Food Commodities 5 - Eggs and Dairy Product/ chefqtrainer.blogspot.com

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Eggs and Dairy Product Delhindra /chefqtrainer.blogspot.com

Transcript of Food Commodities 5 - Eggs and Dairy Product/ chefqtrainer.blogspot.com

Page 1: Food Commodities 5 - Eggs and Dairy Product/ chefqtrainer.blogspot.com

Eggs and Dairy Product

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Eggs

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Sumber makanan yang murah dan mudah dibuat

berbagai macam variasi makanan

Umumnya digunakan untuk breakfast.

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Chicken

Ducks

Goose

Quails

Types of Eggs

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Terdiri dari 3

bagian:Eggshell Egg

white Egg yolk

Structure of Eggs

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Proteins

Fats

Cholesterol

Calcium

Iron

Potassium

Vitamin A, B-group, D, E & K

Sodium

Chlorine

Sulphur

Water

Nutrients in Eggs

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Panas membuat protein berubah:• – egg white menjadi padat dan buram (opaque)• – egg yolk menjadi padat, kering, dan bubuk (powdery)

Contohnya :Egg fried, boiled, scrambled, poached, steamed or made into omelets, soufflés & custards.

Using Eggs in Cooking

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Egg bisa digunakan untuk membuat :

• Sebagai Main Courses: omelets, Frittata, etc.• Sebagai thickening : soups, sauces, puddings & custards• Sebagai rising agent ( pengembang): cake, Fritter, etc.• Sebagai emulsifier : Egg: mayonnaise• Untuk glazing : pastries & pies to give them a shiny look• Untuk coating food: fish cutlets, Nugget, etc.

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Cheese

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Prinsip pembuatan keju: Pengentalan protein (Curd) didalam susu kemudian dipisahkan

cairan (whey) dengan curd .dengan cara penambahan lemon juice, vinegar, atau bakteri .

Curd diberi garam dan bakteri yang kemudian disimpan di dalam temperatur yang sesuai dengan pengawasan yang sangat ketat.

Jenis bateri , temperatur dan lama penyimpanan menentukan Type of cheese.

Memisahkan protein dengan whey dengan Bakteri Asam Laktat (Lactobacillus), untuk pembuatan Cheese Mozzarella, Swiss

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Bakteri yang digunakan:Ada dua jenis bakteri yang digunakan untuk proses ini pemisahan curd dan whey:

Bakteri mesofilik berkembang pada suhu kamar (30 - 37 ° C )tetapi mati pada suhu yang lebih tinggi. Mereka digunakan untuk membuat Soft Cheese , seperti Cheddar, Gouda dan Colby.

Bakteri termofilik berkembang pada suhu yang lebih tinggi, sekitar 55 ° C, dan digunakan untuk membuat Hard Cheese (strong cheese) seperti Gruyère, Parmesan dan Romano.

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Step by step making cheese : Start with Fresh, Warm Milk (hangatkan milk). Acidify the Milk (penambahan acid), seperti lemon juice, vinegar,

bakteri. Add a Coagulant. Rennet ( perekat protein). Test for Gel Firmness (tes kekenyalan setelah diberikan rennet). Cut the Curd ( dipotong kasar). Stir, Cook the Curd (aduk, panaskan), untuk mengeringkan, dan

menghilangkan cairan (whey) Drain the Curds ( saring dan press), agar tidak ada cairan. Salt and Age the Cheese ( pemberian garam dan penyimpanan/

penuaan)

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Cheese Classifications: 1. Soft Fresh Cheeses2. Soft Ripened Cheeses 3. Semi-Soft Cheeses4. Blue-Veined Cheeses5. Hard Cheeses6. Very Hard Cheeses

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Cottage Cheese, Cow’s milk (fruit, in dip) Cream Cheese, cow’s milk (spread, cooking ingredient, cheese

cake, in dip). Feta Cheese, sheep’s milk (salad, filling for spanakopita) Mascarpone Cheese, Cow’s milk (with fruit, tiramisu, enrich

dishes). Ricotta, cow’s milk (cooking ingredient, desserts, cheese cake)

Soft Fresh Cheeses

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Soft Ripened and Washed-Rind Cheeses

Brie, cow’s milk & goat’s milk (sandwiches, salad, table cheese)

Taleggio, cow’s milk (salad, cooking ingredients, table cheese)

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Semi-Soft Cheeses

Fontina Cheese, cow’s milk/sheep’s milk (table cheese, sandwiches, great melting cheese).

Monterey Jack, cow’s milk (table cheese, great melting cheese)

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Danish Blue, cow’s milk (dressing, salad, table cheese, spread). Gorgonzola, cow’s milk/ goat’s milk (table cheese with fruit, salad,

pizza, cooking ingredients, spread). Roquefort, raw sheep’s milk (table cheese, salad, hot sauce) Stilton, cow’s milk ( table cheese, salad)

Blue-Veined Cheeses

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Hard Cheeses Cheddar Cheese, Cow’s milk (table cheese, cheese sauce,

sandwiches, great melting cheese) Emmental / Swiss Cheese, cow’s milk (great melting cheese, in

fondues, sandwiches). Gouda Cheese, cow’s milk (table cheese, great melting cheese,

aged Gouda can be grated). Manchego Cheese, sheep’s milk ( table cheese, salad, can be

grated). Provolone, cow’s milk (table cheese w/ olive, bread, raw

vegetable/salami, sandwiches, for melting) Gruyere, cow’s milk (in fondues, onion soup, sandwiches, cooking

ingredients, hot sauce)

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Very Hard Cheeses Asiago. cow’s milk (salad, pasta and

bread) Parmigiano Reggiano, cow’s milk

(Table cheese, grated for pasta/risotto, salad)

Dry Monterey Jack, cow’s milk (Table cheese, grated over pasta, salad)

Pecorino Romano, sheep’s milk (Table cheese, grated over pasta)

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Water

Phosphorus

Chlorine

Sodium

Proteins

Fats

Cholesterol

Calcium

Potassium (kalium)

Vitamin A, B1, B2, B3, C & D

Nutrients in Cheese

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When cheese is heated, the fat melts & separates, & the cheese becomes soft.

