Flooding & Coastal Erosion

7/23/2019 Flooding & Coastal Erosion

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/flooding-coastal-erosion 1/19

C

1

1

COASTAL EROSION AND

FLOODING

Ikegbunam, I feoma

CMEMAN,EBAN

BY

© Ikegbunam, Ifeoma (M!"CMEMAN,EBAN

##kegbunam$%ma#&'om

Be#ng a )a*e )e!en+e a+ a )ub# Le+ue Ogan#-e b% +.e

Anamba S+a+e M#n#!+% of En/#onmen+, A0ka

#n ommemoa+#on of +.e 213 4o& En/#onmen+ Da% Ce&eba+#on

T.eme5 Ra#!e You 6o#e No+ +.e Sea Le/e&Da+e5 T.u!a% 7une 8 T., 213'

6enue5 4omen De/e&o*men+ Cen+e&, A0ka'

T#me5 12'2am )om*+

To0a! M#n#m#-#ng C&#ma+eIm*a+! 1



9

E:*e!!#on of a**e#a+#on;ga+#+ue

#n+ou+#on

Cone*+ua& #!!ue!6u&neab#&#+#e!,Im*a+! < *o!#+#/e =

nega+#/e

)o>&#ng of +.e 213 4o&

En/#onmen+ Da%

Ae!!#ng +.e T.eme5 Ra#!#ng %ou

on+en+!



I 0#!. +o e:*e!! m% ga+#+ue +o +.e ogan#-e! of

+.#! 0ok!.o* < T.e Anamba S+a+e M#n#!+% of

En/#onmen+, fo +.e# k#n ge!+ue #n #n/#+#ng me

+o !*eak #n an oa!#on of +.e 4o& En/#onmen+

Da% Commemoa+#on, an on +.e +o*#a& #!!ue

!u. a! Coa!+a& Eo!#on an F&oo#ng a! a

on!e?uene of &#ma+e .ange e!*e#a&&%, a! #+

a@e+! !ma&& #!&an e/e&o*#ng na+#on! 9

A**e#a+#on



In+ou+#on

E/e !#ne +.e &anmak n#+e Na+#on!onfeene on uman En/#onmen+ .e& #nS+ok.o&m, S0een, fom 7une 81 1,g&oba& a++en+#on .a! #nea!#ng&% be a0n+o +.e *o&#+#a&, !o#a& an eonom#*ob&em! onfon+#ng +.e g&oba&en/#onmen+ 0#+. a /#e0 +o +ak#ng

oe+#/e a+#on!' T.e 4o& En/#onmen+ Da% 0a!

e!+ab&#!.e b% +.e un#+e Na+#on! genea&A!!emb&% #n 1' +.e >!+ 0o&

en/#onmen+ a% e&eba+#on 0a! .e& #n 9



In+ou+#onon+#nue

)#o +o +.e S+ok.o&m onfeene of 1,

0ee +.e Ram!a on/en+#on of 11 a#me a+*o+e+#ng +.e 4e+&an!, T.e 6#ennaCon/en+#on 18, Mon+ea& )o+oo&1, foeu#ng o-one e*&e+#ng !ub!+ane! , +.e

e&!#nk# Mee+ 1, +.e Lonon Confeene,12 fo !e++#ng +.e &ega& fame0ok of a+#on

N eogn#-e! C&#ma+e C.ange a! a ommononen of mank#n #n 1, an e!+ab&#!.eI)CC #n 1

T.e Ba!e& Con/en+#on 1, on +an!bouna%mo/emen+ of .a-aou! 0a!+e! an +.e##!*o!a&'

N onfeene on En/#onmen+ = 3



In+ou+#onon+#nue

T.e N Con/en+#on on B#o&og#a& D#/e!#+% , CBD, 1, +.e

N Fame0ok Con/en+#on on C&#ma+e C.ange, 1' e+

One +.eme ema#n on!#!+ene #n a&& +.e!e on/en+#on! an

*o+oo&! *o+e+#on of +.e .uman en/#onmen+ fom

an+.o*ogen# a+#/#+% #/en en/#onmen+a& .ange!a*ab&e of e!+o%#ng +.e &#fe !u**o+ !%!+em! #n&u#ng +.e

a#, &an an 0a+e'

af+e R#o H +.a+ +.e one*+ of !u!+a#nab#&#+% beame +.e

e/e&o*men+ man+a /#a Agena 1'

Toa%, 0e +.#nk g&oba&&% an a+ &oa&&%, an &oa& #!!ue! .a/e

+.e# g&oba& #n+ee!+! an a+#on!'

