FOCUS ON: ANALOGIES

An analogy shows a relationship between words. A typical analogy problem looks like this:

___ 1. collie :dog :: (A) fish : water (B) bird : eagle (C) airplane : fly (D) hammer : tool (E) train : railroad

The analogy can be stated this way:A collie is to a dog as a __ is to a ___?

Use the following four steps to find the answers to to an analogy problem…

Four Steps to An Analogy Problem

• Determine the relationship between the first two words.

• Make up a sentence using the two words. Example: A collie is a type of dog.

• Decide which of the choices given have a similar type of relationship.

• Test your choice by substituting the pair of words for the original pair in the sentence that you made up.

BEST ANSWER

It becomes obvious that (D) is the best answer to this problem when you use the example that a hammer is a type of tool.

Type of Analogy Example• cause to effect virus: cold :: carelessness: errors• part to whole finger: hand:: spoke: wheel• object to purpose broom: sweep::knife: cut• action to object dribble: basketball::fly: kite• item to category trout: fish::corn: vegetable• word to synonym nice: pleasant:: few: dearth• type to characteristic deer: swift:: turtle: slow• word to antonym nice: unpleasant:: cowardly: brave• object to material shoe: leather:: necklace: gold• product to source apple: tree:: milk: cow• worker to creation composer: symphony:: author: novel• worker to tool carpenter: hammer:: surgeon: scalpel• time sequence sunrise: sunset:: winter: spring• word: word derived form act: action:: image: imagine

Analogies: Complete ten examples belowDetermine the relationship between the capitalized words. Then decide which word pair expresses a similar relationship. Write the letter of this word pair

1. TEETH: CHEW:: (A) race: win (B) television: watch

(C) nose: smell (D) dance: practice (E) argument: fight

2. WHEEL: CAR:: (A) room: house (B) garden: flower

(C) food: table (D) air: steam (E) book: chapter

3. HERO: BRAVE:: (A) lawyer: legal (B) food: hungry

(C) joke: funny (D) honesty: honest (E) morning: nightly

4. PAINTER: BRUSH:: (A) plumber: wrench (B) hen: rooster

(C) bicycle: travel (D) hike: trail (E) tongue: mouth

5. SAIL:SEA:: (A) peel: pear (B) run: exercise

(C) walk: shoe (D) skate: ice (E) play: volleyball

6. SULLEN: GLOOMY:: (A) warm: boiling (B) long: short

(C) uncivilized: barbaric (D) selfish: generous (E) unhappy: happy

7 . BREAD: BAKERY:: (A) milk: dairy (B) hammer: carpenter

(C) valentine: pharmacy (D) garage: car (E) farmer: farm

8. SCULPTER: STATUE:: (A) pilot: airplane (B) story: author

(C) mechanic: auto (D) doctor: pill (E) painter: portrait

9. RAFT: WOOD:: (A) electricity: energy (B) paper: book

(C) furnace: coal (D) shirt: cotton (E) basketball: sport10. BANKRUPT:PROSPEROUS:: (A) interior: exterior (B) desperate:

hopeless (C) pedestrian: ordinary (D) economical: thrifty (E) universal: worldwide