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Flanger4Plus

User GuidePart Number: 9100-7002

Revision 070109

For Build 62209 and later

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For build 62209 and later 2

Copyright

No part of this publication, or any software included with it, may be reproduced, stored in a

retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, including photocopying,

electronic, mechanical, recording or otherwise.

This document contains proprietary and confidential information. The disclosure of its

contents to any third party is strictly prohibited without the prior written consent. This

document is provided AS IS, without warranty of any kind, either expressed or implied,

including, but not limited to, the implied warranty of merchantability or fitness for a

particular purpose. The equipment, software, or specifications described in this document

may be changed or improved at any time and without notice.

Revision History

Updated: August 12, 2010

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3 For build 62209 and later

Contents

1. Introduction................................................................................... 7

About The Product .................................................................................................... 8

Benefits And Uses..................................................................................................... 8

Flanger4Plus Gets Smarter Over Time ..................................................................... 8

Designed For Wireless .............................................................................................. 8

Easy Setup and Configuration................................................................................... 9

Network Connectivity ............................................................................................... 9

Typical Deployments .............................................................................................. 10

2. Getting Started ........................................................................... 11

Identifying Your Flanger4Plus................................................................................ 12

Supported Radios for Power over CAT5 ................................................................ 12

Understanding the Front Panel ................................................................................ 12

Understanding the Back Panel ................................................................................ 13

Making Connections ............................................................................................... 14

LAN Port........................................................................................................ 16

Local Port ...................................................................................................... 16

Flanger4Plus User Interface ......................................................................... 17

MAC Addresses.............................................................................................. 17

IP Defaults..................................................................................................... 17

DS1 Timing Control....................................................................................... 17

Profiles........................................................................................................... 18

DS1 Defaults.................................................................................................. 18

Features and Specifications..................................................................................... 19

Product Support....................................................................................................... 20

3. Configuration Considerations..................................................... 21

Network Settings ..................................................................................................... 22

Setting Flanger4Plus Addresses .............................................................................. 22

Selecting the DS1 Clock Mode ............................................................................... 23

Clock Recovery ....................................................................................................... 24

Mode 3 ........................................................................................................... 24

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Mode 4 ........................................................................................................... 24

When to use Mode 2 to Mode 3 Pairs............................................................ 25

When to use Mode 2 Pairs............................................................................. 25

When to use Mode 3 Pairs............................................................................. 26

Using Equalizer Control Settings............................................................................ 26

Optimizing Reliability for Various Networks......................................................... 26

Making a Packet ............................................................................................ 26

Pointer Calculation ....................................................................................... 27

The Buffering Mechanism.............................................................................. 28

Optimizing Performance for Various Networks ..................................................... 29

Flanger4Plus Logic ....................................................................................... 29

Packetizing Delay .......................................................................................... 29

Link Delay...................................................................................................... 29

Wire Delay..................................................................................................... 30

In the Air Delay ......................................................................................... 30

Protocol Delay............................................................................................... 30

Delay Variation ............................................................................................. 31

Link Verification ............................................................................................ 31

Example Link Delay Measurements .............................................................. 32

Overall Link Delay Budget ............................................................................ 34Bandwidth Considerations ...................................................................................... 34

Flanger4Pluss Unique FEC......................................................................... 34

Profile Considerations ............................................................................................. 34

4. Configuring Flanger4Plus........................................................... 36

Accessing the Flanger4Plus Unit ............................................................................ 37

Using the Menu to Navigate .......................................................................... 39

Login to the Web Server ................................................................................ 40

Using the System Reset and Recover page ............................................................. 41

Using the TDM Configuration page.............................................................. 43

Individual Channel Settings........................................................................... 44

T1/E1 Remote Target..................................................................................... 45

TDM FEC ...................................................................................................... 46

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Using the Ethernet Configuration page......................................................... 48

Using the Radio Configuration page............................................................. 49

Using the TOS Configuration page ............................................................... 50

