Flood Resilient Construction

By, Prashant mudalgi Sharath bandi Satham husain

Floods in Europe

                       WHAT ARE FLOOD RESILIENCE

Flood resilient: Flood-resilients are designed and constructed to reduce the impact of flood water entering the structure so that no permanent damage is caused, structural integrity is maintained and drying and cleaning is easier

Rank Deaths Event Location Year

1 1,000,000-4,000,000 1931 China floods China 1931

2 900,000–2,000,000 1887 Yellow River flood China 1887

3 500,000–800,000 1938 Yellow River flood China 1938

4 231,000 Banqiao Dam failure China 1975

5 145,000 1935 Yangtze river flood China 1935

6 100,000+ St. Felix's Flood, storm surge Netherlands 1530

7 100,000 Hanoi and Red River Delta flood North Vietnam 1971

8 up to 100,000 1911 Yangtze river flood China 1911

9 50,000–80,000 St. Lucia's flood, storm surge Netherlands 1287

31 5,700 2013 North India floods India 2013

List of deadliest floods

What are the causes of flooding?•Rainfall fills rivers, streams and ditches beyond their capacity•Blocked or overloaded drainage ditches•Rainfall can be so intense that it is unable to soak into the ground or enter drainage systems•A reservoir or canal may cause flooding either from overtopping or bank failure EFFECTS OF FLOOD • It damages property and endangers the lives of humans and other species•Rapid water runoff causes soil erosion and sediment deposition•The spawning grounds for fish and other wildlife habitats can become polluted or completely destroyed•Some prolonged high floods can delay traffic in roadways•Structural damage can occur in bridges, bank lines, sewer lines, and other structures within floodway•Damage to the farming and electric powers

Uttarakhand floods effect

How does floodwater enter a building?

● vents, airbricks● inadequate seals between windows, doors and frames● door thresholds● cracks in external walls● flaws in wall construction● seepage from below ground through floors and basements● sanitary appliances from backflow from surcharged drainage systems● brickwork and blockwork● expansion joints between walls where different construction materials meet orbetween the floor slab and wall

Resilience consideration

•Why design for flood resilience•Is flood resilience covered in Government policy• Why is resilience guidance required•What is the aim of this guidance•How to use this guidance

Flooding considerations 

•What are the causes of flooding•What is flood risk management•How does floodwater enter a building•What damage can a flood cause•The effects of contaminated floodwater on buildings

Planning policy and building standards 

•Overview of the planning system• Overview of the Building Regulations system •Interface between planning processes and Building Control

DESIGN APPROACHES TO MANAGING FLOOD RISK • Design strategies • Avoidance and resistance design options o Site layout o Landscaping o Drainage o Boundary walls and fencing o Threshold and floor levels

Temporary barriers 

Filled container type barrier

Framed type of barrier

Movable barrier in front of door 

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Kedarnath_Temple.jpg

Kedarnath Temple

Kedarnath Temple

Location in Uttarakhand

Coordinates:30°44′N 79°4′E

NameProper name:Kedarnath

LocationCountry: India

State:UttarakhandLocation:Kedarnath

Temple DetailsPrimary Deity:Kedarnath, 'Lord of Kedar Khand'

(Shiva)

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Uttarakhand_locator_map.svg

Kedarnath Temple Kedarnath Mandir (Kedarnath Temple) is one of the holiest Hindu temples dedicated to the god Shiva and is located on the Garhwal Himalayan range near the Mandakini river in Kedarnath, Uttarakhand in India. Due to extreme weather conditions, the temple is open only between the end of April (Akshay trutya) to Kartik Purnima (the autumn full moon, usually November) every year. During the winters, the vigrahas (deities) from Kedarnath temple are brought to Ukhimath and worshipped there for six months. Lord Shiva is worshipped as Kedarnath, the 'Lord of Kedar Khand', the historical name of the region.

The temple is not directly accessible by road and has to be reached by a 14 kilometres (8.7 mi) uphill trek from Gaurikund. Pony and manchan service is also available. The temple is believed to have been built by Pandavas and revived by Adi Sankaracharya and is one of the twelve Jyotirlingas, the holiest Hindu shrines of Shiva. Pandavas were supposed to have pleased Shiva by doing penance in Kedarnath.

The temple is also one of the four major sites in India's Chota Char Dhampilgrimage of Northern Himalayas.Kedarnath was the worst affected area during the 2013 flash floods in North India. The temple complex and surrounding areas suffered extensive damage. However, aerial photos showed that the temple itself was still standing among the surrounding debris

The temple, located at an height of 3,583 m (11,755 ft), 223 km from Rishikesh, on the shores of Mandakini river, a tributary ofGanges, is an impressive stone edifice of unknown date. The structure is believed to have been constructed about 1200 years ago. According to Hindu mythology, during the Mahabharatha war, the Pandavas killed their relatives; in order to absolve themselves of this sin, the Pandavas undertook a pilgrimage. But Lord Vishweshwara was away in Kailasa in the Himalayas. On learning this, the Pandavas left Kashi. They saw Lord Shankara from a distance. But Lord Shankara hid from them. Then Dharmaraj said: “Oh, Lord, You have hidden yourself from our sight because we have sinned. But, we will seek You out somehow. Only after we take your Darshan would our sins be washed away. This place, where You have hidden Yourself will be known as Guptkashi and become a famous shrine.”

The first hall inside the temple contains statues of the five Pandava brothers, Lord Krishna, Nandi, the vehicle of Shiva and Virabhadra, one of the guards of Shiva. Statue of Draupadi and other dieties are also installed in the main hall. A medium sized rough stone is worhispped in the Garbagruha of Kedarnath temple. An unusual feature of the temple is the head of a man carved in the triangular stone fascia of the temple.

Such a head is seen carved in another temple nearby constructed on the site where the marriage of Shiva andParvati was held. Adi Shankara was believed to have revived this temple, along with Badrinath and other temples of Uttarakhand and he is believed to have attained mahasamadhi at Kedaranath. Behind the temple is the samādhi mandir of Adi Sankara.

The Kedarnath valley, along with other parts of the state of Uttarakhand, was hit with unprecedented flash floods on 16 and 17 June 2013 almost after 80 years.Although temple withstood the severity of the floods, the temple complex and surrounding area were destroyed with the flood, resulting death of several thousands of pilgrims and local people.All the shops and hotels were destroyed and all roads were broken. Number of people took shelter inside the temple for hours together , until Indian army airlifted them to safer places. The Uttarakhand Chief Minister announced that the Kedarnath shrine would remain closed for a year for clearing the debris around the shrine.

Rock saved Kedarnath TempleAs the floods waters were carrying stones and boulders with it, one large rock that carried upto the temple and settled at the rear side of the Kedarnath Temple. This caused an obstruction to the debris and water which were coming down the mountain side, diverting the flow to the sides of the temple and effectively the main force of the flash flood was taken away from the temple, thus minimising the damage.

Thank youFor

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