The Parts of a Flower Most flowers have four parts: sepals, petals, stamens, carpels.
Flowers and Fruits. Flower anatomy Sepals – Green leaves that protect the flower before it opens...
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Transcript of Flowers and Fruits. Flower anatomy Sepals – Green leaves that protect the flower before it opens...
Flowers and Fruits
Flower anatomy
Flower anatomy
• Sepals– Green leaves that protect the flower before it
opens• Peduncle– stem
Flower anatomy
• Petals– Colorful leaf-like structures– Attract animals and insects
• Calyx– All sepals fused
together
Flower anatomy
• Male: Stamen– Filament• Stalk-like structure that hold up anther
– Anther• Sack-like structure that holds pollen
– Pollen• Contains
reproductive cells
Flower anatomy
• Female: Pistil – Stigma
• Sticky part of pistil• Receives pollen
– Style• Rod that holds up
stigma
– Ovary• Holds eggs
– Ovule• Reproductive cell (eggs) that become seeds once
fertilized
Types of Flowers
• Perfect flower– Contains male and female parts
• Imperfect flower– Contains only male or only female parts
• Complete flower– Contain sepals, petals, pistil, and stamen
• Incomplete flower– Missing either sepals, petals, pistil, or stamen
Imperfect flowers are always incompleteIncomplete flowers are not always imperfect
Pollination and fertilization
• Sexual reproduction in plants
• Stamen releases pollen• Pollen is carried to a stigma– Does it have to be a different plant’s stigma?– Can it be?– How does it get there?
• Pollination occurs when the pollen reaches a stigma
Pollination and fertilization
• Pollen moves down the style depositing sperm into the ovary
• Fertilization occurs when that sperm reaches an ovule inside the ovary
• Once fertilized eggs become seeds and the ovary will swell and become fruit
Types of Fruits
• How can fruit be different? • Name some different fruits
• What is the purpose of a fruit?
Types of Fruits
• It is the fertilized ovary of a plant that grows to produce and protect seed.
• Once fertilization occurs, the flower is no longer needed and dries up.
• Seed are formed within fruit.• Fruit must be sufficiently mature for the
seed to be viable.
Types of Fruits
• Good fruit formation is essential for farmers and other producers– Why?
• The fruit that is often the most valuable product of a plant
• Fleshy fruit– Fibrous structure that surrounds the seed– Pome• Several seeds
– Drupe• Single seed
Types of Fruits
Types of Fruits
• Dry fruit– Formed in a pod or hull– Caryopsis• Thin wall
– Samara• Wings attached
– Pod• Definite seam
– Hull• No seam
Seeds
• Container of new life
• Good pollination is essential to creating lots of new seeds
seeds
• What is their purpose?– Reproduce plants– Protect embryo– Provide food for new plant to grow
• Human uses– Food production
seeds
• Corn, soybeans, and wheat – We want lots of seed from these plants– Most valuable part of the plant
• Grapes, oranges, and watermelons– We want few seeds from these plants– The fruit without seeds is more valuable
seeds
• Seed structure– External • Protect and nourish internal parts
– Internal• Embryo and food supply
• Monocots vs. Dicots– Very similar– Significant differences
Dicots
• External– Seed coat• Hold seed together• Protection
– Hilum • Seed scar• Attachment to fruit
– Micropyle • Tiny opening• Pollen entered
this opening
seeds
• Internal– Cotyledons
• Fleshy parts that contain food
– Radicle• Forms root
– Hypocotyl• Connects cotyledons
to radicle
– Epicotyl• Forms stem
– Plumule• Above ground part
of plant
monocot
• External– Seed coat• Protects and shapes seed
– Seed scar• Attachment point
– Silk scar• Point that silk was
attached to ovule
seeds
• Internal– Endosperm
• Stored food
– Radicle• Forms root
– Hypocotyl• Connects radicle
to food
– Epicotyl• Forms stem
– Cotyledon• Absorbs food and
moves it to cotyledon
– Plumule• Develops leaves and stem