Focus on Enteric Health: The advent of a Poultry Industry

without AGPs

Dr. Rafael Monleon, DVM, MSpVM, ACPV, PAS, MRCVSRegional Veterinarian (Asia)13th May 2011 – Seoul, Korea

Contents

• Enteric Health / Enteric Disease• AGPs in the Industry• Alternatives for AGPs• Present and Future Thoughts

Why Enteric Health is Important?

• Integrity of Mucosa • Optimal Performance• Poor Enteric Health = Poor Performance• Poor Performance Due To …

What Does Poor Performance Means?

• Mortality• Poor FCR• Poor ADG• Poor Live Weight• Poor Pigmentation• Others

What Are the Organisms that Cause Enteric Disease?

• Protozoa– Coccidia

• Virus– Rotavirus, Reovirus, Astrovirus, etc.

• Bacteria– Clostridium (N.E.)– Others: G+ / G-

What are the Means to Control Them?

• Biosecurity• Vaccines• Antibiotics

– AGPs• Others

– Non-traditional

AGPs

• Been in Use for More than 60 years• Sub-therapeutic Use• Strong Scientific-Empiric Support of

Efficacy– Prevent Disease– Improve Performance

• Lower cost of production– Enhanced Food Safety

How do AGPs work?• AGPs inhibit endemic subclinical infection, thus

reducing the metabolic cost of the innate immune system

• AGPs reduce the growth-depressing metabolites produced by microbes, such as ammonia and bile degradation products

• AGPs reduce microbial use of nutrients• AGPs enhance the uptake and use of nutrients,

due to the thinning of the intestinal wall in AGP-fed animals

Why Banning AGPs?• Fear of Development of Resistance

– Poultry– Cascade to Humans

• No fatalities • Residues• Customer Demands

– Final Customer – Retailer (Supermarkets, Food Chains)

The Banning of AGPs

• Initial Control AGPs– Swann Committee (1969)

• Sweden; partial ban (1986)• EU

• Partial ban (1997)• Total ban (2006)

• USA• Food Chain imposed Ban

Danish Experiment

• Total Ban of sub-therapeutic in-feed; 1998– Therapeutic Use Increased

• Resistance Patterns Changed– Enterococcus

• 60-80% vs. 5-35%• Effect in Cost Efficiency (approx. 1%)

– Compensated by cost of AGPs ?• No Effect on NE (Ionophores Use)

Danish Experiment

The Industry Without AGPs• Higher risk of Mortality and Performance Variability• Clostridium perfringens > Necrotic Enteritis (NE) • Dysbacteriosis

– General over-growth of pathogenic flora• Wet Litter

– Loss of weight gain and performance– Increased respiratory and leg problems– Increased downgrading at processing.– Increased use of therapeutic antibiotics

What are the Tools Against the Ban of AGPs?

• Management• Disease Prevention

– Biosecurity• Nutrition

– Feed Quality• Natural Growth Promotants (NGPs)

Management

• Chick Quality• Feed• Water• Lighting• Ventilation• Density

Management

In operations where management and hygienic conditions are adequate the use of AGPs or any alternative products have a lower impact …

Hatchery PeopleSource Flock

Insects

RodentsWild Birds

Housing

Litter

Water

FeedEquipment

Biosecurity

Nutrition• Levels of minerals (potassium, chloride, sodium)• Excessive level or unbalanced protein• Fat source• Starch source• Non-starch polysaccharides• Particle size

Nutrition

• Natural Growth Promotants (NGPs)– Probiotics– Prebiotics– Essential Oils / Plant Extracts– Organic Acids

What can NGPs Do?

• Balance Gut Bacterial Flora• Reduce Nutrients Available For Pathogens• Improve Growth Performances and Feed

Efficiency• Improve Food Safety• Enhance Animal Welfare by Decreasing

Stress

Probiotics• Establish Balanced Gut Flora

– Durable– Single vs. Multi Strains

• Competitive Exclusion – colonization of gut by pathogens

• Stimulation Immune System• Generally Used on First Days or After Stress Situation

– feed changes, vaccination or antibiotic treatment • Improved Performance

– Trials and Personal Experience

Probiotics

Probiotic

Prebiotics• Non-Digestible Ingredients • Stimulate Growth or Activity of Determined Gut Flora

Population– i.e. fructooligosaccharide products (FOS)

• Bind Pathogens and Stimulate Immunity– i.e. mannan oligosaccharides (MOS)

• Reduce Inflammatory Reactions

Prebiotics

Prebiotic

Plant Extracts / Essential Oils• Some of the Most Promising Products

– i.e. Oregano / Carvacrol • Natural / Synthetic • Single / Multiple Compounds• Antimicrobial, Antioxydative• Stimulation digestive enzymes• Effective decrease symptoms Of Disease

– Coccidiosis– Necrotic enteritis

Plant Extract Product Plant Extract Product

Plant Extract Product

Plant Extracts / Essential Oils

Organic Acids• Penetrate the Bacterial Wall and Disrupt• Reduce the pH of the Digestive Tract

– Lower Bacterial Counts – Strong Action Gram Negative

• Feed and Water Hygiene– Limit Proliferation of Bacteria in Water

Organic Acids

Organic Acid Product 1

Organic Acid Product 2

Antibiotic Product

Present and Future• Currently AGPs Banned by Legislation or

Consumer Demand in Some Countries• Basically Initial Fear is Gone• Trend Moving Towards a Future with Less

Antibiotics

Present and Future• Developed Industries Prone To Follow Trend

• Primary Breeding Companies• Opportunities for Alternative Products • Non-Developed Countries will Continue Using

AGPs + Prophylactic Antibiotics to Compensate Lack of Infrastructure / Performance

Thank Yourmonleon@aviagen.com