8



Cone*+ of F&oo#ng F&oo#ng #! an% e&a+#/e&% .#g. o0 +.a+ o/e+o*! +.e na+ua& o

a+#>#a& bank #n an% *a+ of +.e #/e, !+eam, embankmen+!, e+e!u&+#ng +o #nuna+#on of an aea no+ noma&&% o/ee b% 0a+e'

F&oo#ng ou! 0.en +.e #/e o !+eam .anne& #! #nae?ua+e +oaommoa+e #!.age! fom a+.men+ aea!' I+ #! +.e +em*oa%

#!e #n +.e &e/e& of +.e #/e, &ake, !ea, e+ +.a+ &ea! +o #nuna+#on ofaJaen+ oo*&a#n an o+.e aea! e*en#ng on +.e magn#+ue of+.e oo, #+! o0 /e&o#+%, an +.e +o*oga*.% of +.e aea #n ?ue!+#on

F&oo#ng #! a noma& a+#/#+% of +.e #/e an o+.e !ufae 0a+ebo#e!, e!*e#a&&% u#ng ee#*+ of #n*u+ fom 0#e a#nage ba!#n!a! a e!u&+ a#nfa&& (a! !ufae uno@ #no0", #!.age! fom

e!e/o#!, am!, o !uge! fom !ea o oean &ea#ng +o #nuna+#on of&#++oa& an #*a#an ne#g.bo.oo! an &oa+#on!'

F&oo! on +.e o+.e .an ae .#g. o0 of an% !ufae 0a+e o #/e+.a+ o/e+o*! #+! noma& on>n#ng 0a&&!, bank! an embankmen+!'

T.e .%o&og#!+ !ee! oo a! e:+eme .%o&og#a& e/en+ 0.#. ou0.en +.e amoun+ of a#nfa&& ee#/e o/e a ba!#n o/e0.e&m! +.e#/e o !+eam .anne& ne+0okH! a*a#+% +o aommoa+e +.e

Cone*+ua& I!!ue!



D#men!#on! of oo#ng #n&ue!K R#/e#ne oo#ng <au!e b%.ea/% a#nfa&&, !no0 an #e me&+ a! !*#ng +.a0! b#ng #e Jam! = a!!o#a+e oo#ng #n o& &#ma+# eg#on! , a!.oo! a!!o#a+e 0#+. #n+en!e !+om!, oa!+a& oo! o !+om!uge oo! o +#a& !uge! ou 0.en on!.oe 0#n! an

.u#ane! au!e! +.e !ea &e/e& +o #!e o/e &o0 &%#ng oa!+a&aea!' Moe a+a!+o*.# #f ou u#ng .#g. +#e &ea#ng +o+#a& !uge!' Coa!+a& oo#ng an e!u&+ fom !e#!m# !e+0a/e! aka +!unam#

Lo0 &%#ng aea! an aea! o0n!+eam of #/e!, am!, e+,

ae mo!+&% /u&neab&e +o oo#ng Coa!+a& eo!#on5 mo!+ !+eam! an #/e! ae boee b% a+,

&o0 &%#ng aea! a&&e oo *&a#n! a/e #n+o +.e &an!a*eb% #/e;!+eam bank eo!#on'

Annua& !uge! an +#e! .a/e &e +o bank u++#ng, eo!#on an

oo#ng, an /a&&e% 0#en#ng, 0.#. ae noma& a+#/#+#e! of a#/e an *a+ of +.e +#um/#a+e of eo!#on, +an!*o+a+#on an

