Fluid Mechanics Lecture 2 Instructor: Prof. Zaher Kuhail Eng. Tamer A. Eshtawi Eng. Tamer A. Eshtawi...
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Transcript of Fluid Mechanics Lecture 2 Instructor: Prof. Zaher Kuhail Eng. Tamer A. Eshtawi Eng. Tamer A. Eshtawi...
![Page 1: Fluid Mechanics Lecture 2 Instructor: Prof. Zaher Kuhail Eng. Tamer A. Eshtawi Eng. Tamer A. Eshtawi Faculty: Engineering Department: Civil Engineering.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081519/56649ebf5503460f94bca716/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Fluid MechanicsFluid Mechanics
Lecture 2Lecture 2
Instructor: Prof. Zaher KuhailInstructor: Prof. Zaher Kuhail Eng. Tamer A. EshtawiEng. Tamer A. Eshtawi
Faculty: EngineeringDepartment: Civil EngineeringSemester: First semester 2006
University of Palestine
![Page 2: Fluid Mechanics Lecture 2 Instructor: Prof. Zaher Kuhail Eng. Tamer A. Eshtawi Eng. Tamer A. Eshtawi Faculty: Engineering Department: Civil Engineering.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081519/56649ebf5503460f94bca716/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
PressurePressure
![Page 3: Fluid Mechanics Lecture 2 Instructor: Prof. Zaher Kuhail Eng. Tamer A. Eshtawi Eng. Tamer A. Eshtawi Faculty: Engineering Department: Civil Engineering.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081519/56649ebf5503460f94bca716/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Pascal’s Law
![Page 4: Fluid Mechanics Lecture 2 Instructor: Prof. Zaher Kuhail Eng. Tamer A. Eshtawi Eng. Tamer A. Eshtawi Faculty: Engineering Department: Civil Engineering.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081519/56649ebf5503460f94bca716/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
![Page 5: Fluid Mechanics Lecture 2 Instructor: Prof. Zaher Kuhail Eng. Tamer A. Eshtawi Eng. Tamer A. Eshtawi Faculty: Engineering Department: Civil Engineering.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081519/56649ebf5503460f94bca716/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Example1Example1
![Page 6: Fluid Mechanics Lecture 2 Instructor: Prof. Zaher Kuhail Eng. Tamer A. Eshtawi Eng. Tamer A. Eshtawi Faculty: Engineering Department: Civil Engineering.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081519/56649ebf5503460f94bca716/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
![Page 7: Fluid Mechanics Lecture 2 Instructor: Prof. Zaher Kuhail Eng. Tamer A. Eshtawi Eng. Tamer A. Eshtawi Faculty: Engineering Department: Civil Engineering.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081519/56649ebf5503460f94bca716/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Vertical Variation Of PressureIn A Fluid Under Gravity
![Page 8: Fluid Mechanics Lecture 2 Instructor: Prof. Zaher Kuhail Eng. Tamer A. Eshtawi Eng. Tamer A. Eshtawi Faculty: Engineering Department: Civil Engineering.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081519/56649ebf5503460f94bca716/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Example 2Example 2
NW
WA
Fgh
A
F
PP
4468
101004
3.081.910001030
4
4002
2
1
1
21
2323
Solution:
![Page 9: Fluid Mechanics Lecture 2 Instructor: Prof. Zaher Kuhail Eng. Tamer A. Eshtawi Eng. Tamer A. Eshtawi Faculty: Engineering Department: Civil Engineering.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081519/56649ebf5503460f94bca716/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Atmospheric pressure
The atmospheric air exerts a normal pressure upon all The atmospheric air exerts a normal pressure upon all surfaces with which it is in contact, and it is known as surfaces with which it is in contact, and it is known as atmospheric pressure.atmospheric pressure.
![Page 10: Fluid Mechanics Lecture 2 Instructor: Prof. Zaher Kuhail Eng. Tamer A. Eshtawi Eng. Tamer A. Eshtawi Faculty: Engineering Department: Civil Engineering.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081519/56649ebf5503460f94bca716/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Gauge pressureGauge pressure
A gauge pressure can be given using height of any fluid.