Using the Profile Configuration page ........................................................... 51

Managing Profiles ................................................................................................... 52

Copying a Profile........................................................................................... 52

Creating a Profile .......................................................................................... 52

Deleting a Profile .......................................................................................... 52

Using SNMP .................................................................................................. 54

Updating your Flanger4Plus............................................................. 56

Understanding Flanger4Plus Reports .............................................. 57

Description of Interface Reports ............................................................................. 57

Understanding DS1 Reports .......................................................................... 58

Understanding WAN Reports ........................................................................ 61

Understanding WAN Reports ........................................................................ 61

Description of IP Reports ........................................................................................ 63

Understanding IP Reports............................................................................. 63

Understanding ICMP Reports ....................................................................... 65

Understanding ARP Table Reports ............................................................... 67Description of TCP/UDP Reports ........................................................................... 70

Understanding UDP Reports......................................................................... 70

Understanding TCP Connection Reports ...................................................... 71

Understanding TCP Receive Reports ............................................................ 74

Understanding TCP Transmit Reports .......................................................... 76

Description of System Reports................................................................................ 77

Understanding Packet Queue Reports........................................................... 77

Understanding Problems Reports.................................................................. 80

Understanding SNMP Reports ...................................................................... 81

Understanding Web Server Reports .............................................................. 86

5. Cabling Requirements................................................................ 88

CAT5 Ethernet ........................................................................................................ 88

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Pin-outs with Power over CAT5.................................................................... 88

Pin-outs without Power over CAT5............................................................... 88

Ethernet with Power over CAT5.................................................................... 88

DS1 with RJ-45 ....................................................................................................... 89

6. Appendix .................................................................................... 90

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1. Introduction

This guide is intended for installers and support personnel of your Memorylink

Flanger4Plus. It assumes a working knowledge of DS1 telecommunications lines and IP

networks.

Section Contents

About the Product

Benefits and Uses

FLANGER4PLUS Gets Smarter Over Time

Designed for Wireless

Easy Setup and Configuration

Network Connectivity

Typical Deployments

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About The ProductFlanger4Plus enables point-to-point tunneling of T1 or E1 traffic across wireless

Ethernet devices. This small, simple-to-use unit provides seamless transport of T1 or E1

across an Ethernet link, thereby providing dramatic cost savings over the cost of

conventional leased lines.

Benefits and Uses Eliminates monthly leased line changes

Ideal for PBXs in campus environments

Great for Cellular Backhaul

Protects legacy equipment investments

Provides Disaster Recovery capability

Ideal for providing broadband for special events

Flanger4Plus Gets Smarter Over TimeWith its exclusive Malachi architecture, Flanger4Pluss hardware becomes interactive,

reprogrammable and reshapable, providing scalability and greater dimensionality. The

Flanger4Plus defies competitive technologies that have built-in obsolescence and delivers a

far greater value than silicon-based circuitry.

Designed For WirelessThe Flanger4Plus uses a unique algorithm optimized for wireless Ethernet transport of T1

and E1 data streams. Because of the potential for changing conditions that could affect

wireless network throughput, the Flanger4Plus unit provides the capability for recovering

from data loss, without propagating the errors to following frames. This is accomplished

with Channel Look-Ahead and Programmable Channel Optimization features.

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Easy Setup and ConfigurationBecause Flanger4Plus provides physical pass-through of the T1 and E1 link, no special

configuration or setup is required, regardless of the format (e.g. fractional, channelized,

clear channel, checksum on/off, etc.). T1 and E1 signals are precisely repeated using a

clock locked to the incoming line. In case of signal interruption at the source, no additional

resynchronization is required at the Flanger4Plus device level. No special setup is neededto enable such things as fractional T1; whatever is impressed upon the T1 connection at

one end appears unchanged at the other.