Cone*+ua& I!!ue!

on+'



R#/e! an o0#ng 0a+e bo#e! e:*e#ene +#a& a+#/#+#e!0.#. e!u&+! +o +em*oa% .anne& .ange! name&%K be&o0bank, bank fu&& an abo/e bank o bank beak#ng'

F&oo#ng ou! a+ +.e bank beak#ng !+age an +.e #/e #!!a# +o .a/e boken #+! bank an #n +#e'

Cone*+ua& I!!ue!

on+'



Im*a+! an6u&neab#&#+#e!

F&oo! .a/e bo+. *o!#+#/e an nega+#/e #m*a+! Ea&% #/#&#-a+#on! 0ee bu#&+ aoun maJo #/e /a&&e%! !u.

a! +.e N#&e , T#g#! an Eu*.a+e! , +.e Gange!, Ia0a% anInu!, +.e Yang+-e (a'k'a C.ang" an uang o (%e&&o0 R#/e"+.e Mekong, +.e M#!!#!!#**#, +.e Ama-on, +.e N#ge, a#e, e+'

E:*e+a+#on! ae bu#&+ on annua& oo#ng of +.e!e #/e! fonu+#en+ #. !u! an !e#men+! e*o!#+#on on +.e oo*&a#n!,on 0.#. +.e ag#u&+ua& *o!*e#+% +.e!e eg#on! e*en!'

F&oo! e.age na+ua& eo!%!+em!, an en.ane na+ua&!an#+a+#on an *u#>a+#on;e+o:#>a+#on of 0a+e bo#e!'

F#!.emen eage&% a0a#+ +.e %ea&% +#e! fo bum*e a+. of

>!.e!' be%on +.e *o!#+#/e #m*a+! of oo#ng &#e! a *&e+.oa of

e/a!+a+#on! an a+a!+o*.e!'

T.e!e #n&ue! !+u+ua& amage +o b#ge!, bu#&#ng!, oabe!, an u+#&#+#e!, !o#& eo!#on, e!+u+#on of *o*e+#e!, &#/e!+ok!, .uman &#/e!, on+am#na+#on of 0a+e !u**&% *o#n+! 0#+.a0 !e0age, angeou! &e/e&! of ba+e#a, +o:# an .a-aou!




En/#onmen+a& *o&&u+#on an !an#+a+#on .a&&enge!K an &anegaa+#on, &o!! of eonom# +ee! an fam o*! anon!e?uen+ !+a/a+#on, !o#a& #!e! an #!*&aemen+ of*eo*&e'

M#&&#on! of me+# +on! of !e#men+! .oke #/e .anne&!,#!*&ae! 0a+e an o/e +#me, a#!e! #/e be'

Dea+. an e!+u+#on au!e b% oo! an oa!+a& eo!#on!u*a!!e! +.o!e a#!#ng fom ea+.?uake!, an /o&an#eu*+#on!

4#+. be+0een 922 #n&an oo! %ea&% Lo!!e! ae #n +.e angeof b#&&#on! of o&&a! #m*a+#ng aoun 82m#&&#on *eo*&e 0o&

0#e (G&oba& Re!oue!, 219"' Dea+. +o&& fom oo! ae !*#ne beak#ng' Fo e:am*&e +.e

uang o R#/e oo#ng of 1 fo&&o0#ng e:+en!#/e a#nfa&&+.a+ &a!+e fo mon+.! au!e #!e #n +.e #/e an !*#&&e oo0a+e abou+ 9me+e! ee* #n+o +.e aJo#n#ng aea an !*ea+o 1,822 !?uae k#&ome+e! of +.e oun+% !#e' I+ &ef+

22,222 an m#&&#on *eo*&e ea #n&u#ng +.o!e +.a+ #efom 0#e! ea !+a/a+#on' An #n 191 oo e #!oe &e +o

12




An #n 191, #+! oo#ng &e +o +.e ea+. of 3m#&&#on *eo*&e'uang o #! a*+&% ubbe C.#naH! Soo0H'

