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Great Lakes Forever

So, you want to hear about MERCURY?

FOCUS on

MERCURY

MERCURY AWARENESS

FOR MICHIGAN CITIZENS

M2P2

M2P2 Task Force Focus

¥ Health Care

¥ Dental

¥ Electrical Users/Manufactures

¥ Chemical Users/Manufacturers

¥ General Public

¥ Automobile Sector

¥ Utilities

IÕm talking

aboutÉÉÉ

MERCURY!

Liquid elemental

mercury

Metallic Mercury

Also known as: Quicksilver

Hg13.5

times

denserthan

water!

Mercury

Periodic Table

1 fever thermometer = 2/3 gram1 fever thermometer = 2/3 gram

1 thermostat = ~4 grams1 thermostat = ~4 grams

1lb.= 454 grams = ~100 thermostats1lb.= 454 grams = ~100 thermostats

1 thermostat = ~200 Fluorescent1 thermostat = ~200 Fluorescent

lampslamps

1 gram = bead size of a pencil1 gram = bead size of a pencil

erasereraser

Elemental Hg reacts violently withElemental Hg reacts violently with

Ammonia and dry BromineAmmonia and dry Bromine

Mercury Facts

NATURAL SOURCES OF MERCURY

Cinnabar Ore (HgS)

Calomel Ore (Hg2 C12)

Historic UsesAncient RitualsMedicineFelt liningin Hats

Gold Mining

Unusual Recent UsesNecklacesVaccines & Medicines

Religious/Cultural Uses

Skin Lightening Creams

Preparation HContact Lens Solution

Maze GamesTennis ShoesPaint

Even the ÔMERCURY MinnowÕ

Contains Mercury

©National Geographic Society, 1972

Particularly insidious because its fumes are invisible and odorless, elemental mercuryvaporizes readily, even at room temperatures. Lit by a conventional lamp, a vial of mercurythrows the shadow at left; no fumes appear. Ultraviolet rays Ð absorbed by mercury Ð outlinethe other silhouette, which shows mercury vapor billowing from the vial. National Geographic Society. 1972 Quicksilver and Slow Death. National Geographic, Washington, DC. V. 142, No. 4, page 513.

Mercury ÒSpeciesÓElemental Mercury - Hg0

Mercurous Ð Mercury [I] - inorganic forms

Mercuric - Mercury[II] - organic formslike methylmercury

Mercuryis aÔGlobal

ConcernÕ

A Concern affecting Everyone!

2001

MICHIGAN

FISHCONSUMPTIONADVISORY

Methylmercury

Elemental

Mercury Toxicity depends on the ÔRoute ofExposureÕ

Health problems caninclude tremors, changesin vision or hearing,insomnia, weakness,difficulty with memory,headache, irritability,shyness and nervousness.Metallic mercury canalso damage the centralnervous system.

Effects of Mercury Exposure

MICHIGAN MECURY PIEESTIMATE OF MERCURY AIR EIMMISIONS

Sewage Sludge Incinerators65 lbs (<1%)

Hospital Waste Incinerators980 lbs (9.4%)

Municipal Waste Incinerators

2,915 lbs (28%)

Cement Manufacturing465 lbs (4.5%)

Hazardous Waste Incineration

280 lbs (2.7%)

Lamp Manufacturing/

Breakage330 lbs (3.2%)

Electric Utilities (coal)

3,120 lbs (31%)

Industrial &

Commercial (coal)680 lbs (6.5%)

Taconite ore680 lbs (7%)

Residential (oil)175 lbs (1.7%)

1994

8,385-10,415 lbs.

4,808 lbs.

Modern Mercury Poisonings

Minamata Bay, Japan

Iraq & Alamagordo, NM

Dr. Karen Wetterhahn

Lincoln Park, Michigan

WhereÕs mercury now?