Network ConnectivityFlanger4Plus can be deployed across a networked environment using wireless broadband,

wired Ethernet, or a combination, as long as the requirement for MAC-layer transparency

is met, and there are no competing bandwidth demands. This is most easily met by a

private, dedicated radio system, or by a private LAN. Channel LookAhead continuously

estimates the variation of arrival time; in conjunction with the Programmable Channel

Optimization feature, the Flanger4Plus system can deliver optimum reliability under

changing network conditions.

Flanger4Plus transports the full DS1 bandwidth (1.544 Mbps T1 or 2.048 E1) plus 256

Kbps of overhead in each direction constantly, thus occupying a total of 3.4 Mbps per T1

and 4.3 MB over E1.

When used with a wireless IP system, the Flanger4Plus provides T1or E1 transport across

distances limited only by the wireless system. It is an ideal, affordable solution for

connecting PBX systems in remote office and campus environments. The Flanger4Plus

can also supplant wire-line backhaul connections to cellular towers, eliminating monthlyleased landline charges as well as the associated problems.

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Typical DeploymentsOne common application involves the interconnection of Private Branch Exchanges

(PBXs) in multiple locations. Connected as shown in the figure below, Flanger4Plus links

can provide excellent service and reliability at a fraction of the cost of leased DS1 circuits.

Figure 1 Remote PBX

Another application, shown in the figure below, is that of connecting cellular telephone

base station sites to the Mobile Telephone Switching Office. In this situation,

Flanger4Plus units can be the key not only to substantial cost savings, but in enabling a

completely independent and maintainable network.

Figure 2 Cellular Backhaul

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2. Getting Started

Your Flanger4Plus set is pre-configured by the factory to work without requiring any

installation configuration. The Flanger4Plus set contains the following items:

Two (2) Flanger4Plus units pre-configured as pair, with one unit set todetermine DS1 clock from the telecommunications equipment connected to

port 1 (Mode 2), and the other to determine clock from its partner (Mode

3).

Two (2) external power supplies with Power Blockers

Two (2) Flanger4Plus Power Supplies

Two (2) Flanger4Plus Power Cords

Flanger4Plus Quick Start Manual

License Agreement

Section Contents

Identifying Your Flanger4Plus

Supported Radios for Power over CAT5

Understanding the Front Panel

Understanding the Back Panel

Making Connections

Understanding Factory Default Configurations

Product Support

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Identifying Your Flanger4PlusA Flanger4Plus unit can be identified by the product label attached to the bottom of the

unit. The label identifies the type of Flanger4Plus unit and its serial number, as illustrated

below:

Flanger4Plus serial numbers use hexadecimalnumbers. The values correspond to the assignedMAC address for the WAN port for your unit.

Supported Radios for Power over CAT5

Radios PowerAlvarion Radios

Pins: 4 & 7 Power (+) 5 & 8 Power (-)

56V

Motorola Canopy Radios

Pins: 4 & 5 Power (+) 7 & 8 Power (-)

24V

Understanding the Front PanelThe front panel has one status indicator light.

The status indicator LED is used to display the overall condition of the Flanger4Plus unit

as follows:

Front Panel LED Meaning

Blinking Orange WAN Link down

Alternating Orange and Red Partner not found

Alternating Orange and

Green

DS1 line error not receiving from

remote

Solid Green Very Good to Excellent System

Performance

Blinking Green Acceptable to Good System Performance

Alternating Red and Green Poor System Performance

Blinking Red Very Poor System Performance

Solid Red Hardware Fault

Off No Power

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Understanding the Back Panel

WAN

(Power Out)

Connects Flanger4Plus to the dedicated network used for

communications between a pair of Flanger4Plus units.

LINK Link is present. Blink indicates activity.

100 Ethernet port operating speed. OFF indicates 10 MB, ONindicates 100 MB.

Caution This port supplies power output via Power over CAT5.

If the device you are connecting to the WAN port is notsupported or you dont need power, you must use the supplied

power blocker to remove power from the port, or make custom

cables removing wires 4, 5, 7 and 8.

