Environmental theory

content BACKGROUND OF THE THEORIST

THEORITICAL SOURCES FOR THEORY DEVELOPMENT

USE OF EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE

MAJOR ASSUMPTIONS

THEORETICL ASSERTIONS

ACCEPTANCE BY THE NURSING COMMUNITY

CRITIQUE

APPLICATION

JOURNAL

CONCULUSION

REFERENCE

INDEX

BACKGROUND OF THE THEORIST

•Florence nightingale, the founder of modern nursing.

•She was born in florence , italy.

•She is a linguist and educated in science, mathematics, literature and arts.

•In 1837 at the age of 17 she confined in her dairy, “GOD SPOKE TO ME AND CALLED TO SERVICE”

•The first nurse educator and first nurse statistician

•July 6, 1851 Entered in the nursing school of ptr.Theodor Fleidner Kaiserwerth, Germany, as the 134th nursing student and graduated after 3 months.

• Returned to the service of her family. It was another 2 years after she was allowed to practice nursing in1853.

• She became the superintendent of the hospital for invalid gentlewomen in London.

• During the Crimean war, Nightingale received a request from Sidney Herbett to travel to Scutari, Turkey, with a group of nurses to care for wounded British soldiers

•She arrived there in November of 1854, accompanied by 34 newly recruited nurses

•She was called “THE LADY OF THE LAMP”.

•She become a heroine in great britain of her role in the crimean war.

•She reduced the mortality rate of the wounded soldiers from 42.7% to 2.2% because of her intervention in the environment.

•She was awarded funds in recognition of this work, which she used to establish schools for nursing training at St. Thomas’ Hospital and King’s college Hospital in London

•Nightingale devoted her energies not only to the development of nursing as a vocation (profession), but even more to local, national, and international societal issues, in a attempt to improve the living environment of the poor and to create social change.

• Hospital Administration of the British Army Founded Cheifly on the Experience of the Late War ( Nightingale, 1858a), Notes on Hospitals (Nightingale, 1858b), and Report on Measures Adopted for Sanitary Improvements in India from June 1869 to June 1870

•. She was able to work into her 80s until she lost her vision

•she died in her sleep on August 13, 1910, at age 90.

THEORETI CAL SOURCES FOR THEORY DEVELOPMENT

Many factors influenced the development of Nightingale’s philosophy of nursing. Her Personal, societal, and professional values and concerns all were integral to the development of her beliefs. She combined her individual resources with societal and professional resources available to her to produce change.

USE OF EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE

Nightingale’s reports describing health and sanitary conditions in the Crimea and in England identify her as an outstanding scientist and empirical researcher. Her expertise as a statistician is evident in the reports that she generated throughout her life-time on the varied subjects of healthcare, nursing, and social reform.

1 2 3 4

HEALTH

NURSING PERSON

ENVIROMENT

MAJOR ASSUMPTIONS

5 Essential Components ofA Healthy Environment:

. pure air. pure water. efficient drainage. cleanliness. light

1. Pure fresh air - "to keep the air he breathes as pure as the external air without chilling him.“

2. Pure water - "well water of a very impure kind is used for domestic purposes. And when epidemic disease shows itself, persons using such water are almost sure to suffer.“

3. Effective drainage - "all the while the sewer maybe nothing but a laboratory from which epidemic disease and ill health is being installed into the house."

4 Cleanliness - "the greater part of nursing consists in preserving cleanliness.“

5. Light (especially direct sunlight) - "the usefulness of light in treating disease is very important.“

Any deficiency in one or more of these factors could lead to impaired functioning of life processes or diminished health status.

THEORTICAL ASSERTIONS Nightingale believed that disease was a reparative process; disease was nature’s effort to remedy a process of decay, or it was a reaction against the conditions in which a person was placed. Nightingale did not provide a definition of nature Nightingale was totally committed to nursing education

Although Nightingale has been maligned or ridiculed often for not embracing the germ theory Nightingale did not explicitly discuss the caring behaviours of nurses Nightingale believed that nurses should be moral agents

ACCETANCE BY THE NURSING COMMUNITY

LOGO

•EDUCATION•PRACTICE

•FURTHER DEVELOPMENT

•RESEARCH

1 2

3 4

CRITIQUE

1

2

3

SIMPLICITY

•Environment to patient

•Nurse to patient

•Nurse to environment

LOGO

Generality

Empirical precision

Derivable consequences

•Nightingale theory & intentional comfort touch in management of tinea pedis in vulnerable populations

•Incorporating Nightingale theory nursing into teaching a group of pre-adolescent children about negative peer pressure

Applicatons :-

JOURNAL

ENVIRONMENTALLY SAFE HEALTH CARE AGENCIES: NURSING RESPOSIBILITY,

NIGHTINGALE’S LEGACY.

Florence Nightingale and subsequent nurse scholars have written about the impact of the environment on human health. Nightingale described, and staked out, the nurse’s role in optimizing environments for healing. Since Nightingale’s time numerous scholars have documented that environmental conditions play a major role in the health of individuals & populations. As nurse become more informed about the environment as a determinant of human health. They will be able to advocate more effectively for environmental conditions that promote health. This article provides both the theoritical and practical perspective to integrate environmental concerns into nursing practice. It recommends specific actions nurses can undertake to improve the environment within the health care setting. In particular the article provide a historical review of an environmental focus in nursing, discusses way to manage both upstream waste and downstream waste (solid, biohazard, and hazardous chemical wastes)so as to decrease environmental pollution and recomment specific nursing action to promote a healthy environment within health care agencies.

CONCLUSION :-

The Environmental Theory of Nursing is a patient-care theory. It focuses in the alteration of the patient’s environment in order to affect change in his or her health. Caring for the patient is of more importance rather than the nursing process, the relationship between patient and nurse, or the individual nurse.

REFERENCE

•Alligood R.M., Tomey M.A., Nursing theorists and their work 7th ed. Mosby Elesevier 2010. USA. P.No:71-84.•Paker E.Marilyn. Nursing theories and nursing practice 1st ed. Jaypee 2007 India. P.No:52-53.• Alligood R.M. Nursing theory utilization and application 4th ed. Mosby Elesevier 2010. USA. P.No:97-108.•Afaf Ibrahim MELEIS theoretical nursing 5th ed. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins China. 2012 p.No:104-106.•Anne M. Barker advanced practice nursing essential knowledge for the practice USA. 2009 p.No:9-10.

WEB REFERENCE:

•currentnursing.com/nursing theory/Florence Nightingale theory.htm•www.slideshare.net/.../01-florence-nightingales-environment-theory

JOURNAL REFERENCE:

Shaner M. H., Jas v. “Environmentally safe health care agencies : nursing responsibility , Nightingale’s legacy ” OJIN May 31, 2007, Vol: 12 P.No:2-4.

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