+.e Yan+-e R#/e a&!o #n C.#na , ooe #n 111 an &a#me122,22 &#/e! an #n 191, 138,222 ea+.! an 9,22,222 /#a!+a/a+#on'

u#ane a+#na #nue oo#ng #n +.e Gu&f of Me:#o #nAugu!+ 228 &e +o !+om !uge +.a+ k#&&e 1,9 *eo*&e anamage *o*e+#e! 0o+. o/e P122b#&&#on '

Deembe , 223 In#an Oean T!unam# ('9 magn#+ue!ubma#ne" #n#+#a+e oo #n Inone!#a &e +o 922,222 ea+.! ,&ef+ moe +.an 1'8m#&&#on .ome&e!! an b#&&#on! of o&&a 0o+.

of *o*e+#e! amage' I+ a@e+e !+a+e! on +.e oa!+a& aea!of S'E A!#a an om*&e+e&% !ubmege !e/ea& #!&an!' On +.e0.o&e 19 oun+#e! #n&u#ng oun+#e! #n Af#a'

In Ma% 22, C%&one Nag#! !+uk M%anma 0#+. !+om!uge! an ooe +.e en!e&% *o*u&a+e Ia0a% e&+ak#&&#ng moe +.an 122,222 *eo*&e'

Sou+. Ea!+ A!#a .a/e *o+en+#a&! fo oo#ng beau!e of +.e#

1

1



)o>&#ng +.e 213 4o&En/#onmen+ Da%

Annua&&% T.e n#+e Na+#on! En/#onmen+ )ogamme (NE)"a&&#e! m#&&#on! of *eo*&e aoun +.e 4o& fo a+#on on a*a+#u&a #!!ue of g&oba& onen 0ea/e aoun a +.eme'

TE 213 4o& En/#onmen+ Da% ommemoa+#on fou!e! on!ma&& #!&an e/e&o*#ng !+a+e! an &#ma+e .ange'

T.e!e !ma&& I!&an De/e&o*#ng !+a+e! !+an on +.e gea+e!+#!k of e:+eme .%ome+eoo&og#a& e/en+! !u. a! oa!+a&eo!#on an oo#ng e!*e#a&&% +.o!e a#!#ng fom &#ma+e.ange #m*a+!'

C&#ma+e .ange ene! oa!+a& ommun#+#e! mo!+ /u&neab&e+o oo#ng an !+om !uge!'

T.e!e !+a+e! #n&ue! +.e Ma&#/e!, Samoa, ##ba+#, Ma!.a&&I!&an!, S#Lanka,Tu/a&u, Bune#, Su#name, T#n#a an Tobago, Guam, Ne0 Ca&eon#a, Se%.e&&e!, Mau#+#u! , e+'

1

1




4.a+ +.en #! &#ma+e .ange an .o0 #! #+ go#ng +oa@e+ +.e!e na+#on!Q

C&#ma+e .ange #! +.e .ange #n &#ma+e*aame+e! !u. a! a#nfa&& an +em*ea+ue 0.#.

b#ng! abou+ 0am#ng on#+#on! 0#+. a &o+ ofme+eoo&og#a& #m*&#a+#on!'

S+u#e! .a/e on>me +.a+ u#ng +.e &a!+ 122%ea!, +.e Ea+.H! +em*ea+ue! .a! #nea!e b%

2'32

C a! a e!u&+ +.e 0a+e &e/e& of oean! .a/egone u* b% 18m *a+&% ue +o +.ema& e:*an!#onof 0a+e an *a+&% ue +o me&+#ng of g&a#e!e!u&+#ng +o an a/eage !ea &e/e& #!e of 1'8mm *e%ea o/e +.e &a!+ en+u%, 1'mm;%ea #n +.e 82%ea!, an 9mm;%ea #n +.e &a!+ eae' T.#!

