Focus on People with Disabilities.

Charlotte McClain-Nhlapo- Action for the Charlotte McClain-Nhlapo- Action for the World's Poor and Hungry PeopleWorld's Poor and Hungry People

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Focus on People with Focus on People with Disabilities.Disabilities.

Charlotte McClain-Nhlapo Charlotte McClain-Nhlapo World Bank.World Bank.

““Action for the World’s Poor and Hungry Action for the World’s Poor and Hungry People.”People.”BeijingBeijing

18 October 2007.18 October 2007.


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Introduction Introduction

Estimated that there are 650 Estimated that there are 650 million people with disabilities in million people with disabilities in the world.the world.

An estimated 260 million people with An estimated 260 million people with disabilities living in absolute poverty. disabilities living in absolute poverty.

1 in 5 people living on less than a $1 1 in 5 people living on less than a $1 a day have a disability. a day have a disability.


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Defining disability Defining disability

Disability is not simply a medical Disability is not simply a medical condition.condition.

It is about barriers- physical It is about barriers- physical barriers, programmatic barriers, or barriers, programmatic barriers, or cultural barriers- stigma and social cultural barriers- stigma and social exclusion. exclusion.

Disability grows out of an Disability grows out of an interaction between human interaction between human functioning & an environment which functioning & an environment which does not account for different levels does not account for different levels of functioning. of functioning.


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Social Understanding of Disability Social Understanding of Disability

Recognizes that people are Recognizes that people are disadvantaged not by their disadvantaged not by their impairments, but as a result of impairments, but as a result of the limitations imposed on them the limitations imposed on them by barriers to their participation by barriers to their participation in society: social, cultural, in society: social, cultural, economic, and environmental, economic, and environmental, because they have an impairment. because they have an impairment.

This is what is disabling. This is what is disabling.


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Discrimination and Exclusion of Discrimination and Exclusion of

People with DisabilitiesPeople with Disabilities

• Exists everywhere.Exists everywhere.

It varies fromIt varies from

country to country,country to country,

even fromeven from

community tocommunity to

community.community.


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Disability and Social Exclusion. Disability and Social Exclusion.

Their socio- economic status is Their socio- economic status is often compounded and linked to often compounded and linked to the lack of opportunities for the lack of opportunities for exercising influence or exercising influence or participating in society because participating in society because of discrimination, negative of discrimination, negative attitudes and prejudice. attitudes and prejudice.


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A vicious cycleA vicious cycle

Disability and poverty form a vicious Disability and poverty form a vicious circle, where disability leads to circle, where disability leads to poverty, and poverty creates the poverty, and poverty creates the conditions that can generate more conditions that can generate more disability.disability.

Disability affects not just the person Disability affects not just the person with a disability, but their families with a disability, but their families and communities.and communities.


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Impact on Families Impact on Families

Uganda Uganda – children living in – children living in households where a person with households where a person with disability is the head are less disability is the head are less likely to attend school. likely to attend school.

NicaraguaNicaragua – families with – families with members who are significantly members who are significantly disabled spend 10 hours per day disabled spend 10 hours per day caring for disabled family membercaring for disabled family member


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Uganda Uganda –heads of households –heads of households with a disability are 38% more with a disability are 38% more likely to be poorlikely to be poor

GuyanaGuyana – unemployment rate for – unemployment rate for disabled adults is 67%disabled adults is 67%

Serbia Serbia – 70% of people with – 70% of people with disabilities are poordisabilities are poor

Sri LankaSri Lanka – 90% of people with a – 90% of people with a disability are poor.disability are poor.

More Examples…More Examples…


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What policies have been What policies have been successful?successful?

Disability is a cross Disability is a cross cutting issue & affects cutting issue & affects all aspects of all aspects of planning.planning.

Innovation & Innovation & flexibility- stepping flexibility- stepping outside of the box. outside of the box.

Typical those that Typical those that have involved people have involved people with disabilities.with disabilities.

Multi-sectoral Multi-sectoral approaches.approaches.

A twin track approachA twin track approach Comprehensive & Comprehensive &

inclusive policiesinclusive policies Safety nets- well Safety nets- well

targeted!targeted! CBR.CBR. Micro credit schemes Micro credit schemes CCT’s . CCT’s .


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The role of the StateThe role of the State Develop comprehensive Develop comprehensive

policies, norms and policies, norms and standards. standards.

Strengthen mechanisms Strengthen mechanisms to monitor to monitor implementation. implementation.

Collect data on Collect data on disability.disability.

Scale up best practices.Scale up best practices.

Ratify the CRPD. Ratify the CRPD.

• Creating an enabling environment

• Generating more knowledge of disability issues

• Ability to identify, argue for synergies.


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3

11.69.9

17.5

02468

1012141618

2000 2001 2002 2003

Average No of Times Disability is Mentioned in PRSPs

Increased Focus of PRSPs on Increased Focus of PRSPs on DisabilitiesDisabilities


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Tanzania Tanzania

In 2005 -published its 2nd PRSP. Involvement of Disabled People’s

Organizations during the review and formulation process

Inclusive of disability dimension. A success but not perfect.


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Some Entry points…Some Entry points…

Institutional level Institutional level Policy level Policy level Programs and project level Programs and project level Community level Community level

• There is no silver bullet.There is no silver bullet.

It does require participation…. It does require participation….


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Social networks of People with Disabilities

SHG

Sfas

SHGs

SHGs

SHGs

SHGs

SHGs

Comm

unity

• Support individuals

• Involve family members

• Provide relevant information

• Strengthening of DPO/SHGs

• Social action

• Strengthen DPO’s

• Support advocacy and lobbying

• Secure linkage with Govt. Depts,

Individual level

inclusive policy


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Key messagesKey messages

The need for more analytical The need for more analytical research.research.

The dominant issue is empowerment The dominant issue is empowerment and not pity. and not pity.

The MDG’s will not be met if we do The MDG’s will not be met if we do not include disability. not include disability.

There are things happeningThere are things happening

But we need to leapfrog it!But we need to leapfrog it!

Focus on People with Disabilities.

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