Food and ChemistryFood and Chemistry

ObjectivesObjectives

Describe chemical properties. Name 3 most important elements to life. Explain how covalent, hydrogen, and ionic bonds are

formed. Define a molecule. Identify symbols for hydroxyl, amino, ammonia, methyl,

and carboxyl. Discussion oxidation-reduction reactions. Describe the two divisions of metabolism.

Describe chemical properties. Name 3 most important elements to life. Explain how covalent, hydrogen, and ionic bonds are

formed. Define a molecule. Identify symbols for hydroxyl, amino, ammonia, methyl,

and carboxyl. Discussion oxidation-reduction reactions. Describe the two divisions of metabolism.

ElementsElements

The atom is the smallest unit of an element that still exhibits the properties of that element.

The atom is the smallest unit of an element that still exhibits the properties of that element.

Atoms consist of:Atoms consist of:

Nucleus Protons Neutrons

Electrons

Nucleus Protons Neutrons

Electrons

Atomic NumberAtomic Number

The atomic number of an atom is the total number of protons.

The atomic weight of an atom is the total number of protons plus neutrons.

Chemical properties of an element are determined by the number of electrons in the outermost energy level of an atom.

The atomic number of an atom is the total number of protons.

The atomic weight of an atom is the total number of protons plus neutrons.

Chemical properties of an element are determined by the number of electrons in the outermost energy level of an atom.

Periodic Table of the ElementsPeriodic Table of the Elements

Chemical BondsChemical Bonds

Covalent bonds

Hydrogen bonds

Ionic bonds Van der Waals bonds

Covalent bonds

Hydrogen bonds

Ionic bonds Van der Waals bonds

Ionic and Van Der WaalsIonic and Van Der Waals

Van Der Waals Van Der Waals

Bonds cont…Bonds cont…

Bonds cont…Bonds cont…

MoleculesMolecules Molecules are the smallest identifiable unit into which a

pure substance can be divided and still retain the composition and chemical properties of that substance.

Molecules are the smallest identifiable unit into which a pure substance can be divided and still retain the composition and chemical properties of that substance.

Oxidation-ReductionOxidation-Reduction

Oxidation can be defined very simply as the addition of oxygen. Reduction can be defined as the removal of oxygen

Rusting of metal Process of photography Life processes that produce or use energy

Oxidation can be defined very simply as the addition of oxygen. Reduction can be defined as the removal of oxygen

Rusting of metal Process of photography Life processes that produce or use energy

MetabolismMetabolism

Metabolism refers to all the chemical reactions that occur in a living system.Anabolism, or reactions involving the synthesis

of compounds.Catabolism, or reactions involving the

breakdown of compounds.

Metabolism refers to all the chemical reactions that occur in a living system.Anabolism, or reactions involving the synthesis

of compounds.Catabolism, or reactions involving the

breakdown of compounds.

Organic ChemistryChemical Symbols of Representations

Organic ChemistryChemical Symbols of Representations

Symbol Represents

C Carbon atom

H Hydrogen atom

N Nitrogen atom

O Oxygen atom

OH Hydroxyl (alcohol)

NH3 Ammonia

NH2 Amino group

CH3 Methyl group

COOH Carboxyl (acid)

Organic Chemistry Organic Chemistry

Carbon-containing molecules All carbon atoms have four bonds Each carbon can connect to:

Another carbonA hydroxyAn amino groupAn oxygen (double bond)

Carbon-containing molecules All carbon atoms have four bonds Each carbon can connect to:

Another carbonA hydroxyAn amino groupAn oxygen (double bond)

Common Hydroxy AcidsCommon Hydroxy Acids

Reduction - OxidationReduction - Oxidation