FMS 200 Hollywood Film History
-
Upload
roth-gilmore -
Category
Documents
-
view
88 -
download
2
description
Transcript of FMS 200 Hollywood Film History
![Page 1: FMS 200 Hollywood Film History](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062321/56812ac3550346895d8e915c/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
FMS 200 FMS 200 Hollywood Film HistoryHollywood Film History
![Page 2: FMS 200 Hollywood Film History](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062321/56812ac3550346895d8e915c/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
2
Lecture 1:Lecture 1:Early CinemaEarly Cinema
Professor Michael Rubinoff
Pre-1915 cartoon of “Going to the Movies”
![Page 3: FMS 200 Hollywood Film History](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062321/56812ac3550346895d8e915c/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
This LessonThis Lesson• Working Terms
• Roots of Cinema
• Movement toward Narrative
• Competition for Audiences
• Assignments
3
Tootsie (1982)Biograph
Advertising Poster, 1900s
![Page 4: FMS 200 Hollywood Film History](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062321/56812ac3550346895d8e915c/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Working TermsWorking Terms
4Lesson 1: Part I
Star Theatre, New York CityEarly 1900s
![Page 5: FMS 200 Hollywood Film History](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062321/56812ac3550346895d8e915c/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
HollywoodHollywood
A cultural site that refers to the constellation of creative industries behind first network radio and later television, along with film studios in the Los Angeles region that produce and distribute globally. 5
1923 Hollywoodland real estate development
![Page 6: FMS 200 Hollywood Film History](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062321/56812ac3550346895d8e915c/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
IndustryIndustry
A set of institutions or manufacturers, often business enterprises (usually corporations), that desire to maximize profits. In other words, a commercial enterprise.
6
Universal Studios lot with Warner Bros. lot in distance
![Page 7: FMS 200 Hollywood Film History](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062321/56812ac3550346895d8e915c/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Hollywood As IndustryHollywood As Industry
“How did a collection of major studio corporations (Hollywood) come to dominate the production, distribution, and exhibition of movies and continue to maintain its control through the coming of sound, the innovation of color and widescreen images, and the diffusion of television and home video?”
7
Douglas Gomery
![Page 8: FMS 200 Hollywood Film History](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062321/56812ac3550346895d8e915c/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Roots of CinemaRoots of Cinema
8Lecture 1: Part II
Athanasius Kircher (1602-1680). Kircher published this first known illustration of a magic lantern in Ars magna lucis et umbrae, 1646.
![Page 9: FMS 200 Hollywood Film History](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062321/56812ac3550346895d8e915c/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Magic LanternMagic Lantern
A device that employed a lens, a shutter, and a persistent light source that projected images on glass slides onto a white wall or drapes.
9
Magic lantern from the 1870s
![Page 10: FMS 200 Hollywood Film History](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062321/56812ac3550346895d8e915c/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
10
Magic Lantern Slide from the 1800s
Magic Lantern SlideMagic Lantern Slide
![Page 11: FMS 200 Hollywood Film History](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062321/56812ac3550346895d8e915c/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
11
ZoetropeInvented in 1834 by William George Horner, the zoetrope was an early form of motion picture projector that consisted of a drum containing a set of still images, that was turned in a circular fashion in order to create the illusion of motion.
Insert Image Here
Add Image
Caption w/ Credits
Here
A Zoetrope with three strips of Zoetrope animation
![Page 12: FMS 200 Hollywood Film History](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062321/56812ac3550346895d8e915c/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Eadweard MuybridgeEadweard Muybridge
12
The Horse in Motion, photograph by Eadweard Muybridge. "Sallie Gardner," owned by Leland Stanford; running at a 1:40 gait over the
Palo Alto track, 19th June 1878.
![Page 13: FMS 200 Hollywood Film History](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062321/56812ac3550346895d8e915c/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
KinetographKinetograph
13
Interior of the kintrographic theater, Edison's Laboratory, Orange, N. J., showing phonograph and kinetograph.
Appeared in Century Magazine Vol. 48, Issue 2 (June 1894).
