Flight Planning for 1st Light
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Transcript of Flight Planning for 1st Light
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1SOFIA
Stratospheric Observatory for Infrared
Astronomy
Flight Planning for 1st Light
Allan Meyer and Eric Becklin
SSSC 29 Sept 2009
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2SOFIA
Stratospheric Observatory for Infrared
Astronomy
Flight Planning for “TA charact., 1st light”
• TA characterization: pointing stability, other performance & functionality aspects potentially affected by flight environment
• “first light” image from FORCAST: not science, for demonstration purposes only. Will not drive any new requirements or schedule delays
• Development phase constraints on the aircraft, and the character of the “IR Sky” dictate & severely limit the content of feasible flight plans. (Probably also true for TA characterization without FORCAST)
• Aircraft Constraints:– Door fully open but fixed at 23° elevation for TA char., 1st light
– 200 nautical mile radius limit from DAOF*
– Offshore limit ~50 miles
– No Mexico overflight => Dec. > -35°
– ~ 6 hour flight duration
– Sun at least ~10° below horizon
– 35K observing altitude, winter / spring, 2010
*late note: Platform Project is considering an increase of the radius limit
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3SOFIA
Stratospheric Observatory for Infrared
Astronomy
Location of Geographic Limits
• 200 nm radius limit
• Off-shore limit
Mexico border
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4SOFIA
Stratospheric Observatory for Infrared
Astronomy
Flight Plan Science Constraints
• TA characterization– Pointing stability
– Image quality (i.e. confirm diffraction limit from HIPO Shack-Hartmann)
– Chopping performance
– 5 - 25 µm fast imaging (50 - 500 Hz) of IR bright stars (M <+2)
• “First light”: – demonstration of science capability:
Point source okay; one extended source could be attempted.
– TBD s, 5 - 40 µm
• IR bright stars for setup, fast imaging (TA char.), & demonstration of FORCAST performance.
• FIR bright extended source(s) (H II/SFRs, planet) for science demonstration.
• Trackable with current FPI, mag. limit ~12 (offset tracking or FFI tracking if needed)
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5SOFIA
Stratospheric Observatory for Infrared
Astronomy
Getting a List of Appropriate IR Stars
• The appropriate list of visible & mid-IR bright stars is the first step
• FORCAST sensitivity at ~500 Hz readout rate– J. Adams (Cornell, Dec. ‘08) calculation for 16 MIRAC stds.
– At 508 Hz readout rate, S/N = 50 for 56 Jy at 5.35 µm
– Vega ( Lyr, M = 0, 158 Jy) S/N = 140
• Lists from several online sources have been downloaded for trial use
• The best list appears to be based on the IRAS Point Source Catalog (PSC), with limits on 12 µm flux, 12µm/25µm flux ratio, & appropriate ID.SIMBAD ident.
typeR.A.
(2000)Dec. Gal.
long.244.4
Gal. lat.
V Kspec. type
F12 / F25
l Pup
Em*
7 43 48.47 -28 57 17.4 -2.54 4.0 2.5A3Iab:
1.8
12 Lib
Star
14 54 20.13 -24 38 31.9 335.5 30.35 5.3 2.2K2/K3III
4.1
13 PsA
Star
22 4 23.84 -29 54 59.5 18.5 -53.40 6.5 2.0K5III
4.9
24 Cap
*in**
21 7 7.67 -25 0 21.1 22.0 -40.01 4.5 0.5K7III
3.8
27 Sco
Star
16 57 11.18 -33 15 34.2 350.5 6.07 5.5 1.6K5III
4.2
36 Lib
Star
15 34 37.32 -28 2 49.1 341.5 22.35 5.1 1.9K4III
3.7
43 Oph
Star
17 23 21.59 -28 8 34.2 358.0 4.54 5.3 1.5K5III
4.4
49 Hya
Star
14 6 22.30 -26 40 56.5 323.0 33.25 3.3 0.8K1III-IV
4.5
50 Hya
Star
