Symptoms: diarrhea, abdominal cramps, fever,
headache, nausea and sometimes vomitingSource: eggs, raw meats, raw poultry and humansPrevention: avoid cross contamination, cook eggs,
meat and poultry thoroughly, do not work when ill
• Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). (n.d.). Division of Food borne, Bacterial and Mycotic Disease Salmonellosis. Retrieved January 10, 2010 from http;//www.cdc.gov/nczved/dfdmd/disease_listing/salmonellosis_gi.html#6
• Chin, J. (2000). Control of communicable Disease Manual (17th ed.). Washington D.C. The American Public Health Association.
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Shigella sonneiOnset: 1-2 daysSymptoms: diarrhea, fever, abdominal crampsSource: infected humans, sewage polluted water,
foods contaminated by soiled human handsPrevention: do not work when ill and never touch
ready-to-eat foods with ungloved hands
• Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). (n.d.). Division of Food borne, Bacterial and Mycotic Disease Shigellosis. Retrieved January 10, 2010 from http;//www.cdc.gov/nczved/dfdmd/disease_listing/shigellosis_gi.html
• Chin, J. (2000). Control of communicable Disease Manual (17th ed.). Washington D.C. The American Public Health Association.
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How can food become contaminated?During Slaughter
Through irrigation
During food processing, preparation and storage
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Actions which can lead to Food borne IllnessInadequate Refrigeration
Food left sitting out Mechanical problems
Inadequate CoolingDeep pot storage Counter cooling
Inadequate CookingAppears hot but cold
insideMeat & poultry not well
doneInadequate Hot Holding
Cooked food kept under 140°
Inadequate ReheatingFood didn’t reach 165°
Infected Food HandlerIll worker in the kitchen
Cross contamination by raw foodRaw meat juices on
cutting boards, hands or cloths
Contaminated FoodDelivered with bacteria
viruses & toxinsConsumption of Raw
Food of Animal originClams, eggs, fish & milk
Preparation Several Hours ahead of the Meal
U.S. Food and Drug Administration. (n.d.). Food Retrieved January 17, 2010 from http://www.fda.gov/Food/FoodSafety/RetailFoodProtection/FoodborenillnessandRiskFactorReduction/ucm122832.htm
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Steps to Prevent Food borne Illness CookSeparateChillCleanDon’t be a source of infectionReport concerns
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Proper Cooking and Reheating Cook to the proper temperature
Reheat Appropriately
Food Required Temperature
Rare roast beef & beef steak
130° F
Shell eggs & egg containing foods
145°
Pork 150°
Ground Meat 158°
Poultry, poultry stuffing, stuffed meats & stuffing containing meat
165°
All cooked foods must be reheated to 165° or above within 2 hours
Once reheated hold above 140° until served
New York State Department of Health (NYSDOH). (n.d.). Cooling & Reheating of Potentially Hazardous Foods. Retrieved January 3, 2010 from http://www.nyhealth.gov/environmental/indoors/food_safety/coolheat.htm
Don’t guess --ALWAYS use a thermometer to check temperatures
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Separate: During Preparation During StorageDo not share utensils and
surfaces for raw and cooked foods
Serve cooked meat on a clean platter
Don’t pool eggs
Place raw meats, fish and poultry lower than other foods
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). (n.d.). Food borne Illness. Retrieved January 3, 2010 from http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod//dbmd/diseaseinfo/foodborneinfections_g.htm#mostcommon
Do not Mix
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Proper Cold Storage and Cooling Maintain
Refrigerator Temperature at 40°F
Maintain Freezer Temperature at 0 -¯10° F
Rapid Cooling Reduce temp from
120° to 70° within 2 hours
Further reduce temp from 70° to 45° or colder within 4 additional hours
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). (n.d.). Food borne Illness. Retrieved January 3, 2010 from htttp://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dbmd/diseaseinfo/foodborneinfections_g.htm#mostcommonNew York State Department of Health (NYSDOH). (n.d.). Cooling & Reheating of Potentially Hazardous Foods. Retrieved January 3, 2010 from http://www.nyhealth.gov/environmental/indoors/food_safety/coolheat.htm
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Methods to Achieve Rapid CoolingIce BathTransfer to shallow uncovered pansCut solid foods into smaller portions
New York State Department of Health (NYSDOH). (n.d.). Cooling & Reheating of Potentially Hazardous Foods. Retrieved January 3, 2010 from http://www.nyhealth.gov/environmental/indoors/food_safety/coolheat.htm
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Clean Clean produce prior to slicing through the
surface
Discard outermost leaves
Clean and bleach cutting boards, prep surfaces, slicers, and utensils
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Prevent food contamination by:STAYING home if you
are sickHANDWASHING
Before starting workBefore putting on glovesAfter touching raw fresh
or frozen beef, poultry, fish or meat
After mopping, sweeping, removing garbage, or using the telephone
After using the bathroomAfter smoking, eating,
sneezing or drinkingAfter touching anything
that might be contaminated
New York State Department of Health (NYSDOH). (n.d.). Hand washing & Glove Use for Food Workers- Questions & Answers. Retrieved January 18, 2010 from http://www.nyhealth.gov/environmental/indoors/food_safety/safety/washing.htmNew York State Department of Health (NYSDOH). (n.d.) NYS Laws and Regulations. Retrieved January 18, 2010 from http://www.health.state.ny.us/nysdoh/phforum/nycrr10.htm