![Page 14: FMS 200 Hollywood Film History](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062321/56812ac3550346895d8e915c/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
KinetoscopeKinetoscope
14
Early Kinetoscope parlor in San Franciscoabout 1894-5
The “peephole machine” showing
the continuous, circulating loop of film
![Page 15: FMS 200 Hollywood Film History](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062321/56812ac3550346895d8e915c/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Black MariaBlack Maria
15
Edison's Black Maria studio, East Orange, NJ, circa 1895
![Page 16: FMS 200 Hollywood Film History](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062321/56812ac3550346895d8e915c/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
The KissThe Kiss (Edison, 1896) (Edison, 1896)
Please pause the lecture and watch the The Kiss between May Irwin and John C. Rice, the first kiss ever recorded on film. 16
![Page 17: FMS 200 Hollywood Film History](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062321/56812ac3550346895d8e915c/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
A Fad with Long-Term EffectsA Fad with Long-Term Effects
17
Kinetoscope viewing situation
with earphones, circa 1985
Xerox's 1978 film strip series "On Location With Grammar"
![Page 18: FMS 200 Hollywood Film History](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062321/56812ac3550346895d8e915c/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Lumière BrothersLumière Brothers
18
Advertisement from AugusteLumière (1862-1954)
and Louis Lumière (1864-1948)
The first screening of motion pictures at Paris's Salon Indien Du Grand Café on December 28, 1895
![Page 19: FMS 200 Hollywood Film History](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062321/56812ac3550346895d8e915c/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Arrival of a Train at La Ciotat Arrival of a Train at La Ciotat (Lumière, 1896)(Lumière, 1896)
Please pause the lecture and watch the Arrival of a Train at La Ciotat.
19
![Page 20: FMS 200 Hollywood Film History](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062321/56812ac3550346895d8e915c/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
20
Cinema of Attractions
• Exhibitionist cinema– Showing rather than
telling– Theatrical display over
narrative absorption– Acknowledgment of
the camera by the film’s characters
Insert Image Here
Sandow (Edison, 1894)
![Page 21: FMS 200 Hollywood Film History](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062321/56812ac3550346895d8e915c/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
VitascopeVitascope
21
Poster for Edison’s Vitascope, 1896
Tootsie (1982)
Screenplay by Murray Schisgal and Larry Gelbart
based on a story by Don McGuire and Larry Gelbart
![Page 22: FMS 200 Hollywood Film History](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062321/56812ac3550346895d8e915c/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Movement Toward NarrativeMovement Toward Narrative
22Lecture 1: Part III
The Orpheum Theatre, San Francisco, CaliforniaSeptember 12, 1915
![Page 23: FMS 200 Hollywood Film History](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062321/56812ac3550346895d8e915c/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
A Trip to the MoonA Trip to the Moon (Méliès, 1902) (Méliès, 1902)
Please pause the lecture and watch A Trip to the Moon.
23
![Page 24: FMS 200 Hollywood Film History](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062321/56812ac3550346895d8e915c/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
24
The Innovation of MélièsThe Innovation of Méliès
• Special Effects– Stop tricks– Multiple exposure– Time-lapse
photography– Dissolves– Hand painted cells to
add colorA Trip to the Moon (Méliès, 1902)
![Page 25: FMS 200 Hollywood Film History](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062321/56812ac3550346895d8e915c/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
The Gay Shoe ClerkThe Gay Shoe Clerk(Porter, 1902)(Porter, 1902)
Please pause the lecture and watch The Gay Shoe Clerk
25
![Page 26: FMS 200 Hollywood Film History](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062321/56812ac3550346895d8e915c/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Life of an American FiremanLife of an American Fireman(Porter, 1902)(Porter, 1902)
26
Please pause the lecture and watch Life of an American Fireman
![Page 27: FMS 200 Hollywood Film History](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062321/56812ac3550346895d8e915c/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
The Great Train RobberyThe Great Train Robbery(Porter, 1903)(Porter, 1903)
Please pause the lecture and watch The Great Train Robbery
27
![Page 28: FMS 200 Hollywood Film History](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062321/56812ac3550346895d8e915c/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
28
The Innovation of PorterThe Innovation of Porter
• Storytelling– Separate scenes– Parallel editing– Camera movement– Location shooting– Less stage-bound
camera placement
The Great Train Robbery (Porter, 1903)
![Page 29: FMS 200 Hollywood Film History](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062321/56812ac3550346895d8e915c/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
The SuburbaniteThe Suburbanite(McCutcheon, 1904)(McCutcheon, 1904)
Please pause the lecture and watch The Suburbanite
29
![Page 30: FMS 200 Hollywood Film History](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062321/56812ac3550346895d8e915c/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
J. Stuart BlacktonJ. Stuart Blackton
30
Humorous Phases of Funny Faces (1906) Princess Nicotine or The Smoke Fairy (1909)
Please pause the lecture and watch Princess Nicotine
![Page 31: FMS 200 Hollywood Film History](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062321/56812ac3550346895d8e915c/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
NickelodeonNickelodeon
31
Keith’s Theater, Washington, D.C., 1913
![Page 32: FMS 200 Hollywood Film History](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062321/56812ac3550346895d8e915c/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Competition for AudiencesCompetition for Audiences
32Lecture 1: Part IV
Thomas Edison posing with Sir Thomas Lipton, the creator of Lipton Tea circa 1905
![Page 33: FMS 200 Hollywood Film History](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062321/56812ac3550346895d8e915c/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
American Mutoscope and American Mutoscope and Biograph CompanyBiograph Company
33The Mutoscope, circa 1900, and Biograph, circa 1896
![Page 34: FMS 200 Hollywood Film History](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062321/56812ac3550346895d8e915c/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Motion Picture Patents Motion Picture Patents CompanyCompany
34
Executives of film companies newly licensed by the Motion Picture Patents Company gather at the Edison Laboratory on December 18, 1908. First row (left to right): Frank L. Dyer, Sigmund Lubin, William T. Rock, Thomas A. Edison, J. Stuart Blackton, Jeremiah J. Kennedy, George Kleine, and George K. Spoor. Second row: Frank J. Marion, Samuel Long, William N. Selig, Albert E. Smith, Jacques A. Berst, Harry N. Marvin, Thomas Armat(?), and George Scull(?).