ATTENTION- Cette prise fournit une sortie de courent via POWERsur CAT5. Si lequipment que vous connectez `a la prise WAN nest

pas conforme ou vous navez pas besoin de courent, Vous devez

employer le bloque courent pour eliminer tout courent de la prise, ou

employez le cables particuliers en enlevant les cables 4,5,7,et 8.

LAN Allows a locally connected PC to access the Flanger 4Plus and connectedequipment. It is possible that large amounts of traffic through this port can

interfere with proper operation. LINK Link is present. Blink indicates activity.

SPEED Ethernet port operating speed. OFF indicates 10 MB,

ON indicates 100 MB.

DS1 Up to four DS1 lines may be connected to these ports. Note that there

may be unused ports for your configuration.

LINK Lit when a DS1 signal is present and the port is enabled.

ACTIVITY Blinks when the signal represents valid DS1 data.

Local

(Power In)

Connects Flanger4Plus to a local area network via the Flanger4Plus power

supply.

LINK Link is present. Blink indicates activity.

100 Ethernet port operating speed. OFF indicates 10 MB, ON

indicates 100 Mb.

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Making Connections1. Locate each Flanger4Plus unit in an area where AC power, the Ethernet connection

to the external dedicated wide area network (WAN), and the local equipment DS1

connections are all available.

2. Use a CAT5 Ethernet cable (blue shown) and connect the external power supply toeach Flanger4Plus units Local port. Plug in the Flanger4Plus power supply to an AC

power outlet. The front panel status indicator will light as described on the previous

page.

Note that the power supplys male CAT5 connector DOES NOT havePower over CAT5 and can be connected directly into other equipment.

3. (Optional) Connect the Flanger4Plus to your companys LAN Ethernet network or toa local PC via the male Ethernet cable. The Local Port Link indicator will light when

there is active Ethernet signaling.

4. Connect the WAN Ethernet network via a CAT5 Ethernet cable to each Flanger4Plusunits WAN port. The WAN LINK indicator will light when there is active Ethernet

signaling.

Equipment connected to the WAN port WILL BEdamaged if the device does

not support Power over CAT5. Use the supplied power blocker or customcables to prevent trouble!

Lequipment connente` au WAN sera endommage` sil nest pas conforme `aPOWER sur CAT5. Employez le bloque courent fourni ou es cables particulierspour prevenir des probl`emes.

5. Connect each local equipment DS1 port to an equipped Telco port on theFlanger4Plus. In most cases the DS1 cable needs to be a cross-over. The ports

ACTIVITY indicator will light when there is DS1 link activity and the port is

enabled.

Note that a DS1 crossover cable is DIFFERENT than an Ethernet

crossover cable. Refer to the DS1 with RJ-45 Cable Diagramssectionfor details.

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Example Interconnections

Powerin

Flanger4Plus

PowerSupply

LAN

Flanger4Plus

PowerSupply

Powe

rout

Powe

rout

LAN

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Understanding the Power Supply

Flanger4Plus uses Power over CAT5 to supply power to the Flanger4Plus and WAN-

connected equipment such as a wireless broadband modem.

WAN Port Power Out: Wires 4, 5, 7 and 8 are carrying power from theFlanger4Plus to power the radio.

LAN Port No Power: The LAN port is a standard 10/100 ethernet port.

Local Port Power In: Wires 4, 5, 7 and 8 are carrying power from the powersupply to power the Flanger4Plus. Observe the warning tag on the

power supply when connecting.

Equipment connected to the WAN port WILL BEdamaged if the devicedoes not support Power over CAT5. Use the supplied power blocker orcustom cables to prevent trouble!

Lequipment connecte` a la prise Wan SERA ENDOMMAGE` sil netolere pas POWER sur CAT5. Employez le bloque courent fourni ou lescables particuliers pour prevenir des probl`emes.

The supplied power blocker is a CAT5 coupler that internally has the wires connecting

pins 4, 5, 7 and 8 removed so that power is not supplied when it is installed.