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Ready-to-Eat Foods Must not be Touched with Bare Hands• To avoid contact with
bare hands use:– Disposable Gloves– Forks & Spoons– Tongs– Spatulas– Deli paper– Waxed paper– Napkins
• Foods which are not to be touched with bare hands:
– Fruits & vegetables served raw
– Salads & salad ingredients
– Cold meats & sandwiches– Bread, toast, rolls &
baked goods– Garnishes – Fruit or vegetables for
mixed drinks– Ice– Any food that will not be
thoroughly cooked or reheatedNew York State Department of Health (NYSDOH). (n.d.). Hand washing & Glove Use for Food Workers-
Questions & Answers. Retrieved January 18, 2010 from http://www.nyhealth.gov/environmental/indoors/food_safety/washing.htm
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What are the consequences of a food borne outbreak?Unnecessary illness in customers and
employeesMissed time at workMedical expensesLoss of customers and decreased salesLoss of reputation Lawsuits and legal fees
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Cost Analysis of Hepatitis A outbreakThe Outbreak Details The Cost of the
OutbreakDenver Colorado Nov-
Dec 199244 case of Hepatitis A
associate with a catering facility 10 employees 34 persons who attended
the catered parties ~5,000 people
potentially exposed 16,000 people received
treatment with immune globulin
Disease Control$689,314
Direct care to ill$46,064
Business losses$45,000
Productivity losses$29,328
Total Cost $809,706
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). (n.d.). Cost of Food borne Illness. Retrieved January 17, 2010 from http://www.cdc.gov/owcd/EET/COST/Fixed/3.html
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Who is Responsible for Preventing Food borne Illness?Food consumersFood growers and producersFood inspectors and those who regulate
restaurantsManagers and supervisory staff at food
establishmentsYOU the food service workers
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ResourcesCenters for Disease Control and Prevention
http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dbmd/diseaseinfo/foodborneinfections_g.htm
Food and Drug Administration http://www.fda.gov/Food/FoodSafety/default
New York State Department of Health http://www.nyhealth.gov/environmental/indoors/food_safety/index.htm
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SummaryBe a Safe Food Service Worker Prepare, Cook, Serve and Store Food
Properly Perform frequent and thorough hand
washing Stay home when you are ill Report concerns to your supervisor
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References:Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). (n.d.). Cost of Food borne Illness.
Retrieved January 17, 2010 from http://www.cdc.gov/owcd/EET/COST/Fixed/3.html
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). (n.d.). Food borne Illness. Retrieved January 3, 2010 from http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dbmd/diseaseinfo/foodborneinfections_g.htm#mostcommon
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). (n.d.). Division of Food borne, Bacterial and Mycotic Disease Campylobacter. Retrieved January 10, 2010 from http;//www.cdc.gov/ncczved/dfbmc/disease_listing/camplylobacter_gi.html
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). (n.d.). Division of Food borne, Bacterial and Mycotic Disease Escherichia coli. Retrieved January 10, 2010 from http;//www.cdc.gov/nczved/dfdmd/disease_listing/stec_gi.html
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). (n.d.). Division of Food borne, Bacterial and Mycotic Disease Listeriosis. Retrieved January 10, 2010 from http;//www.cdc.gov/nczved/dfbmd/disease_listing/listeriosis_gi.html
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). (n.d.). Division of Food borne, Bacterial and Mycotic Disease Salmonellosis. Retrieved January 10, 2010 from http;//www.cdc.gov/nczved/dfdmd/disease_listing/salmonellosis_gi.html#6
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). (n.d.). Division of Food borne, Bacterial and Mycotic Disease Shigellosis. Retrieved January 10, 2010 from http;//www.cdc.gov/nczved/dfdmd/disease_listing/shigellosis_gi.html
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References con’t:Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). (n.d.). Division of Food borne, Bacterial
and Mycotic Disease Shigellosis. Retrieved January 10, 2010 from http;//www.cdc.gov/nczved/dfdmd/disease_listing/shigellosis_gi.html
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). (n.d.). Marine Toxins. Retrieved January 18, 2010 from http;//www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dbmd/diseaseinfo/marinetoxins_ghtm.
Chin, J. (2000). Control of communicable disease manual (17th ed.). Washington D.C. The American Public Health Association.
New York State Department of Health (NYSDOH). (n.d.). Cooling & Reheating of Potentially Hazardous Foods. Retrieved January 3, 2010 fromhttp://www.nyhealth.gov/environmental/indoors/food_safety/coolheat.htm
New York State Department of Health (NYSDOH). (n.d.). Hand washing & Glove Use for Food Workers- Questions & Answers. Retrieved January 18, 2010 from http://www.nyhealth.gov/environmental/indoors/food_safety/washing.htm
New York State Department of Health (NYSDOH). (n.d.) NYS Laws and Regulations. Retrieved January 18, 2010 from http://www.health.state.ny.us/nysdoh/phforum/nycrr10.htm
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References con’t:U.S. Food and Drug Administration. (n.d.). Food Retrieved January 17, 2010 from
http://www.fda.gov/Food/FoodSafety/RetailFoodProtection/FoodborenillnessandRiskFactor Reduction/ucm122832.htm