Foa fttx material 3-4

FTTx ©2004-12 The FOA, Inc. 1

Outside Plant Materials –Fiber Optic Cables

Outside Plant Materials Overview

Materials for Fiber Optic Networks• Optical Fibers • FO Cables• FO Closures• Connectivity• Optical Distribution Frames ODF• Cabinets, Boxes• Optical Splitter


Fiber Optic CablesCable Design

The highly application of optical fibers in transmission technologies requires a variety of cable construction designs.Based on the structure of the

• fiber buffer• cable core• cable sheath• armouring and additional protective cover

The cable design are selected so, that the cable infrastructure will perform reliably over a long service life (25…30 years).


Fiber Optic Cables Construction Types

Optical cable designs are chosen according to specific characteristics and grouped into the following general construction types:• Outdoor cables (duct, direct buried, aerial)• Indoor cables• Special cables (such as OPGW, Sea cables, Sewage cables etc.)In all construction types it is important to assure that the optical cable

core should be well protected against:• Mechanical• Thermal• Chemical effects• and very important, against moisture from the outside.


Fiber Optic Cables Construction ElementsLoose buffer tubeA filled tube in which the fibers float without tension and where they are protected against environmental influencesCentral member (element)An element which runs along the center of a cable; for fiber optic cables it is generally an anti-buckling and strengthening elementGRP elementAnti-buckling and strength member made of glass filaments (GRP – glass fiber reinforced plastic)CoreThe inner part of a cable without the jacket, mainly the tubes stranded around a central memberArmoringProtective element (generally made of steel tapes, wires or belts) for cables used under special conditions, e.g. for use when directly buried, undersea or in mines, or for rodent protectionRipcordA parallel cord of strong yarn, situated under the jacket(s) for facilitating removal of cable sheath


Fiber Optic Cables Preferred Designs

Dry core design (Swelling Elements)for excellent water blocking performance and easier handling

Fully dielectric construction requires no grounding or potential equalization

SZ stranding design allows for easy mid-span access and isolates fibers from installation and environmental rigors


Fiber Optic Cables Construction Elements

ArmoringAramide yarns as tensile membersLaminated Glass-fiber yarns armor as rodent protectionCorrugated steel tape as protection against rodents and mechanical loads

Cable sheaths Polyethylene PE sheath of outdoor cablesPolyvinylchloride PVC sheath for indoor cablePolyamide PA sheath as protective coating for termite and oil resistance

Other ProtectionsLaminated aluminum tape as moisture barrier


Fiber Optic CablesProduction Process (1)

Cabling is the process of packaging optical fibers in a cable structure for handling and protection

• Fiber Colouring Process


Optical fiber is colored in one of twelve colors



• Tubing Process

Single optical fibers are bundled and enclosed by a gel filled extruded loose buffer tube.



• SZ Stranding Process

Single buffer tubes are stranded around the central strength member to the core



• Sheathing Process

A polyethylene jacket is extruded over the core of buffer tubes. Armoring is also completed in this process.


• Marking and Spooling Process


Finished cable is hot-foil printed (inkjet for premises) and spooled onto a reel.

Fiber Optic CablesProduction Process

• Final Testing


Every fiber is quality tested before shipping

Fiber Optic CablesOverview of Cable Types

• Direct Buried Cables

• Duct Cables

• Aerial Cables– ADSS– Figure-8– OPGW– Lash

• Indoor Cables


Fiber Optic CablesDirect Buried Cables


Loose Tube CableDouble Jacket – All Dielectric


Loose Tube CableSingle Jacket – Single Armoured



Loose Tube CableDouble Jacket – Single Armoured


Fiber Optic CablesDuct Cables

Loose Tube CableSingle Jacket - Non Armoured



Loose Tube Cable Single Jacket - Non Armored Lightweight design with smaller diameter


Fiber Optic CablesDuct Cable - Air Blown Micro Cable


Loose Tube CableSmall diameter, lightweight and low friction sheath design to be blown into a micro duct by air-blown installation


Small diameter, lightweight and low friction sheath design to be blown into a micro duct by air-blown installation• Fibre count up to 72 • Outer diameter up to 6,5 mm• Different cable design options

− Stranded loose tube − Central Tube− Micro Module

• Optimized for installation in mini ducts



Small diameter, lightweight and low friction sheath design to be blown into a micro duct by air-blown installation


Cable diameter: ~ 3,5mmFiber counts: 1 - 12 Attenuation at 1310nm: ≤ 0,36 dB/kmAttenuation at 1550nm: ≤ 0,22 dB/km

