Unit 4 The Performance of Second Order System Open Loop & Close Loop Open Loop: Close Loop:
Flexible Power Hardware-In-The-Loop Testing of DC Circuit ......Flexible Power Hardware-In-The-Loop...
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► Flexible Power Hardware - In - The - Loop Testing of DC Circuit Breakers ◄ Georgios Tsolaridis, Jürgen Biela and Christian Franck Laboratory for High Power Electronic Systems (HPE) and High Voltage Laboratory (HVL)
Transcript of Flexible Power Hardware-In-The-Loop Testing of DC Circuit ......Flexible Power Hardware-In-The-Loop...
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► Flexible Power Hardware-In-The-Loop Testing of DC Circuit Breakers ◄
Georgios Tsolaridis, Jürgen Biela and Christian Franck
Laboratory for High Power Electronic Systems (HPE) andHigh Voltage Laboratory (HVL)
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IntroductionMotivation
▼ Background
Multi-Terminal HVDC technology (MT-HVDC) Loss reduction Cost reduction Reliable operation
VSC-based MT-HVDC Vulnerable in DC-faults Short breaking times
HVDC circuit breakers: Key for reliable and cost-efficient MT-HVDC operation
▼ Research Questions
Component Sizing Expected fault currents Energy dissipation requirements Blocking voltage requirements
Maximum breaking times
Optimization of HVDC breakers
Cost-efficient development of HVDC breakers
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▼ Need for High Current Source
IntroductionMotivation
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IntroductionMotivation
Well-established method for test current generation
Weil-Dobke circuit
Sinusoidal waveform (Quasi-DC)
Challenging decoupling of arc parameters
New method for switchgear characterization
Buck-converter based
Complex waveform generation with limited dynamic
Facilitates decoupling of arc parameters
Advanced topology: Dynamic and precise
Interleaved buck-type high frequency converter
Arbitrary waveform
“Optimal” decoupling of arc parameters
▼ Current Injection Circuits
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Outline
Introductiono Motivation
Power Hardware-in-the-Loopo Definitionso Role in HVDC
Characterization of HVDC Switchgearo Motivationo A new approacho First results
Flexible Arbitrary Current Sourceo Applicationso Specificationso Topology and Concepto Current Source 1.0o Advanced Control o Current Source 2.0
Outlook
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► Power Hardware-in-the-Loop◄
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Power Hardware-in-the-LoopDefinition
▼ Power-HiL
Cost-effective testing Model validation Testing under critical conditions Need for high power amplifier
▼ Ampifier requirements
High power High bandwidth Low ripple – High accuracy Flexibility - Modularity
▼ Schematic
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Power Hardware-in-the-LoopRole in HVDC
▼ Example of HVDC Breaker Test Bed
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► Characterization of HVDC Switchgear◄
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Characterization of HVDC SwitchgearMotivation
▼ Background
HVDC breaker Challenging interruption >50A/μs gradients High energy dissipation
Arc/Plasma formation Electrical discharge through a
previously insulating medium
Arc understanding key to breaker optimization
▼ Modelling Challenges
Electrical, thermal and fluid dynamic dependency Stochastic variations Complex multi-physics simulations needed
Black-box modeling Sufficient accuracy Extraction of parameters requires complex
current waveforms
▼ Passive Resonant Circuit Breaker
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▼ A Novel Method
Optimal current waveformsDecoupling of parameters
Stationary currents Extraction of arc steady state cooling power P
Steep current gradientsExtraction of arc thermal inertia τ
High dynamic current
Precision/low ripple
▼ Current Waveforms
Characterization of HVDC SwitchgearA new approach
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▼ Dynamic characterization
▼ Steady state characterization ▼ Limitations
Characterization of HVDC SwitchgearResults at HVL
▼ Current Source at HVL v1.0
Limited current to 3kA
Limited voltage to 3kV
Limited current waveforms
Unipolar output voltage
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Key learning: τ dependence on pressure