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Understanding Factory Default ConfigurationNote that Flanger4Plus units are always shipped in pairs. The units are intended to be

connected together at their Wide Area Network (WAN) ports via dedicated Ethernet, such

as wireless broadband.

A managed wayside data path is available between the two units LAN ports using

available bandwidth on the interconnecting link over and above that needed for DS1transport.

Flanger4Plus User InterfaceConfiguration and device status can be accessed via HTTP (Web interface) or Telnet, via a

PC connected to any port of the 2 devices.

Telnet login: admin Default Password: admin

MAC AddressesEach Flanger4Plus ships with two MAC addresses. One MAC address is for the Local

port, which is listed on the product label, and a second is for the WAN port. The WAN

MAC address is of the form 000C9E-07-xxxx, while the Local MAC address is 000C9E-06-xxxx, where the xxxx is the same for both the WAN and LAN ports.

IP DefaultsFlanger4Plus units are shipped in pairs and although they may sometimes have sequential

serial numbers, there is no requirement they do. The table below lists the default factory

configuration for IP.

Unit with lower serial # Unit with higher serial #

Local WAN Local WAN

IP 192.168.1.1 169.254.1.50 192.168.2.1 169.254.1.60

Subnet 255.255.255.0 255.255.255.0 255.255.255.0 255.255.255.0

Gateway 0.0.0.0 169.254.1.50 0.0.0.0 169.254.1.60

Remote IP 169.254.1.60 169.254.1.50

Speed/Duplex 100 MB / Auto 100 MB / Auto

DS1 Timing ControlThe Flanger4Plus supports five DS1 clock modes on a per-channel basis.

Mode 0 Derive clock from this DS1 line

Mode 1 Flanger4Plus generates clock internallyMode 2 Derive clock from local DS1 line #1

Mode 3 Derive clock from remote DS1 line #1

Mode 4 Derive clock from remote this DS1 line

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ProfilesThe TDM CONFIGURATION area includes programmable profiles that set the

operational parameters for the Flanger4Plus. These parameters are used to achieve optimal

performance for the link used. The Flanger4Plus ships with a pre-loaded profile for

Ethernet networks. Additional custom profiles may be created by the user. .

DS1 DefaultsUnit with lower serial # Unit with higher serial #

Bit Clock

Source

Mode 2 DS1 Line Mode 3 Remote Global Sync

EncodingMethod

B8ZS/HDB3

Transmit

Template

As ordered: E1 Short Haul

Profile ETHERNET-100

Max Rate = 100 MB Wayside Timeout = 5 secs FEC = No Payload Size = 1024 Jitter Window = 75 Max Step = 0.050 Loops = 240 Wayside TOS = 0 Channel 1 TOS = 16 Channel 2-4 TOS = 0

Safety Factor = 10% MTU = 800 Timing Pulse = No Jitter Buffer = 8192 Min Gain = 0.2000 Stability Factor = 100 Integrator = Yes Final Sample Size = 1 Flanger4Plus - Flanger4Plus

TOS = 0

Channel 1 Alt TOS = 0 Channel 2-4 Alt TOS = 16

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Features and Specifications

Communications PortsThree 10/100base T; meets IEEE 802.3

Four T1/E1: RJ-45; meets ANSI T1.403, ITU-T G.703; AT&T TR-62411

Visual Status Indicators (LED)

Front Panel: STATUS (front panel for overall unit operating condition)

Back Panel: Local, LAN and WAN Ethernet Link Speed (10/100)

Local, LAN and WAN Connection / Link Activity

DS1 (1,2,3,4) Signal Present

DS1 (1,2,3,4) Activity

Physical5.5 in x 7 in x 2.3 in ; 14 cm x 18 cm x 5.9 cm

0.8 lb; 0.36 kg

Power Input

In-line brick power supply provides 56 VDC to unit; requires 100 to 260 VAC, 47 to 63

Hz, 24 Watts

Environmental

Operation: ETS 300 019 part 2-3 class 3.2E

Transportation: ETS 300 019-2-2 class 2.3

Storage: ETS 300 019-2-1 class 1.2E

EMC

FCC approval Title 47 Part 15, subpart B

ETSI EN 301 489-1 class B

Safety

CE approved

Contact your provider for the latest copies of documentation and utilities.