Cable diameter: ~ 2,0mmFiber counts: 1 - 4Attenuation at 1310nm: ≤ 0,36 dB/kmAttenuation at 1550nm: ≤ 0,22 dB/km

Fiber

Gel filling compound

2-layer central tube

HDPE jacket

Fiber Optic Cables Duct Cables

Loose Tube CableUnit (Central) – Tube Design


Central tube constructions for low fiber count <= 24 fibers



Loose Tube (multi tube) Ribbon CableSingle Jacket – Non Armoured/Steel Armoured

Ribbon cable used for high fiber counts



Loose Tube (Unit tube) Ribbon CableSingle Jacket – Non Armoured/Steel Armoured

Ribbon cable used for high fiber counts



Slotted Core Ribbon CableSingle Jacket – Non Armoured

Fiber Optic CablesAerial Cables - ADSS

ADSS (All Dielectric Self Supporting)Stranded Loose Tube Design


Installation along wooden or concrete poles or lattice towersStrength members quantity dependent on pole distances

Fiber Optic CablesAerial Cables – Figure-8


Figure - 8 TypeStranded Loose Tube Design

Fiber Optic CablesAerial Cables - OPGW

OPGW – Optical Ground WireStranded Tube / Central Tube Design


Armoring :Single or multi-layer design, wires of Al-alloy and Al-clad steel or galvanized steel

Fiber Optic CablesIndoor Cables

Riser Distribution Cable with 900 μm tight-buffered fibers



Different Cable ConstructionsLoose tube and tight-buffered fiber design



Loose Tube CableLSZH / Flame Retardant for indoor/Outdoor


LSZH Low Smoke and Zero Halogen for indoor useNon-Halogenated and flame retardantLow smoke, low toxicity, low corrosion

Flame retardant and UV-resistant sheath permit to use in indoor and outdoor applications

Fiber Optic Cables Telcordia Color Code


Color code for identification of fibers, fiber bundles and tubes

The colors are

#1 blue #7 red#2 orange #8 black#3 green #9 yellow#4 brown #10 violet#5 slate #11 rose#6 white #12 turquoise

Fiber Optic CablesSpecification


Test procedures to IEC 60793-1Tensile strengthImpact resistanceCrush resistanceBending characteristicsTemperature cyclingWater penetration

Standard temperature rangeLaying and installation –5ºC to 50ºCOperation –30ºC to 70ºCTransport and storage –40ºC to 70ºC

Fiber Optic Cables Type Codes


Type Codes for Communication Cables with Optical Waveguides (Part I)A- Outdoor cable J- Indoor cable ASLH- Self-supporting aerial telecommunication cable for high voltage lines (OPGW) B Multifiber loose buffer D Multifiber loose buffer, filled F Continuous cable core filling (Petrolat) for longitudinally tightness Q Swellable elements for longitudinally tightness S Metallic element in the cable core (Z) Tensile-proof braiding of steel or polyamide wires (BN) Strain relief of glass yarns (glass yarns for rodent protection) (ZN) Sheath strain relief with non-metallic elements (ZN)2Y Polyethylene sheath with non-metallic strength (D) 2Y Laminated sheath of polyethylene and plastic barrier foil (L) (ZN) 2Y Laminated sheath made of polyethylene, Al-tape and with non-metallic strength member (L) Y Laminated sheath with Polyvinylchloride (PVC) (L) 2Y Laminated sheath with polyethylene (SR) Corrugated steel tape B Armouring (1B ...) One layer of steel tape; ... thickness of steel tape in mm (2B ...) Two layers of steel tape; ... thickness of steel tape in mm Cu Copper wire E Single-mode fiber

Fiber Optic Cables Type Codes

Type Codes for Communication Cables with Optical Waveguides (Part II)


... B ... Attenuation coefficient and bandwidth at a wavelength of 850nm

... F ... Attenuation coefficient and bandwidth at a wave length of 1300nm

... H ... Attenuation coefficient and bandwidth at a wavelength of 1550 nm FR Cable with improved flame retardance (TR ...) Supporting element of round wire; ... diameter of the wire V Tight buffered fiber Vzk Galvanized W Single-fiber loose buffer, filled Y Insulating cover, sheath or protective cover of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) 2Y Insulating cover, sheath or protective cover of polyethylene (PE) H Insulating cover or sheath of halogen-free material 4Y Insulating cover, sheath or protective cover of polyamide (PA) 6Y Insulating cover, sheath or protective cover of perfluorethylene propylene (FEP) 9Y Insulating cover, sheath or protective cover of polypropylene (PP) 11Y Sheath or protective cover of polyurethane (PUR) member LG Stranding in layers