![Page 11: Fluid Mechanics Lecture 2 Instructor: Prof. Zaher Kuhail Eng. Tamer A. Eshtawi Eng. Tamer A. Eshtawi Faculty: Engineering Department: Civil Engineering.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081519/56649ebf5503460f94bca716/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Example 3Example 3
![Page 12: Fluid Mechanics Lecture 2 Instructor: Prof. Zaher Kuhail Eng. Tamer A. Eshtawi Eng. Tamer A. Eshtawi Faculty: Engineering Department: Civil Engineering.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081519/56649ebf5503460f94bca716/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Pressure Measurement By Manometer
Manometers use the relationship between Manometers use the relationship between pressure and head to measure pressurepressure and head to measure pressure
1- Simple manometer1- Simple manometer
![Page 13: Fluid Mechanics Lecture 2 Instructor: Prof. Zaher Kuhail Eng. Tamer A. Eshtawi Eng. Tamer A. Eshtawi Faculty: Engineering Department: Civil Engineering.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081519/56649ebf5503460f94bca716/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
22 - -U-tube manometerU-tube manometer
![Page 14: Fluid Mechanics Lecture 2 Instructor: Prof. Zaher Kuhail Eng. Tamer A. Eshtawi Eng. Tamer A. Eshtawi Faculty: Engineering Department: Civil Engineering.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081519/56649ebf5503460f94bca716/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Example 4Example 4
Solution
2
22
33
2211
/ 85.12010085.20.
..
/ 85.20/ 25.20846
16.0*81.9*106.1306.0*81.9*1085.0
21
mKNabsP
atmPgaugePabsP
mKNmNP
P
ghghP
PP
pipe
pipepipepipe
pipe
pipe
pipe
![Page 15: Fluid Mechanics Lecture 2 Instructor: Prof. Zaher Kuhail Eng. Tamer A. Eshtawi Eng. Tamer A. Eshtawi Faculty: Engineering Department: Civil Engineering.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081519/56649ebf5503460f94bca716/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Example 5Example 5
Solution
2
22
33
2211
/ 27.8610073.13.
..
/ 73.13/ 13734
01.0*81.9*106.1304.0*81.9*101
0
21
mKNabsP
atmPgaugePabsP
mKNmNP
P
ghghP
PP
pipe
pipepipepipe
pipe
pipe
pipe
![Page 16: Fluid Mechanics Lecture 2 Instructor: Prof. Zaher Kuhail Eng. Tamer A. Eshtawi Eng. Tamer A. Eshtawi Faculty: Engineering Department: Civil Engineering.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081519/56649ebf5503460f94bca716/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Advances to the “U” tube manometer
![Page 17: Fluid Mechanics Lecture 2 Instructor: Prof. Zaher Kuhail Eng. Tamer A. Eshtawi Eng. Tamer A. Eshtawi Faculty: Engineering Department: Civil Engineering.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081519/56649ebf5503460f94bca716/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
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Single column manometersSingle column manometers
Vertical Single manometerVertical Single manometer
The volume that move from x-x to z-z datum =the volume that rise in right tube above x-x
datum
)()(
small very is A
a
)()(
)()(
21
1122
222211
2211
hghgP
hA
ahgh
A
ahgP
hhghhgP
PP
1
2
![Page 19: Fluid Mechanics Lecture 2 Instructor: Prof. Zaher Kuhail Eng. Tamer A. Eshtawi Eng. Tamer A. Eshtawi Faculty: Engineering Department: Civil Engineering.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081519/56649ebf5503460f94bca716/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Inclined single column manometersInclined single column manometers
11
2
1
112
1122
222211
2211
sin
)()sin(
)()(
small very is A
a
)()(
)()(
21
hlg
Ph
hglgP
hghgP
hA
ahgh
A
ahgP
hhghhgP
PP
p
![Page 20: Fluid Mechanics Lecture 2 Instructor: Prof. Zaher Kuhail Eng. Tamer A. Eshtawi Eng. Tamer A. Eshtawi Faculty: Engineering Department: Civil Engineering.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081519/56649ebf5503460f94bca716/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Example 2Example 2 The inclined manometer is filled The inclined manometer is filled
with oil that has a specific gravity with oil that has a specific gravity of 0.85 what angle a will yield a of 0.85 what angle a will yield a deflection 20 cm in the inclined deflection 20 cm in the inclined tube when the air pressure in the tube when the air pressure in the cistern is increased 600 N/m2 cistern is increased 600 N/m2
o
cmwithpressureIncrease
1.21
60085081.9sin2.0P
oil of drop thenglectingwith
tubein the 20N/m 600
increase
2
Solution:
