Food for Health Barbara H. Ingham Assistant Professor Extension Food Scientist.
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Transcript of Food for Health Barbara H. Ingham Assistant Professor Extension Food Scientist.
Food for HealthFood for Health
Barbara H. InghamBarbara H. Ingham
Assistant ProfessorAssistant Professor
Extension Food ScientistExtension Food Scientist
Food for HealthFood for Health
• Pharmacy FoodsPharmacy Foods
• Medical FoodsMedical Foods
• Functional FoodsFunctional Foods
Functional FoodFunctional Food
A food product that has been A food product that has been clinically shown to maintain clinically shown to maintain human health or to promote human health or to promote human well-being better than human well-being better than similar traditional foodssimilar traditional foods
Functional FoodsFunctional Foods
Foods and ingredients Foods and ingredients
that may play a role in that may play a role in
optimal healthoptimal health
PhytochemicalsPhytochemicals
Medical edibles from plantsMedical edibles from plants
Medicinal agents from plantsMedicinal agents from plants
• 25% pharmaceutical agents are 25% pharmaceutical agents are extracted from plantsextracted from plants
• 3.2 billion people use plants as 3.2 billion people use plants as primary source of medicineprimary source of medicine
• Can food plants be used to Can food plants be used to prevent or fight disease?prevent or fight disease?
Plant-based ProductsPlant-based ProductsCancer Fighting FoodsCancer Fighting Foods
• Broccoli, garlic, onionsBroccoli, garlic, onions
• SoySoy
• TeaTea
• Tomatoes and tomato sauceTomatoes and tomato sauce
• Spinach and kaleSpinach and kale
• CranberriesCranberries
Sulfur-Containing FoodsSulfur-Containing Foods(Allium Compounds- Sulforaphane)(Allium Compounds- Sulforaphane)
Garlic and OnionsGarlic and Onions
BroccoliBroccoli
SulforaphaneSulforaphane• Healing BenefitsHealing Benefits: Inhibit cancer : Inhibit cancer
cells, lower cholesterol, protect cells, lower cholesterol, protect against heart diseaseagainst heart disease
• Suggested AmountSuggested Amount: : 1-2 garlic cloves a day1-2 garlic cloves a day Let garlic stand for 10 minutes before Let garlic stand for 10 minutes before
heatingheating
SoySoy
Phytoestrogens and IsoflavonesPhytoestrogens and Isoflavones
Levels of PhytoestrogensLevels of Phytoestrogensmg/kgmg/kg
Green beans, fresh, rawGreen beans, fresh, raw 22
Lima beans, raw, dryLima beans, raw, dry 1515
Green split peas, dryGreen split peas, dry 7373
Alfalfa sproutsAlfalfa sprouts 4747
SoybeansSoybeans 340340
TofuTofu 150150
Soy flourSoy flour 230230
SOYSOY
Decreased risk of breast and Decreased risk of breast and ovarian cancerovarian cancer
Decreased atherosclerosisDecreased atherosclerosis Lower blood cholesterolLower blood cholesterol 4 oz tofu; 8 oz soy milk per day4 oz tofu; 8 oz soy milk per day
Green TeaGreen Tea(catechins)(catechins)
Protective effects against cancer Protective effects against cancer and heart diseaseand heart disease
Green Tea- antioxidantsGreen Tea- antioxidants• Fluoride-Fluoride-prevention of tooth decayprevention of tooth decay
• Caffeine-Caffeine-less than coffeeless than coffee
• Phytochemicals- Phytochemicals- stop the activity of cell-stop the activity of cell-damaging free radicalsdamaging free radicals
• Dark chocolate too!Dark chocolate too!• Suggested amount-Suggested amount- 1 cup of tea/day1 cup of tea/day
Tomato-Based ProductsTomato-Based Products
Lycopene: Providing the Lycopene: Providing the redred color color in tomato products, and cancer in tomato products, and cancer
protection too!protection too!