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Product SupportWe suggest you take the following steps in the order given to obtain the quickest and

highest quality support and service you need.

1. Contact the support staff of our Partner from whom you originally bought ourequipment for more information as well as any updates.

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3. Configuration Considerations

Your Flanger4Plus unit is pre-configured by the factory to default settings appropriate for

TI or E1 short haul applications across both wireless and wired networks.

For other applications, you can change the Flanger4Plus configuration by either changingboard switch settings or using the Flanger4Plus Utility.

Section Contents

Setting Destination Flanger4Plus Addresses

Standard Clock Configuration

Special Clock Configurations

Using Equalizer Control Settings

Optimizing Performance for Various Networks

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Network SettingsThe default IP settings for Flanger4Plus are listed in the Quick Start section earlier. If

your network design requires other addresses, they may be changed from the control web

page. The following section is an example of one such change.

Setting Flanger4Plus AddressesFlanger4Plus units are pre-configured as a pair at the factory and sold bundled together.

Flanger4Plus units are factory configured to pass any DS1 line data over a WAN Ethernet

link.

If you want to configure a different Flanger4Plus unit to replace an existing unit in your

network, you need to reconfigure both units WAN Destination IP Address.

Step 1: Configure computer network settings to allow communication with the Flanger4Plus

LAN port.Step 2: Connect a CAT-5 Ethernet cable from the Flanger4Plus units Local port to the

computers Ethernet port.

Step 3: Open the Flanger4Plus units webpage by typing the units Local port IP into a webbrowser.

Step 4: Mouse-over Configurations and select Ethernet.

Step 5: In the Destination IP Address field, type the paired units WAN IP.

Step 6: Left-click on Save Settings

Step 7: Repeat steps 1-6 for the paired unit.

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Selecting the DS1 Clock ModeThe clock used to send bits out the DS1 interface (from the Flanger4Plus to the connected

telecommunications equipment) comes from one of 5 choices:

Mode 0. The clock recovered from the local DS1 used in the packetizing sequence

is also used to transmit the bits that the Flanger4Plus receivers from the other endof the system (from its partner Flanger4Plus). In this way, the Flanger4Plus that is

located at the timing source point presents consistent information to the DS1

system.

Mode 1. The Flanger4Pluss internal clock is used as the reference.

Mode 2. The clock recovered from the local DS1 line #1 used in the packetizingsequence is also used to transmit the bits that the Flanger4Plus receives from theother end of the system (from its partner Flanger4Plus). In this way, the

Flanger4Plus that is located at the timing source point presents consistent

information to the DS1 system.

Mode 3. In this mode, the Flanger4Plus synchronizes its clock to the clock in useat the transmitting end from remote DS1 line #1, by using a sophisticated digital

filtering process and information gained from the level of the jitter buffer.

Mode 4. In Mode 4, the Flanger4Plus synchronizes its clock to the clock in use atthe transmitting end from the remote DS1 on a per channel basis, by using a

sophisticated digital filtering process and information gained from the level of the

jitter buffer.

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Clock Recovery

Mode 3In Mode 3, the Flanger4Plus incorporates a series of unique mechanisms. As each DS1

packet is received, the level of the jitter buffer instantaneously is recorded. This

measurement then is inspected and valued to lie within the expected or normal range forthe Ethernet path in use. If the value is outside the expected range (i.e. an outlier), it is

not used in the timing calculation. If the value is in the expected range, its value is added

to the averaging register.

When the register collects enough timing samples to satisfy the next-stage filter algorithm,

this sample estimator is passed to the oscillator adjustment routine.