![Page 21: Fluid Mechanics Lecture 2 Instructor: Prof. Zaher Kuhail Eng. Tamer A. Eshtawi Eng. Tamer A. Eshtawi Faculty: Engineering Department: Civil Engineering.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081519/56649ebf5503460f94bca716/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
ExampleExample
liquid of 28881.9800
5.64981
64981.5P
1.673756.2393
)5.0100
15.0(81.913600)5.0
100
13.0(81.9800
)5.0(81.913600)3.0(81.9800
21
1
m.g
Ph
P
P
hhP
PP
Solution
![Page 22: Fluid Mechanics Lecture 2 Instructor: Prof. Zaher Kuhail Eng. Tamer A. Eshtawi Eng. Tamer A. Eshtawi Faculty: Engineering Department: Civil Engineering.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081519/56649ebf5503460f94bca716/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Differential manometersDifferential manometers
ghhgPhhgP
PP
datumAt
mercuryBBAA
)()(
21
x- x
11
![Page 23: Fluid Mechanics Lecture 2 Instructor: Prof. Zaher Kuhail Eng. Tamer A. Eshtawi Eng. Tamer A. Eshtawi Faculty: Engineering Department: Civil Engineering.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081519/56649ebf5503460f94bca716/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
ghhgPhhgP
PP
datumAt
mercuryBBAA
)()(
21
x- x
21
![Page 24: Fluid Mechanics Lecture 2 Instructor: Prof. Zaher Kuhail Eng. Tamer A. Eshtawi Eng. Tamer A. Eshtawi Faculty: Engineering Department: Civil Engineering.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081519/56649ebf5503460f94bca716/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
ExampleExample
ghgPhgP
PP
datumAt
mercuryBABB
)6.3()1(
21
x- x
Solution
mh
h
hh
hh
329.0
1255684.41342
1334166.1665057848207848
81.9136006.381.9160010110181.980010200 33
![Page 25: Fluid Mechanics Lecture 2 Instructor: Prof. Zaher Kuhail Eng. Tamer A. Eshtawi Eng. Tamer A. Eshtawi Faculty: Engineering Department: Civil Engineering.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081519/56649ebf5503460f94bca716/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Inverted U-tube Differential Inverted U-tube Differential manometersmanometers
ghhgPhgP
PP
datumAt
liquidBBAA
)()(
21
x- x
21
1 2
![Page 26: Fluid Mechanics Lecture 2 Instructor: Prof. Zaher Kuhail Eng. Tamer A. Eshtawi Eng. Tamer A. Eshtawi Faculty: Engineering Department: Civil Engineering.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081519/56649ebf5503460f94bca716/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
ExampleExample
22
21
2
kN/m 8.18N/m 18835
15.081.98001.081.910003.081.9100019620
)()(
N/m 1962081.910002
21
x- x
B
B
liquidBBAA
A
P
P
ghhgPhgP
P
PP
datumAt
![Page 27: Fluid Mechanics Lecture 2 Instructor: Prof. Zaher Kuhail Eng. Tamer A. Eshtawi Eng. Tamer A. Eshtawi Faculty: Engineering Department: Civil Engineering.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081519/56649ebf5503460f94bca716/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
General Example 1General Example 1Example 1 The figure
Solution: w gasoline = 6.65 kN/m2 , w air = 0.0118 kN/m2
cm 0.857m 1057.8
100118.0 1065.63.18756.17610995.1
100118.0)018.03.0(1065.6018.081.9100010995.1
kN/m 995.130.01065.6
3
333
333
..
23
h
hh
hh
ghghghP
Also
whghP
airairgasogasowaterwatergauge
gauge
![Page 28: Fluid Mechanics Lecture 2 Instructor: Prof. Zaher Kuhail Eng. Tamer A. Eshtawi Eng. Tamer A. Eshtawi Faculty: Engineering Department: Civil Engineering.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081519/56649ebf5503460f94bca716/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Example 2Example 2
23
23
2.
.
23
/38.602*81.9*10001080
/73.2073.1001080
/73.10081.9*13600*755.0
/806.0*81.9*106.13
)(0
21
mkNghPP
mkNP
mkNP
PPP
mkNP
hgP
PP
waterairL
abs
atm
atmairabs
air
mercurymercuryair
Solution:
![Page 29: Fluid Mechanics Lecture 2 Instructor: Prof. Zaher Kuhail Eng. Tamer A. Eshtawi Eng. Tamer A. Eshtawi Faculty: Engineering Department: Civil Engineering.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081519/56649ebf5503460f94bca716/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Group work 1Group work 1
![Page 30: Fluid Mechanics Lecture 2 Instructor: Prof. Zaher Kuhail Eng. Tamer A. Eshtawi Eng. Tamer A. Eshtawi Faculty: Engineering Department: Civil Engineering.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081519/56649ebf5503460f94bca716/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Group work 2Group work 2
![Page 31: Fluid Mechanics Lecture 2 Instructor: Prof. Zaher Kuhail Eng. Tamer A. Eshtawi Eng. Tamer A. Eshtawi Faculty: Engineering Department: Civil Engineering.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081519/56649ebf5503460f94bca716/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Group work3Group work3