Key learning: arc voltage dependence on pressure
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► Flexible Arbitrary Current Source◄
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Flexible Arbitrary Current SourceApplications
▼ Prototype System v.1
Emulation of fault currents in DC grids Arbitrary current source
30 kA output current at 10kV >200 A/μs current gradient
▼ Specifications
Accelerator magnets Medical applications Plasma sources
▼ Other Applications
▼ Current Waveforms
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Output voltage: ±10 kV
Output current: 1.5 kA
Current gradient: >10 A/μs
Current ripple: 200 A/μs
Current ripple:
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Flexible Arbitrary Current SourceConcept
▼ Single Stack Topology
▼ Operation Principle
Current shaping converter 6-phase interleaved buck-type converter
Step voltage generator Modular Multilevel Marx-Type Converter
▼ System Concept
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Flexible Arbitrary Current SourceCurrent Source 1.0
▼ Prototype System v.1
▼ Experimental Results with Resistive Load
Output voltage 5.5 kV
Output current 1.4 kA
Current gradient 2 A/μs
Pulse length 20 ms
▼ Specifications
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Flexible Arbitrary Current SourceControl Challenges
▼ Free Burning Arc
Extreme load fluctuations
Chaotic/Unpredictable behavior
Highly dynamic control is required
▼ Controlling Arcs
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Flexible Arbitrary Current SourceAdvanced Control Concept
▼ Advanced Hybrid Controller▼ Performance Characteristics
Transients: Adaptive hysteresis controller Near-optimal transient response Excellent disturbance rejection
Steady State: PI Controller + Phase Shifting Good steady state performance Constant switching frequency Optimal interleaving Design simplicity
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Flexible Arbitrary Current SourceSimulation Results
▼ Simulation Results: Arc load
Behavioral arc model
Measurement-based model
Stochastic changes >400% change in R-value >250 V/μs
Resulting current: ±10%
▼ Arc Simulation
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Flexible Arbitrary Current SourceCurrent Source 2.0
▼ Current Shaping Converter Module
▼ M3TC Module
▼ Single Stack Source: CAD model
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► Final Words◄
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Outlook
G. Tsolaridis and J. Biela “Adaptive Hybrid Control Concept for Multiphase DC-DC Converters”, IEEE ECCE, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA 2017
G. Tsolaridis and J. Biela “Flexible, Highly Dynamic and Precise 30-kA Arbitrary Current Source”, IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science, 2018
A. Ritter, L. Bort and C. Franck “Five Years of Pulsed Current Testing for HVDC Switchgear”, IEEE ICHVE, 2016
▼ List of Publications
MT-HVDC grid investigations requirments
Power HiL/Characterization of HVDC breakersTremendous upside on the development procedure
High dynamic and arbitrary current
Low ripple, precision and modularity fit various other applications
Current source v.2 is under development
Promising simulation results with arc loads
▼ Outlook ▼ Single Stack Source: CAD model
L. Bort, T. Schultz and C. Franck “Determining the time constant of arcs at arbitrary current levels”, Plasma Physics and Technology, 2019
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Thank you for your attention
Contact info:Georgios Tsolaridis
► Flexible Power Hardware-In-The-Loop Testing of DC Circuit Breakers ◄Introduction�Motivation Introduction�MotivationIntroduction�MotivationOutline► Power Hardware-in-the-Loop◄Power Hardware-in-the-Loop�DefinitionSlide Number 8► Characterization of HVDC Switchgear◄Characterization of HVDC Switchgear�MotivationCharacterization of HVDC Switchgear�A new approachCharacterization of HVDC Switchgear�Results at HVL► Flexible Arbitrary Current Source◄Flexible Arbitrary Current Source�ApplicationsFlexible Arbitrary Current Source�SpecificationsSlide Number 17Slide Number 20Slide Number 21Slide Number 22Slide Number 23Slide Number 24► Final Words◄Slide Number 26Thank you for your attention
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