Lycopene Content of FoodsLycopene Content of Foodsmg/100 g wet wtmg/100 g wet wt
Tomatoes, freshTomatoes, fresh 2.02.0Tomatoes, cannedTomatoes, canned 3.73.7Tomato sauceTomato sauce 6.26.2Tomato pasteTomato paste 5.4-15.05.4-15.0Tomato juiceTomato juice 5.0-125.0-12Pizza saucePizza sauce 1313KetchupKetchup 1212Grapefruit, pinkGrapefruit, pink 44WatermelonWatermelon 55
Lycopene- antioxidantLycopene- antioxidant• Protection against breast cancer, Protection against breast cancer,
cancer of the GI tract, and skin cancer of the GI tract, and skin cancercancer
• Protection against Protection against cardiovascular diseasecardiovascular disease
• Suggested amount: 10 servings Suggested amount: 10 servings per weekper week
Spinach and KaleSpinach and Kale(Lutein)(Lutein)
Food sources: kale, spinach, collardsFood sources: kale, spinach, collards Antioxidant that filters UV raysAntioxidant that filters UV rays May protect against cataracts and May protect against cataracts and
macular degenerationmacular degeneration May protect against colon cancerMay protect against colon cancer Suggested amount: ½ C cooked Suggested amount: ½ C cooked
greens or 2 C. raw per daygreens or 2 C. raw per day
Lutein-Rich VegetablesLutein-Rich VegetablesVegetable*Vegetable* Lutein Lutein (mg/100g)(mg/100g)
Raw carrotRaw carrot 0.260.26KaleKale 21.9 21.9 Raw spinachRaw spinach 10.010.0BroccoliBroccoli 1.901.90Green peasGreen peas 1.701.70Leaf lettuceLeaf lettuce 1.801.80Collard greensCollard greens 16.316.3
* Also in oranges, celery, tomatoes. * Also in oranges, celery, tomatoes.
CranberriesCranberries(Anthocyanins)(Anthocyanins)
• Protection against heart diseaseProtection against heart disease• Protection against age-related Protection against age-related
mental declinemental decline• Less pain and inflammation of Less pain and inflammation of
diseases like arthritis and goutdiseases like arthritis and gout• Foods: berries, cherries, grapesFoods: berries, cherries, grapes• Suggested amount: 1 pintSuggested amount: 1 pint
MargarineMargarine(Over-the-Top Functional Food)(Over-the-Top Functional Food)
• Benecol and Take ControlBenecol and Take Control– Stanol and sterol ester-based (plant-based Stanol and sterol ester-based (plant-based
‘cholesterol’)‘cholesterol’)
• 50% of the population has high 50% of the population has high cholesterolcholesterol– 10% reduction in serum cholesterol in 2 weeks10% reduction in serum cholesterol in 2 weeks– Block absorption of LDL in the bloodBlock absorption of LDL in the blood– May reduce risk of CHDMay reduce risk of CHD– Additional benefit if used w/ medicationAdditional benefit if used w/ medication
• Recommended: 2 servings/dayRecommended: 2 servings/day
Animal-Based ProductsAnimal-Based Products
Cancer Fighting FoodsCancer Fighting Foods
• YogurtYogurt
• CLACLA
Conjugated Linoleic AcidConjugated Linoleic Acid
Yogurt- Yogurt- the ultimate functional foodthe ultimate functional food
• Probiotics- products that contain Probiotics- products that contain health-promoting bacteriahealth-promoting bacteria
• Lactic acid bacteria- slow or Lactic acid bacteria- slow or prevent the initiation of tumorsprevent the initiation of tumors
YogurtYogurt
• CalciumCalcium
• ProteinProtein
• B vitaminsB vitamins
• MineralsMinerals(Bacterial supplements have none of (Bacterial supplements have none of
these added benefits)these added benefits)
CLA- CLA- Conjugated Linoleic AcidConjugated Linoleic Acid• One of the most potent naturally One of the most potent naturally
occurring anti-carcinogensoccurring anti-carcinogens
• A component of animal fatA component of animal fat
• Found in dairy products and Found in dairy products and meatmeat
• Suppresses heart disease in Suppresses heart disease in rabbitsrabbits
CLACLA
Physiological Effects:Physiological Effects:
• Animals eat lessAnimals eat less
• Increased body proteinIncreased body protein
• Decreased body fatDecreased body fat
(re-partitioning agent)(re-partitioning agent)
CLA- CLA- Downside RisksDownside Risks
• Associated with fatty foodsAssociated with fatty foods
• Link to cholesterolLink to cholesterol
• Association of some fats and Association of some fats and cancer(?)cancer(?)
Safety of Functional FoodsSafety of Functional Foods• Complicated inter-play between Complicated inter-play between
bioactive compounds and other bioactive compounds and other substancessubstances
• Lack of research on some Lack of research on some ingredientsingredients
• Supplements vs foodsSupplements vs foods