Thermometers

The Big One:Sphygmomanometers

In 1999 there were

19,239 ÒreportedÓ breakages

Nationally, EPA estimates

17 tons are discarded

annually

Each spill incident costs on Average $4K-$10K for Clean-up.

Mercury Min-Max Thermometer(Bottom shelf)

MercuryBarometer

Button Batteries

Thermostats

More Common Sources

The Mercury-Containing and

Rechargeable Battery Management

Act (Public Law 104-142) took effect

on May 13, 1996.

Honeywell Corp. will cease

production of Hg thermostats in 2006

Dairy Manometers, Barometers, Gauges

and in Sink Drain Traps

PRODUCTS ALTERNATIVES

Thermometers electronic (digital), expansion, aneroid

Health Care Products Known to Contain Mercury & Alternatives

BatteriesDefibrillatorsHearing aidsPacemakers

lithium, zinc air, alkaline

Electrical equipment fiber optics, solid state devices, mechanicalswitches

Esophageal devicesCantor tubesMiller Abbot tubes

tungsten tubing (tungsten for weight)

Lampsfluorescent,high intensity,and ultraviolet

ordinary glow lights; low sodium vaportubes (yellow); optical, high-energy, long-lasting lights1

Sphygmomanometers electronic vacuum gage, expansion, aneroid2

Mercury Pressure Sensing Devices

Ignitron Rectifiers

L

Ledoux Bell Ratio Meters and Bailey Level Recorders

These may contain up to 40 pounds of mercury!

Industrial Devices that contain Mercury

Mercury AmountMedical Devices

68 gFoley catheter

136 gDennis tubes

136 gMiller Abbott tubes

54 g - 136 gCantor tubes

May contain as much as

3 pounds (1361 g) Hg

esophageal dilators

110 - 200 gSphygmomanometers

3 g - 4 gLaboratory

Thermometers

0.5 g - 1.5 gHousehold Fever

Thermometers

Source: Healthcare Without Harm

A TougherOne:

-Lab Chemicals

CHEMICALS ALTERNATIVES

Mercury (II) chlorideZenkerÕs solutionHistological fixatives

Ê

zinc Formalinfreeze drying

Staining solutions and preservatives for suchproducts as buffers and vaccines:

Thimerosal, Immu-sal, Carbol-fuchin stain,Gram iodine stain, phenolic mercuric,acetate, alum, Hematoxylin ÒSolution AÓ

replace with variety of chemical compounds3

Mercury (II) oxide copper catalyst

Mercury chloride none identified

Mercury (II) chloride magnesium chloride/sulfuric acid or zincformalin, freeze drying

Mercury (II) sulfate silver nitrate/potassium/chromium-(III) sulfate

Mercury iodide phenate method

Mercury nitrate (for corrosion of copper alloys)for antifungal use (mercurochrome)

ammonia/copper sulfateneosporin, mycin

ÊÊ

Fluorescent

Lamps

Cleaning Products

What About This Device,

Does it contain mercury ??????

Mixture of Tin, Indium, Gallium andsometimes Bismuth

Marketed as Gallistanª or NewMercª

Where You

ShouldNEVER

Find Mercury?

How is it possible these daysto know so much aboutmercury?????

Mercury Monitoring

Devices

Jerome Hg Vapor Analyzer

Mercury Monitoring

Devices

Lumex Monitor

Lumex

VM 3000

Mercury Monitoring

Devices

Tekran Mercury Monitor

Mercury Detection Devices

(Sweden)

ÒFroyÓ, ÒVilleÓ and nowÉÉÉ

ÔClancyÕThe Minnesota Mercury Doghttp://www.pca.state.mn.us/programs/mercury-free

Eliminating Mercury is NOT Rocket Science

The process starts with a Mercury Inventory or Audit

Pollution Prevention

Methodology: For working with MERCURY

¥ IDENTIFY Hg Use(s)

¥ RESEARCH alternatives

¥ SUBSTITUTE saferchemicals or devices

¥ Engage Best Mgmt.Practices, if Hg usedeemed absolutelyessential???