This scheme delivers an estimate of the most probable buffer level. Because it is not an

average, the system is insensitive to packets that take much longer to arrive; thus, delays

from congestion or radio error do not cause significant variation in the recovered clock

rate.

All channels in Mode 3 derive their timing from the remote units first channel. In thismode, all channels are expected to operate from the same clock reference.

Mode 4

In Mode 4, the Flanger4Plus operates as in Mode 3, but each channel is independent of

each other allowing each channel to operate at independent clock rates.

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When to use Mode 2 to Mode 3 PairsUse a Flanger4Plus Mode 2 / Mode 3 pair when connecting network equipment that

provides its own stable timing source to remote equipment that recovers timing from the

received DS1 signal.

The Flanger4Plus Mode2 unit is connected to the network equipment and the Flanger4Plus

Mode 3 unit is connected to the remote equipment.

Note: This is the factory default configuration for a Flanger4Plus pair.

When to use Mode 2 Pairs

Use a Flanger4Plus Mode 3 pair configuration when connecting between network

equipment that is timed from a mutual source.

C

lock

C

lock

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When to use Mode 3 Pairs

Use a Flanger4Plus Mode 3/Mode 3 pair when connecting between network equipment

that has its own stable timing source.

Using Equalizer Control SettingsEqualization settings are used to match the DS1 analog front end to the length andcharacteristics of the cabling connected between the Flanger4Plus unit and other TDM

equipment.

Short haul settings are used in an intra-office installation. For short haul T1 installations,

the EQ settings are directly determined by the cabling distance between the Flanger4Plus

and other equipment. For short haul E1 installations, there is only one EQ setting choice.

Long haul settings are used in an interoffice installation. For long haul T1 applications, the

EQ settings are based on the amount of cable attenuation between the Flanger4Plus andother equipment. For long haul E1 installations, the 120 Twisted Pair setting should be

used.

Optimizing Reliability for Various Networks

Making a Packet

The LIU sends bits to the packetizing buffer, where these bits will remain until there are

enough bits to fill the configured DS1 packet size. When enough bits are collected, the

buffer prepares a packet header, buffer pointers, and line indicators. After this preparation,

the checksums are added, the packet is formed, and the packet is presented to the WAN.

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Pointer CalculationPointers are included in the header of each DS1 packet. They are created by the

transmitting side and read by the receiving. Pointers are models of the receiving ends

buffers that present directions to where transmitted packets should be received. In

Flanger4Plus, they are calculated in one of two ways, depending if Forward Error

Correction (FEC) is enabled.

If FEC is not enabled, each packet begins immediately following the previous packets last

received byte. If FEC is enabled, each packet begins at the midpoint of the previous packet.

In effect, two copies of each DS1 data bit are transmitted the packet is duplicated: half in

the preceding packet and half in the following packet.

Note that using FEC, in combination with the pointer passing mechanism, makes the DS1

system independent of packet order changes, lost packets, or extreme delay of any one

packet (in a sequence of 3). Thus, enabling FEC makes the system much less sensitive to

channel errors and widely varying channel delays, allowing for much smaller delays.

However, greater data throughput is also required.

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The Buffering MechanismThe Ethernet channel delivers DS1 data packets to the receiving Flanger4Plus. There, the

depacketizer verifies the packet header, reads the buffer pointer, and places the packet into

the jitter buffer beginning at the place specified in the pointer.

In addition to the packet header, buffer pointer, and jitter buffer, there are three additional

key registers in the receiver.

Jitter Buffer Size

Read Pointer Tells the DS1 output system where to get the next byte toconvert to DS1.

Level Counter Indicates how many data bytes have been received sincesystem reset. This counter is only valid during the startup sequence (i.e. from

reset to DS1 data flow out the Flanger4Plus).

On a more specific level, the start sequence is the following:

1. The user resets the receiver system.

2. The first packet is received from the Ethernet interface;

3. The first packets read pointer is set to its own pointer address. The packet isfrozen;

4. The bytes in the packet are put into the jitter buffer as defined by the pointer. Thelevel counter records the increments as the bytes are put into the buffer;

5. When the packets last byte in put into the buffer, the level counter is checked tosee if or more of the buffer size is used. If there is less than used, the receiverwill keep the read pointer frozen (from step 3) and return to step 4 for the next

packet.