Fiber Optic Cables Type Codes – Example of FO Cable


Example for construction and type description of Optical Fiber Cable

A-DSF(L)(ZN)2Y 6x4 E/9/125 0.47F5 LG

Fiber Optic Cables Type Codes – Example of FO Cable


Example for construction and type description of Optical Fibre Cables

A-DQ(ZN)2Y(SR)2Y 6 x 12 E9/125 0,36 F 3,5 + 0,23 H 18 LG

A- Outdoor Cable D fibre Q Water swellable elements for longitudinally tightness (ZN)2Y non-metallic strength member, inner sheath of PE (SR)2Y Steel tape armouring and outer jacket of PE

6 x 12 number of fibres or buffer cores x number of fibers per buffer

E fibre type, single mode 9/ core diameter in µm 125 cladding diameter in µm 0,36 attenuation factor in dB/km (at 1310nm) F wave length B = 850 nm F = 1.300/1.310 nm H = 1550 nm

3,5/18 band width in MHz for 1 km or dispersion factor in ps (nm x km) for single mode fibres at 1310nm/1550

0,23 attenuation factor in dB/km (at 1550nm) LG layer stranding


Fiber Optic Cable Calculation Tool

Task of the “FOC Tool”Calculation of costsfor Standard Fiber Optic Cables(Valued for Quantity app. 200 - 400 km)

Input Technical Requirements,Definition of Cable Type, No. fibers, Armoring, …

OutputTechnical Data sheetCommercial Data sheet (Costs)

Fiber Optic Cable Calculation Tool Technical Data Sheet


Fiber Optic Cable Calculation Tool Commercial Data Sheet


Back up


Fiber Optic Cables Suppliers


• Preferred Suppliers

• Other Suppliers

www.samsung.com

www.prysmian.com

www.sterliteoptical.com

www.superioressex.com

www.drakaholding.com

www.ofsinnovations.com

www.lscable.com

www.nwf.cn

www.atc.co.za

www.drakaholding.com

www.mefcf.com

www.omanfiber.com

http://www.samsung.com/

http://www.prysmian.com/

http://www.sterliteoptical.com/

http://www.superioressex.com/

http://www.drakaholding.com/

http://www.ofsinnovations.com/

http://www.lscable.com/

http://www.nwf.cn/

http://www.atc.co.za/

http://www.drakaholding.com/

http://www.mefcf.com/

http://www.omanfiber.com/

http://www.samsung.de/

http://www.draka.com/drakaholding/Languages/English/index.jsp

http://www.nwf.cn/index/e-index.php


Loose Tube Cable – LSZH (low smoke

and Zero Halogen)

Unit tube for Indoor/Outdoor


FTTx Optimized ProductsMini Cable up to 96 fibers


• Mini Cable optimized for air-blown mirco duct installation (8/10 mm ducts)• Reduced diameter and high fiber density• up to 96 fibers• Stranded loose tube construction• each buffer tube contains 16 fibers with optimized coating diameter of 200 µm • Glass Reinforced Plastic (GRP) central member. • Dry core design for quicker, cleaner cable preparation• A ripcord is applied longitudinally over the cable core, followed by an over-sheath of Nylon.

Tube Diameter : 1.7 mmCable Diameter (nominal) : 6.2 mmCable Weight (nominal) : 30 kg/km

FTTx Optimized ProductsMini Cable up to 72 fibers


• Mini Cable optimized for air-blown mirco duct installation (8/10 mm ducts)• Reduced diameter and high fiber density • up to 72 fibers• Stranded loose tube construction• each buffer tube contains 12 fibers • Glass Reinforced Plastic (GRP) central member • Dry core design for quicker, cleaner cable preparation • A ripcord is applied longitudinally over the cable core, followed by an over-sheath of Nylon.