¥ Provide safety equipment;spill kits, gloves, andemergency clean up plan,educate employees

HgHg

Keeping Mercury Out of the Environment

U. S. Mercury Use down 85% since 1968

Biggest Decrease is due to the elimination of mercury use in Batteries and Paint

Good

News

Reports

But.ÉÉ

Much more remains to be done

To Learn More About

Mercury?????

Mercury P2 Assistance

¥ Publications

¥ InternetResources

¥ Funding; grants &loans

¥ Trade Associations

¥ Certificationand/or RecognitionPrograms

¥ Research &Technical

Institutions

P U B L I C AT I O N S

MERCURY P2

Home Page

¥ http://www.mi.gov

search for Mercury P2

Visit:

How to Handle a Mercury Spill

Small Mercury Spill

Large Mercury Spill

Professional Remediation: Use of Specialized Mercury Vacuum and

haz mat techniques

Hg Spill Guidance

Mercury Clean Up Guidelinefor households

1 µg/m_ ATSDR

Equal to 1,000 ng/m3Equal to 1,000 ng/m3

or 0.001 mg/m3or 0.001 mg/m3

Spill Management Bibliography

http://www.hcwh.org Health Care Without

Harm

http://www.nwf.org/greatlakes/resources/ mercury.htmlNational Wildlife Federation Mercury P2 inHealthcare.

http://www.sustainablehospitals.orgSustainable Hospitals Project at the Univ.MSLowell

http://www.epa.gov/glnpo/bnsdocs/Merchealth Hospital Hg elimination

Additional (WEB) Resources:

KEWEENAW

HOUGHTON

ONTONAGON

GOGEBIC

BARAGA

IRON

MARQUETTE

ALGER

DICKINSON

MENOMINEE

DELTA

SCHOOLCRAFT

LUCE

CHIPPEWA

MACKINAC

CHEBOYGAN

PRESQUE ISLE CHARLEVOIX

ANTRIM OTSEGO MONTMORENCY ALPENA

ALCONA OSCODA CRAWFORD KALKASKA GRAND

TRAVERSE

LEELANAU

BENZIE

MANISTEE WEXFORD MISSAUKEE ROSCOMMON OGEMAW IOSCO

MASON LAKE OSCEOLA CLARE GLADWIN

ARENAC

OCEANA

NEWAYGO

MECOSTA

ISABELLA

MIDLAND BAY

HURON

MUSKEGON

MONTCALM GRATIOT SAGINAW

TUSCOLA SANILAC

ST. CLAIR

LAPEER

GENESEE SHIAWASSECLINTON

IONIA KENT OTTAWA

ALLEGAN BARRY EATON INGHAM LIVINGSTON

OAKLAND MACOMB

VAN BUREN KALAMAZOO CALHOUN JACKSON WASHTENAW WAYNE

BERRIEN

CASS ST. JOSEPH BRANCH HILLSDALE LENAWEE

MONROE

10

4

6

5

1

2

13 9

11

7

3

8

12

EMMET

14

Michigan Groundwater Stewardship ProgramFY2001 Clean Sweeps

MichiganÕs Clean Sweep

Sites

Hospitals for a HealthyEnvironment (H2E)

H2E Program

¥ EPA/American HospitalAssociation asking all hospitalsto:

-Eliminate (virtually all)mercury use by 2005

-Reduce total wastevolume 33% by 2005; and50% by 2010

Additional Emerging Issues:

HB 6- Mercury-free Hospitals

HB 4599- Prohibits sale ofmercury thermometers

Mercury Stockpiles

Defense Logistics Agency;

Manages 5,000 ton stockpile for Dod, DOE

Chlor-alkali Facilities (de-commissioning):3,000 tons in U.S.