14 12 46.02 -27 15 40.3 324.3 32.21 5.1 2.4K3III
4.1
52 Eri
Star
4 35 33.04 -30 33 44.4 231.0 -41.31 3.8 1.6G8IIIa
3.8
AF For
PulsV*
3 8 37.52 -26 26 46.9 219.6 -59.47 8.6 2.1M5III
3.5
AH Sco
semi-regV*
17 11 17.02 -32 19 30.7 353.1 4.27 7.5 0.4M4III:
1.8
AI For
V*
3 19 34.91 -24 7 22.4 216.2 -56.59 5.7 1.1M1III
3.7
AK Pyx
Irregular_V*
8 48 14.63 -28 38 19.7 252.0 9.35 6.5 0.5M5III
2.7
AL Pyx
Irregular_V*
9 1 6.28 -27 30 56.7 252.9 12.27 7.2 2.4M1III
3.9
alf Sco
semi-regV*
16 29 24.46 -26 25 55.2 351.9 15.06 1.1 ~M1.5Iab-b
4.6
Alpha PsA
V*
22 57 39.05 -29 37 20.1 20.5 -64.91 1.2 ~A4V
3.8
AM For
semi-regV*
3 43 10.03 -31 1 9.4 229.4 -52.51 7.2 1.4M4III
3.7
AO Pyx
Irregular_V*
9 14 47.65 -33 40 56.5 259.6 10.41 8.8 2.1M5/M6III
3.5
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6SOFIA
Stratospheric Observatory for Infrared
Astronomy
Candidate Targets for Feasibility Trials
• FORCAST 2006 “Design Reference Mission”:– ~100 assorted galactic & extragalactic targets– 28 calibration stars: Boo, Tau, CMa, etc. N mag. ~0 to -4
• NOAO list + UKIRT stds. + Cat. IR Obs. (Gezari)– M<+1, > -35° => N = 288
• IRAS PSC (using CDS Vizier) + SIMBAD idents– 12 µm flux > 25 µm flux for stellar sources– Dec. strip for ~23° elevation west heading: -34° to -24°– N ~ 250 to 310 depending on 12µm flux cutoff (e.g. 10 Jy, or gal. b modulated)
• Catalog of Pstns. of IR Stellar Sources (CPIRSS, Hindsley et al. 1994)– IRAS PSC sources confidently identified as stars (Tycho, Hipparcos, etc.)
– Dec. -34° to -24°, F(12µm) > 5 Jy, & F(12µm) > F(25µm) => N = 263
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7SOFIA
Stratospheric Observatory for Infrared
Astronomy
CPIRSS F(12 µm) > 5 Jy, -34° < Dec. < -24°
-36°
-34°
-32°
-30°
-28°
-26°
-24°
-22°
-20°
024681012141618202224Right Ascension (hrs, J2000)
Decli
nati
on
(J2
00
0)
Sky Distribution
QuickTime™ and a decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
FORCAST DRM (green), NOAO + UKIRT + CIO bright IR stars (M < +1), Dec. >-35°
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8SOFIA
Stratospheric Observatory for Infrared
Astronomy
Feasibility: example TA char. Flight plan
ETD: 0320Z Mar. 15, 2010
ETE: 06+50
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9SOFIA
Stratospheric Observatory for Infrared
Astronomy
Summary of Observing Legs
Leg no. Object V M F(12µm)Leg
DurationObject elevation
range
4 Saturn 0 30 m 19° - 25°
5 S Cep 7.5 -1.7 383 Jy 24 m 23°
7 HIP 43093 7.2 +1.8 20 Jy 45 m 24° - 23°
9 NGC 6543 9 +7 8 Jy 35 m 22° - 25°
10 NSV 4862 4.3 +1 20 Jy 45 m 23°
12 Gamma Cep 4.2 ~+0.7 21 Jy 37 m 23°
14 W Hya 7.5 - 3.9 4200 Jy 35 m 22° - 24.5°
16 HIP 11978 6,8 +1.1 12 Jy 30 m 23° - 22°
Sum of observing leg durations = 4.7 h
Net time with objects in 22° - 24° elev. range ~4.1 h
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10SOFIA
Stratospheric Observatory for Infrared
Astronomy
“1st Light” & Short Science: availability of M42, Sgr A (winter / spring )
M 42, Sgr A Max. Leg Duration vs. Date( TA Elev. Range 23° - 30° )
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
1-Jan 15-Jan 29-Jan 12-Feb 26-Feb 12-Mar 26-Mar 9-Apr 23-Apr 7-May
Date
Max.
Leg D
ura
tion (
23°
- 30°)
M 42 setting
M 42 rising
M 42 rsing & setting
Sgr A (rising)
• M 42 available both rising & setting thru end of Jan. (8-hr flight can catch both.)
• After that only one leg possible, limited by 23°- 30° elev. range to 40 minutes until ~Apr. 20.
• Sgr A starts to become available in mid-March. (Leg duration limited to 50 min. by 200 nautical mile radius range limit.)