Tube Diameter : 1.7 mmCable Diameter (nominal) : 6.1 mmCable Weight (nominal) : 30 kg/km

FTTx Optimized ProductsMini Cable up to 24 fibres


• Mini Cable optimized for air-blown mirco duct installation (8/10 mm ducts)• central filled loose tube construction• up to 24 optical fibres • Non-metallic strength elements

Fibre Count up to 12 and >12 up to 24Cable Diameter (nominal) : 4,5 - 5,0 mmCable Weight (nominal) : 19 -21 kg/km

FTTx Optimized ProductsBend Insensitive Fiber according to ITU-T G.657


Advantages:

• Allows for compact cable design

• Improved mechanical and physical properties

• Allows for repeated bending at very small bending radii

• Withstands kinking

Ideal fiber for in-house installation with many sharp turns and harsh handling during installation

Conventional Fiber (source: Sterlite)

Bend insensitive Fiber (source: Sterlite)

Offered OSP ProductsFiber Optic Drop Cables


• Tight buffer Drop cables (1– 4’ fibers)

Outside Plant Materials –Closures for Fiber Optic Cables


Outside Plant Materials Overview


Materials for Fiber Optic Networks• Optical Fibers • FO Cables• FO Closures• Connectivity• Optical Distribution Frames ODF• Cabinets, Boxes• Optical Splitter

Fiber Optic ClosuresFunction and Requirements


Function of Closures• Environmental and mechanical protection of fiber optic cable joints

Requirements for Closures• Water tightness • Mechanical stability (Torsion, Impact, Vibration etc.)• High mechanical strength• Temperature stability • UV-stabilised• Resistant to common contaminating fluids• Simple installation

Fiber Optic ClosuresType Selection (1)


How to define the closure type: • Number of fibers, splicing capacity • Splice protection (heat shrink, crimp)• Fiber management system, splice trays• Cable type (diameter, construction)• Cable sealing (mechanical, heat shrink, gel)• Closure type (in-line, dome)

Fiber Optic ClosuresGeneral Types


Inline Closure• Incoming and outgoing cables on both sides of the closure.

Dome closure• All cables are fed into the closure on one side only• Excess length of cables stored preferably in a ring• The complete closure can be taken away from the storage location to

a work station for installation or maintenance.

Fiber Optic ClosuresSplice Protectors


Splice protectors rebuild the primary coating of fiber for mechanical and environmental protection at the fusion joint area.• Heat shrink splice protector (international)

• Crimp splice protector (German Telecom)

Shrinking oven

Crimping tool

Fiber Optic ClosuresHeat shrink Splice Protectors


• Protects splices with coating diameters from 250µm up to 900µm • No additional attenuation• Different length versions available

(Standard: 40, 45 and 60mm)• are available for single fiber and ribbon fiber• have to be compatible with the fiber management systems and organizers• consists of - a rod for reinforcing the splice, - a low-temperature hot-melt adhesive to encapsulate and

strengthen the splice - a clear, heat-shrinkable tube.

Fiber Optic ClosuresCrimp Splice Protectors


• Simple and reliable• Installation time less than 5 seconds• Small dimensions of 30 x 1.3 x 3.2mm• No electricity required• Proven technology (millions

of splices without failures)• No additional attenuation• Protects 250µm splices with uncoated fiber length of up to 22mm

Fiber Optic ClosuresSplice Trays


• Mass Splicing 12-24 Splices in one tray

• SE = Single Element Fiber Management (all fibers of the same buffer tube)

6 - 12 Splices in one tray • SC = Single Circuit Fiber Management (one pair of fibers relevant to the sam functional circuit)

2 Splices in one tray

Fiber Optic Closures Cable sealing types


• Mechanical (Compression fitting or rubber)

• Heat shrinkable cable sealing

• Gel cable sealing

Fiber Optic ClosuresGel Cable Sealing


Example of Tyco Electronics

Before Installation

A=0contact

During Installation

A= + 3mm

After Installation

A

Fiber Optic ClosuresCable Port for Uncut Cable


• For branching fibers only the respective buffer tube have to be cut• All other fibers/buffer tubes continues without being cut and spliced

(looped through)• Reduction of splicing costs

• Therefore the closure must have- an oval cable port or

- a divided cable port

48 F 48 F

12 F

48 F

12 F12 F

48 F

12 F

Uncut cable

Fiber Optic ClosuresFiber Management


Fiber routing between cable and splice tray

• Buffer tube is directly connected to splice tray • Transportation tube protects the fibers of one buffer

• Single fibers routed in fiber groove

Fiber Optic Closures Comparison


Features

UCAO ESDF SEC15UCNCP MFT UCNCP FOSC Compact Comp.SC MJS-CP

UCNCP MAX SEC23 TL

FIST-GCO2

FIST-GCOG2

Inline Type r r Dome Type r r r r r r r r r r rSingle Element Trays r r r r r r r r r r r r rSingle Circuit Tray. r r r r r rSingle Fiber handling r r r r r rSealing tape sealing rMechanical cable sealing r r r rHeat shrinkable cable sealing r r r r r r r rGel cable sealing r