Recycled (Retort) Products: ~3,000 tons

(4 locations: Somerville, NJ, Warren, OH, New Haven, IN and Oak Ridge, TN)

Storage/Retirement Options

Stabilization (as Hg sulfide or incemented materials)

Amalgamation (copper, zinc, tin, etc.)

Encapsulation (of stabilized/amalgamated mercury) using materialssuch as sulfur polymer cement oremulsified asphalt

Long Term Storage Contracts

Great Lakes National Program Office

Buy one at the super discounted price and get the second for FREE !

Julie Zdybel

517/ 485-0660

jzdybel@malph.org

For more information or to hostan exchange contact:

Solar Powered Digital

KEWEENAW

HOUGHTON

ONTONAGON

GOGEBIC

BARAGA

IRON

MARQUETTE

ALGER

DICKINSON

MENOMINEE

DELTA

SCHOOLCRAFT

LUCE

CHIPPEWA

MACKINAC

CHEBOYGAN

PRESQUE ISLE CHARLEVOIX

ANTRIM OTSEGO MONTMORENCY ALPENA

ALCONA OSCODA CRAWFORD KALKASKA GRAND

TRAVERSE

LEELANAU

BENZIE

MANISTEE WEXFORD MISSAUKEE ROSCOMMON OGEMAW IOSCO

MASON LAKE OSCEOLA CLARE GLADWIN

ARENAC

OCEANA

NEWAYGO

MECOSTA

ISABELLA

MIDLAND BAY

HURON

MUSKEGON

MONTCALM GRATIOT SAGINAW

TUSCOLA SANILAC

ST. CLAIR

LAPEER

GENESEE SHIAWASSECLINTON

IONIA KENT OTTAWA

ALLEGAN BARRY EATON INGHAM LIVINGSTON

OAKLAND MACOMB

VAN BUREN KALAMAZOO CALHOUN JACKSON WASHTENAW WAYNE

BERRIEN

CASS ST. JOSEPH BRANCH HILLSDALE LENAWEE

MONROE

10

4

6

5

1

2

13 9

11

7

3

8

12

EMMET

14

Michigan Groundwater Stewardship ProgramFY2001 Clean Sweeps

In 1999-2000 Theseprogramscaptured

more than5,100 lbs.

ofmercury!

To Date 19,300Thermometers

Have been Exchanged in

29 Programs

ÒMercury in FlightÓ Awards

¥ Rite-Aid

¥ Brooks Drugs

¥ Safety First

¥ Albertson-American Drugs

¥ Wal-Mart

¥ Eckerd

¥ Walgreen

¥ CVS

¥ K-mart

¥ Target Stores

¥ Kinney Drugs

¥ Toys 'RÕ Us

¥ Meijer

¥ The First Years

These companies no longer sell Hg thermometers

EDUCATION

OUTREACH

FINANCIAL

ASSISTANCE

TECHNICAL

ASSISTANCE

INFORMATION

INCENTIVES

POLLUTION

PREVENTION

ENVIRONMENTAL ASSISTANCE DIVISION

Call Today!Environmental Assistance Center

1-800-662-9278

For More Information:

Ô M E R C U R Y M A N Õ

ÒFirst do no Harm!Ó HCWH

ENVIRONMENTAL ASSISTANCE DIVISIONMICHIGAN DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY

1-800-662-9278

For ÔMERCURY P2Õ Advice& Recycling/Disposal Info.

Closing Remarks:

¥ Mercury is a potent neurotoxin, persistent andbioaccumulative toxic chemical.

¥ Mercury is found throughout the environmentand itÕs danger represents a Global Concern.

¥ In the northern hemisphere there is 3-5 timesmore Hg cycling than 150 years ago.

¥ Currently there exists a narrow Ômargin ofsafetyÕ.

¥ Voluntary P2 efforts have accomplished much.¥ Michigan will continue aggressively advancing

P2 through successful partnerships andinitiatives.

ÒRESTORE the BALANCEÓ

Do it for the FISH, becauseÉ