![Page 35: FMS 200 Hollywood Film History](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062321/56812ac3550346895d8e915c/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
35
The First OliogopolyThe First Oliogopoly
• The Edison Trust– Fixed prices– Restricted distribution
and exhibition– Had exclusive contract
with Eastman Kodak– Had exclusive deal
with General Film Company
The 1902 sheet music, “The Kodak Girl,” a March and Two-Step
composed by William T. Cramer and dedicated to the Eastman
Kodak Company.
![Page 36: FMS 200 Hollywood Film History](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062321/56812ac3550346895d8e915c/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
36
Cleaning Up HollywoodCleaning Up Hollywood
• The Edison Trust– Courted middle-class
viewers– Eliminated sing-alongs– Raised prices– Self-censored its own
films– Submitted films to
censorship board– Drew from the classics Young Tom Edison (1940)
![Page 37: FMS 200 Hollywood Film History](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062321/56812ac3550346895d8e915c/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
37
Early Cinema RegulationEarly Cinema Regulation
1912 National Board of Censorship seal for the Edison Company
![Page 38: FMS 200 Hollywood Film History](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062321/56812ac3550346895d8e915c/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
The Motion Picture Distributing The Motion Picture Distributing and Sales Companyand Sales Company
38
Carl Laemmle, William Fox, and Adolph Zukor of the Motion Pictures Distributing and Sales Company. They would later be the heads of Universal, Fox, and Paramount.
![Page 39: FMS 200 Hollywood Film History](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062321/56812ac3550346895d8e915c/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
39
The Second OliogopolyThe Second Oliogopoly
• The Sales Company– Challenged the Edison
Trust oligopoly– Offered multi-reel
feature films– Developed stars– Offered movies based
on famous plays and novels
– Made controversial filmsOne of the most popular stars in
her day: Theda Bara, “The Vamp” in Under the Yoke (1918)
![Page 40: FMS 200 Hollywood Film History](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062321/56812ac3550346895d8e915c/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
Major Events 1911-1915Major Events 1911-1915
• 1911: Kodak broke their agreement with the Edison Trust
• 1912: Edison lost a patent suit against a rival company
• 1915: Edison Trust found to be in violation of the Sherman Anti-Trust Act and ordered to be dissolved
40
![Page 41: FMS 200 Hollywood Film History](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062321/56812ac3550346895d8e915c/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
AssignmentsAssignments
41Lecture 1: Part V
Sweeney Todd (2008)
Florence Lawrence, the “Biograph Girl,” circa 1910
![Page 42: FMS 200 Hollywood Film History](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062321/56812ac3550346895d8e915c/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
ReadingReading• Douglas Gomery, “Hollywood as Industry”• Tom Gunning, “The Cinema of Attractions”• George Sadoul, “Founding Father: Louis
Lumière in Conversation with George Sadoul”
42
![Page 43: FMS 200 Hollywood Film History](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062321/56812ac3550346895d8e915c/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
43
E-Board PostE-Board Post• Who are some contemporary filmmakers
whose work is similar to George Méliès? Why?
• Lumière’s and Edison’s early films have less to do with storytelling than with visual spectacle. Can you think of some forms of contemporary media that privilege novelty over narrative? Why do audiences still find this kind of cinema appealing?
43
![Page 44: FMS 200 Hollywood Film History](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062321/56812ac3550346895d8e915c/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
End of Lecture 1End of Lecture 1
Next
Lecture:
Narrative Integration
Traffic in Souls (1913)
44