Fiber Optic Closures Assessment


Criteria UCAO ESDF SEC15 UCNCP MFT UCNCP FOSC Compact CompSC MJS-CP UCNCP

MAXSEC23 TL

FIST-GCO2

FIST-GCOG2

Cable slack handling - - + + + + + + + + + + +Cable entrance - + o + + o o o o + o o +Fiber Management - - - - - - - + + + + + +Availibility - - - - - - - o + + + + +Mirco Cable - - - - o - - o o + + o +Cost + o + o + o + o o o o o oTotal cost of ownership o o o o o o o o o + + + +Total - - - - o - - o o + + + +

Fiber Optic Closures Drop Cable Closure (Example)


Generic closure FIST-GCO2-FIntegration of splice and passive component in the external networkSingle-ended designBase and dome are sealed with latches and O-ring system6 or 8 round ports for drop cables and 1 oval port for looped cableThe single side UMS (Universal Mounting System) frame provide the foundation for mounting combinations of SOSA2 (Splice Only Sub-Assembly) and/or SASA2 (Splitter Array Sub-Assembly) modules,Compatible with most common cable types: e.g. loose tube, central core, ribbon fiberUncut fibers can be stored as single circuits in trays and/or as cable elements in the storage space.

Fiber Optic ClosuresSpecial Application

Some network designs requires special closure configurations

• Patching closure

• Splitter closure

• Closure in Sewerage (Metal, fate design)


Back up


Fiber Optic Closures Suppliers


• Preferred Suppliers

• Other Suppliers

www.prysmian.com

www.sterliteoptical.com

http://www.corningcablesystems.com/

http://www1.moeller.net/tochter/austria/de/buildings/xpatch/datennetzwerkkatalog.html

http://www.prysmian.com/

http://www.sterliteoptical.com/




http://www.tycoelectronics.com/

http://www.corning.com/


http://www1.moeller.net/tochter/austria/index.html

Fiber Optic ClosuresSingle Circuit Organizer Tray (SC Tray)


Single Circuit Organizer Tray (SC Tray)• designed to store the fiber splices and the extra length of fiber needed for re-splicing of one fiber optic circuit.

• The size of the SC tray is kept to a minimum to ensure maximum space utilization when used in the different network products.

• The arrangement of the extra fiber and the splices is such that fiber bending (minimum 30 mm) is controlled in all parts of the tray.

• SC trays are designed to allow easier fiber identification and single fiber access.

Fiber Optic Closures General Requirements in Metro Networks

• Junctions with a complex fiber distribution• Single circuit management for safety reasons • Easy installation, High practice fitness• Deployment on demand• High reliability of operation• Easily re-routing of existing fiber links to new user• High flexibility• Easy insertion of additional cable• Modular expandable• Cost effectiveness


Fiber Optic Closures Example for Metro Distribution Closure

Generic Closure Organizer (FIST-GCO2)

• 3 different sizes - up to 672 splices• Base and dome are sealed with clamp and O-ring system• 6 or 16 round ports - 1 oval port for uncut looped cable• Two profiles provide the foundation of SOSA2 and/or SASA2• Uncut fibers can be stored as single circuits in trays or as cable elements in the storage space between the profiles• Compatible with all cable and fiber types: loose tube, central core and slotted core cable, single and ribbon fiber• Storage baskets are available for mass storage of fibers from central core cable




Splice tray

Storage of uncut buffer tubes below the splice tray

Splice tray Adapter panel

Field mountable connectors

Fiber Optic Closures Splice Application I


Different network functions and applicationsTrack jointTwo cable lengths are spliced onto each other. The joint is not a flexibility point in the network; typically single element trays are used. This type of joint is used when at the end of the cable spool or when an outdoor cable has to be spliced to an indoor cable (cable chamber joint).

Spur joint type 1Branch a number of fibers onto another cable; the main cable continues without being cut and spliced. The fibers of the main cable are stored as tubes. Single Circuit trays are used since this is a flexibility point in the network.

Spur joint type 2Branch a number of fibers onto another cable; the main cable continues and is spliced as well. The main cable continues via single element trays.

Fiber Optic Closures Splice Application II


Different network functions and applications

Spur joint type 3Branch off a secondary ring from a main ring; the main cable continues without being cut and spliced. The fibers of the main cable are stored as tubes. Single Circuit trays are used since this is a flexibility point in the network.

Spur joint type 4Branch off a secondary ring from a main ring; the main cable continues via single element trays.

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