1




I+ .a! been e!+#ma+e +.a+ +.e me&+#ng of +.e 0o&H! #e a*!0#&& e!u&+ +o 2 #nea!e #n +.e 0a+e of +.e oean! an 0#&&!ubmege 98 of +.e +o+a& 0o& &anma!! '

T.e I)CC *oJe+e a on+#nuou! #nea!e #n +.e g&oba&+em*ea+ue! #f uen+ GG em#!!#on #! no+ u+a#&e'

T.e a+a!+o*.e au!e b% +.e #!#ng !ea &e/e& ma% be gaugeb% +.e fa+ +.a+ moe +.an .a&f of +.e 0o& *o*u&a+#on &#/e!0#+.#n 2km of +.e !ea'

T.e!e *o*u&a+#on! ae &#ke&% +o be !ubmege an a@e+e b%+.e #nge!! of !a&+ 0a+e fom +.e !ea ue +o #!#ng !ea &e/e&!'

Ra#nfa&& #! &#ke&% +o #nea!e #n .#g.e &a+#+ue!, #n#ene of

oo an oug.+ 0#&& a&!o #nea!e #n fe?uen% C&ean 0a+e a/a#&ab#&#+% ma% eue

Foo *ou+#on 0#&& be a@e+e #n /u&neab&e aea! #n#e+&%/#a b% *e!+! an *&an+;an#ma& #!ea!e!'

T.ee ma% be &age !a&e m#ga+#on! an #!*&aemen+ of

*eo*&e, e+'

1

9




T.e N .a/e mae !*##+e e@o+! +o om*e& na+#on! +o u+o0n em#!!#on of GG #n+o +.e a+mo!*.ee #n oe +o !a/e.uman#+% +.e a+a!+o*.# on!e?uene! of o&&a*!#ng o-one&a%e'

T.oug. NFCCC

Maake!. Ao (onfeene of *a+#e!"

%o+o )o+oo&!, an een+&% +.e Do.a Amenmen+ +o k%o+o

T.e Ba&# A+#on )&an!

Cabon Ta#ng

T.e Canun Ageemen+!, e+

A&& +.e!e ae e@o+! +o on+a#n g&oba& 0am#ng 0.#. #! a*eu!o of &#ma+e .ange'

uman a+#/#+#e! ae a+ +.e oo+ of g&oba& 0an#ng an b%e:+en!#on &#ma+e .ange /#a5

• n!u!+a#nab&e *a++en! of uban#-a+#on an mu!.oom#ng of#+#e!

• Con!um*+#on of .%oabon eneg%•

1

3



Ra#!#ng You 6o#e no+ T.e SeaLe/e&

In ae!!#ng +.e +.eme of +.#! %eaH! 4ED e&eba+#on,#n#/#ua&!, go/+!, e+ ae e?u#e +o5

Cu+ o0n e:e!!#/e on!um*+#on of fo!!#& fue&!

Reue ou abon an eo&og#a& foo+ *#n+!

Embae &ean eneg% Su!+a#nab&e &#/#ng

Su!+a#nab&e +an!*o+a+#on

Lan u!e -on#ng an e-on#ng

Su!+a#nab&e 0a+e mg+

Su!+a#nab&e #nfa!+u+ue an bu#&#ng e!#gn D#!a!+e e!*on!e *&ann#ng an emegen% managemen+

De/e&o* !+a+eg#e! fo uban go0+. *&an!

Su**o+ na+#ona& an #n+ena+#ona& ageemen+! +o eue GGem#!!#on!

Enfoe +.e #m*&emen+a+#on an u!e of eneg% e#en++e.no&og#e! 18



Ra#!#ng You 6o#e no+ T.e SeaLe/e&

De/e&o* a&+ena+#/e eneg% !oue! o+.e +.an fo!!#& fue&! )&an oa!+a& an e!+ua#ne &o0&an bu@e -one!

D#/e!#f% eonom# an em*&o%men+ ba!e! an o**o+un#+#e!

)omo+e en/#onmen+a& on!e/a+#on

E+

TANS AND GODBLESS

1

Flooding & Coastal Erosion

Documents

Transcript of Flooding & Coastal Erosion