On further heating, the proteins over-coagulate & become stringy & tough.

Used in macaroni & cheese, cheese biscuits, cheesecake, cheese scones & cheese sauce.

Also used as topping for food items like pizza, lasagna and salads.

Using Cheese in Cooking

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Usually obtained from cows.

Milk of other animals such as goats & mares ( kuda) is also consumed by

people.

Milk & its products such as butter, cream & cheese

are known as dairy foods.

Milk

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Milk

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Untreated milk / fresh Milk yang tidak memggunakan proses pemanasan, di kemas langsung dari peternakan.

Pasteurized milkMilk yang melalui proses pemanasan dengan suhu rendah sampai mencapai 72°C - 15 detik tujuanya hanya mematikan bakteri.

Homogenized milk Pasteurized milk di proses lagi dengan meratakan lemak keseluruh susu.

Sterilized milk Homogenized milk dipanaskan dengan suhu tinggi sampai mencapai 113°C - 15-40 menit di dalam vacuum-sealed container

Types of Milk

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UHT milk(Ultra-high temperature milk)

Homogenized milk dipanaskan dengan suhu tinggi sampai mencapai 132°C tidak boleh lebih dari 1 detik; dikamas dalam sealed cartons; dapat bertahan 1 bulan didalam refrigerator.

Evaporated milkMilk yang kandungan airnya dikurangi dengan proses evaporation; mengandung 25% air lebih kurang fresh milk; di seterill pada suhu 115.5°C selama 20 menit

Condensed milkMilk yang kandungan airnya sudah di hilangkan dengan proses evaporation;Penambahan gula untuk rasa manis.

Powdered milk Milk yg tidak ada kandungan airnya; berbentuk powder.

Skimmed milk Milk yang kandungan lemaknya sudah dihilangkan.

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Carbohydrates

Proteins

Fats

Cholesterol

Calcium

Potassium (kalium)

Vitamin A, B1, B2, B3, C & D

Sodium

Chlorine

Phosphorus

Water

Nutrients in Milk

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When milk is boiled, proteins coagulate & form a layer on the surface. As the boiling continues, hot air & steam get trapped under this layer –

causes the milk to overflow from its container.

Can be consumed on its own.

Used in beverages such as tea, coffee, cocoa & milkshake.

Used in many parts of the world to make desserts.

Also processed to produce dairy products such as cheese, cream & butter.

Using Milk in Cooking

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Yoghurt

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Yoghurt Makanan yang berasal dari proses fermentasi milk.

Kultur Bakteri yang digunakan Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus and Streptococcus thermophilus .

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Susu pertama dipanaskan, biasanya sekitar 85 ° C , Untuk mengubah sifat protein susu sehingga terpisah curd

(dadih)dan whey (cairan). Setelah pemanasan, susu tersebut dibiarkan dingin sampai

sekitar 45 ° C . Kultur bakteri dicampur rata kedalam susu pada suhu 45 ° C Disimpan dan dipertahankan didalam suhu 45 ° C selama

empat sampai tujuh jam untuk fermentasi. .

Proses Yoghurt

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Cream

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Cream adalah produk susu yang terdiri bagian lemak susu pada lapisan paling atas dari susu yang belum di homogenisasi.

Jumlah lemak pada cream menentukan kwalitas, dan stabilatas cream ketika di whip

Makin tinggi lemak pada cream makin gurih atau enak rasanya . Cream dengan lemak tinggi sangat baik , karena tidak pecah(rusak)

dalam proses pemasakan. Pasteurisasi dan Ultra-Pasteurisasi: Biasanya diberi label pada

kemasan, pasteurisasi atau ultra-pasteurisasi. Pasteurized cream, rasa yang lebih baik, lebih mengembang di

whipping, dan lebih tahan lama.

Cream

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Type of Cream Half and Half, 12% fat (range 10.5-18%): biasanya untuk Coffee & Tea, Single Cream, 20%: Light cream, savory and sweet dishes. Light Cream, 20% fat (range 18-30%). Whipping Cream, 30%fat; Bisa untuk whipping tapi masih kurang

stabil, digunakan untuk topping atau filling. Heavy Cream, 36 to 38%fat: Sangat baik untuk di whipping, Double Cream, 48%fat: British term untuk heavy cream di US. Clotted Cream, 36 to 38%fat: Devonshire or Devon Cream. Warnanya

kekuning – kuningan. Creme fraiche, 30%fat ; Fermentasi fresh cream. Sour Cream, 20%: Cream dengan penambahan lacto acid, gelatin

atau vegetable enzim untuk membuat cream tersebut asam dan kental/padat.

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Butter

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Butter Butter adalah produk susu yang solid dibuat dengan cara

churning proses ( diputar putar) atau dengan diberikan bakteri atau fermentasi dari cream atau milk, agar terpisah butterfat (butter) dan buttermskimilk/skim milk.

Mengandung 80 - 82 % fat, air, buttermilk

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Types of Butter Unsalted Butter or “Sweet Cream Butter” (Real) Salted Butter (Real): Whipped Butter (Real): sangat baikspread dan toast bread European Style or “Cultured” Butter (Real): kandungan fat lebih

tinggi dan lebih solid Spreadable Butter (Sorta Real) : kombinasi butter dan vegetable

oil Ghee adalah Clarified butter. Butter-like Spread (Fake)/margarine: vegetable oil

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