Follow up evaluation of Empowerment for Food Security Project (EFSP)

Kwazulu Natal

Z.J. MCHUNU

FOOD SECURITY PROGRAMME

1.Empowerment for Food Security Programme2.Comprehensive Food Security

I. The program Empowerment for Food Security (EFSP) Start: April 2006- 5 years Sponsor: Flemish Government & KZN

government Where: Kwazulu Natal

Pilot project 4 districts 8 municipalities (out of 51)

I. The program Partners:

Department of agriculture KZN Department of education & health KZN Local government Flemish government (Sponsor)

Local responsible for daily activities DAEA KZN

Focus on: Agricultural production (favourable local

conditions) Training in food security (diet quality & variety) Access to market (purchasing power)

1. General descriptive analysis Household Demographics

Household size and age of household head?

On average: household consists of 7 people On average: household heads in North are 54 years; in South 56

years Gender household heads: 55.1% are male

RegionHousehold

size

Age

household

head

DistrictHousehold

size

Age

household

head

North KZN 7 (2.8) 54 (13)

eDumbe 7.2 (2.9) 57 (13)

ePongola 7.9 (2.5) 57 (12)

Big 5 False Bay 7 (2.8) 52 (12)

Umhlabuyalingana 6.8 (3.0) 50 (12)

South KZN 6 (3.2) 56 (12)

Umuziwabantu 5.9 (3) 56 (11)

Vulamehlo 6.8 (3.6) 60 (8)

Msunduzi 6.6 (3.8) 46 (9)

Richmond 5.3 (2.1) 59 (8)

Umgeni 4.9 (3.4) 51 (13)

1. General descriptive analysis Household Demographics

Education status of households (% of households)?

Low levels of education 25% of households heads obtained some secondary education in

the southern area, while this is only 18% in the northern region

Region North KZN South KZN

Education Level DistrictZulula

ndMkhanyakude Ugu Umgungundlovu

No schooling 33.0 51.4 37.3 41.4

Junior primary (0-Std 2) 28.3 20.0 21.7 13.8

Senior primary (Std 3-Std 5) 17.9 12.1 16.9 17.2

Some Secondary (Std 6-Std

9)

14.2 11.4 20.5 17.2

Completed High School

(Matric)

6.6 3.6 3.6 10.3

Courses or Certificates 0.0 0.7 0.0 0.0

Diploma or Degree 0.0 0.7 0.0 0.0

1. General descriptive analysis Household Food Production

Access to resources (% of households)?

Quite equal access to resources in the northern and southern region However, access to markets and credits is higher in the South while

access to rivers is higher in the North

1. General descriptive analysis Household Food Production

Crop production (% of households)?

Different types of crops are grown in the study area On average, each respondent cultivates 8 different crops 80% of respondents sell some of their agricultural production

North KZN South KZN

Zululand Mkhanyakude Ugu UmgungundlovuCrop Type

Spinach 95 90 88 91

Cabbages 97 91 77 88

Onions 89 87 78 58

Beetroot 84 80 69 72

Carrot 53 61 72 67

Maize 39 51 57 54

Tomato 38.5 56 31 35

1. General descriptive analysis Household Food Production

Livestock production?

Chicken production is most popular Large number of respondents in Zululand own cattle Limited presence of livestock sector: cattle owners have on average

2 heads of cattle; goat owners on average 2 goats; chicken owners on average 10 chickens

1. General descriptive analysis Household Food Consumption

Diversity in food consumption?

Consumption of maize, other cereals and vegetables is highest: 3 to 5 times/week

Consumption of fruits and protein sources (dairy, eggs) is quite low: 2 times/week

1. General descriptive analysis Household Food Consumption

Different sources of food products (% of households)?

Over 70% of participating households indicate that they purchase most of their food

Exception: vegetables = own production (for over 65% of the households)

Purchased Own production Other sources

Maize 88 10 2

Other cereals 94 2 4

Roots & tubers 70 24 6

Vit A rich fruits &

vegetables

22 74 4

Other vegetables 30 68 2

Other fruits 77 10 13

Legumes & nuts 78 17 5

1. General descriptive analysis Household Income and its Sources

Average monthly income is highest in Umgungundlovu (320R; SD: 429) followed by Ugu (275R; SD: 260)

The southern districts both have an average income per capita per month of R190 (SD: 122)

1. General descriptive analysis Household Income and its Sources

Grants (including pension; child support) and gifts are most important income sources: 72%-88% of households partially depends on this type of income

Income shortage mainly during the months January/February and June/July

Common reasons why household heads not work: old age, inability to find job,…

1. General descriptive analysis Stresses, shocks and coping strategies

Common shocks (share households experiencing)?

Most important stresses: increase in food cost and related to that increases in food production costs

Drought and sudden loss of livestock are the most prevalent stresses

Shocks and StressesNorth KZN South KZN

Zululand Umkhanyakude Ugu Umgungundlovu

Food cost or food price increase 72 78 81 77

Increase in food production cost 54 47 48 56

Serious injury or chronic illness 39 45 57 44

Drought 25 57 44 28

Increase in household size 35 32 31 42

Death of livestock 35 28 27 23

1. General descriptive analysis Stresses, shocks and coping strategies

Coping strategies for sudden and severe decrease in income?

Borrowing from friends/ relatives seems to be most important coping strategy negative coping strategy: leads to increased debts and asset depletion

Only 20% is able to use their savings or looks for additional income sources

Coping Strategies North KZN South KZN

Borrow/ lending 77 68

Reduce food consumption 51 50

Reduce spending 46 39

Selling assets 41 31

Use savings 18 8

Find additional work (income) 19 14

Other coping strategies 18 20

2. Vulnerability analysis Food insecurity (% of households)

Across full sample: 5.6% food secure; 55.4% severly food insecure; 6.9% mild food insecure

Most affected district is Umgungundlovu where about 70% of respondents are faced with food insecurity

Region North KZN South KZN

Food Security Status DistrictZulul

andMkhanyakude Ugu Umgungundlovu

Food secure 7.3 3.4 9.1 2.4

Mild food insecure 11.9 2.8 6.8 9.5

Moderate food insecure 37.6 28.3 34.1 16.7

Severe food insecurity 43.1 65.5 50.0 71.4

Total 100 100 100 100

2. Vulnerability analysis Poverty measure

Northern region has larger share of poor households compared to the southern region

Region DistrictPercent people

living on less than 1 US$ per day

Percent people living on less than

2 US$ per day

North KZNZululand 71.6 96.3

Mkhanyakude 75.0 93.2

South KZNUgu 55.6 90.0

Umgungundlovu 53.5 81.4

2. Vulnerability analysis Food insecurity and Poverty

Notice negative correlation between food security and poverty level. Households in the north seem to be more food secure but poorer while households in the south seem less poor but more food insecure

Overall outcome evaluation 150 households were interviewed both in 2007 &

2010 Comparison of characteristics of these households

Evolution of these households

General food security Has not

improved

Overall outcome evaluation

Food security indicator 2007 (N=149) 2010 (N=149)

test

Less then 1$ per day per person 85% 66% **

Less then 2$ per day per person 93% 92% **

HDDS (Household Diet Diversity Score)

9.03 10.16 **

Hunger Index (n° of hungry months) 3.91 2.96 **

Crop index (n° of crops) 4.40 8.13 -

Livestock index (TLU) 50.08 47.32 -

Food expenditure per capita (RAND) 119 333 -

Food expenditure in total household budget

30% 58% **

Positive impact on Most severe poverty measures (20% less households on <1$ per pers day)

Diet diversity Hunger index

IV.Conclusions Outcome analysis shows positive outcomes:

Diet diversity Hunger index Poverty rates

However actual impact on food security is not there

EFSP has positive outcomes but has not yet improved actual food security levels

TRAINING OF ONE HOME ONE GARDEN BENEFICIARIES

PARTNERSHIP WITH IDT

Introduction

The IDT is in partnership with the DAEA& RD in the implementation of Flagship Programme in the 57 priority wards.

DAEA&RD provide training to 40 000 beneficiaries and

Provide catering for all 1600 groups

IDT Role To provide Social Facilitation Role

To mobilise 40 000 beneficiaries Organise seeds beneficiaries to groups of 25

700 beneficiaries per ward Ensure state of readiness of beneficiaries to

receive training Stakeholders engagement Organise Logistics : e.g. venues

Social Mobilisation & TrainingDates Extension Assistants/

Extension OfficersBeneficiaries

06-Dec-10 12013-Dec-10 17517-Jan-11 20024-Jan-11 17 160031-Jan-11 11 49507-Feb-11 38 58514-Feb-11 217421-Feb-11 3360

Total 186 8589

Gardens

The following gardens have been established.

174 Number of community gardens 93 number of school gardens 12 number of clinic gardens 508 number of homestead gardens

HOUSEHOLD GARDEN IN SISONKE – MZIMKHULU

HH 1

Other interventions

20 Tunnels have been established in the following areas

Mbangweni 5Bhekabantu 5Ladysmith 10

Seed distributed to 1 Million Households

TUNNELS

FoodBank & Technoserve Initiative

Guaranteed off-take

agreements

NationalFoodBankFund

Agriculture mentoringandtraining

Equipmentandinfrastructureprogramme

Businessand bookkeepingservice

Procurement Programme

PACKING / PROCESSING

FACILITY

AGRIFOODBANK

Retailers

Processors/Manufacturers

FOODBANKSATELLITE

Other Fertiliserand seedsubsidy

FoodBankagencies

ProcurementProgramme

ProcurementProgramme

DonatedFoods

Smallholder farmers

Transporttomarket

DonatedFoods

Crop and stock insurance

The Intergrated Agri-FoodBankSustainable model

FOODBANKCOMMUNITY

DEPOT

FOODBANKCOMMUNITY

DEPOT

CommunityEducation

&Health,

DSD

Phase 1 business plan by 14 March 2011

Task team to Link to the NSNP , DOH and DSD has been established

Progress

THANK YOU