6. When the level counter reads as or more full of the buffer size, the read

pointer is freed and the DS1 output is turned on.

Note that this process always results in an integer number of packets in thebuffer at the start of the DS1 output.

When FEC is enabled, the level counter increments once every received 2bytes.

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Optimizing Performance for Various NetworksDelay consists of 4 components.

1. Flanger4Plus Logic The delay due to the inherent processing delay inFlanger4Plus (i.e. how long the Flanger4Plus logic takes).

2. Packetizing Delay The time the Transmitting Flanger4Plus takes to assemble afull DS1 data packet.

3. Link Delay The time it takes to transmit the packet from the TransmittingFlanger4Plus to the remote Flanger4Plus via the WAN link.

4. Buffering Delay The time allowance for variations in the WAN link.

Flanger4Plus LogicThis delay is less than 10 microseconds, an insignificant delay when compared to other

wireless broadband system elements.

Packetizing DelayPacketizing Delay is computed as follows:

Packetizing Delay = Bytes per packet * 8 DS1 bits per second.

The following table shows some examples of packet delay by packet size.

Line Rate Packet Size Packetizing

Delay (ms.)

1,544,000 T1 1024 5.31

2,048,000 E1 1024 4.00

1,544,000 T1 724 3.75 Recommended

2,048,000 E1 960 3.75 Recommended

Link Delay

The link delay is dependent on the WANs wireless link. It has three components.

Ethernet wire (multiplied by two to account for both ends)

In the Air delay; i.e. propagation time

Wireless Protocol delay

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Delay VariationDelay Variation is the most complex item to evaluate in a TDMoIP network. In a wireless

network in particular, there is a substantial coupling between delay variation and link

reliability; the way the link responds to transmission impairments has a large effect on

delay, and characteristic of that effect depends on the error mitigation strategy

implemented on the link. There are basically 3 strategies in common use today, as follows:

1. Fragmentation and reassembly, with Automatic Repeat-reQuest (ARQ) coveringeach of the fragments. This may be implemented with or without Forward Error

Correcting (FEC) coding on the fragments.

2. Internal Repeat of the entire packet, again with or without FEC. In this case, thewireless equipment itself repeats the packet if it is not received correctly.

3. Reliance on the retry mechanism of TCP/IP, usually with FEC on the packet. In thiscase, the (on the order of seconds) retry mechanism of IP is relied upon to provide

any link reliability improvement over that of the raw radio channel, although the use

of FEC (as in WiFi and WiMax) can make that fairly good.

Link VerificationIn order to make the problem of evaluating any particular link more tractable, Flanger4Plus

includes a special tool for measuring the statistics of the link delay variation. During

normal operation, Flanger4Plus in Mode 3 or 4 takes a sample of the instantaneous link

delay every 100 ms, and compiles a histogram. This histogram is available at the console

port a TelNet connection to a PC, and is used by the Flanger4Plus itself in making clock

synchronization decisions. The data in the next section was taken with the aid of this tool.

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Example Link Delay MeasurementsFor the first example, a type a system will be examined. Below is a histogram of the

measured values on a particular 10Mbps radio link. Note that horizontal (x) axis is

normalized, where 0 represents the average delay of 3.75 ms. Notice the fairly slow

dropoff as times get longer at .001% probability, the normalized delay is about 3.5 ms.

This is a very good link.

0.0001

0.001

0.01

0.1

1

10

100

-2 -1 0 1 2 3 4

Normalized Delay, ms

Probability,

%

percent

cumulative

Delay Histogram for Radio Link A

In this case, an arriving fragment with errors at the receiver is retransmitted 1 or 2 frames

later. This affects (64 byte) fragments by delaying the entire Ethernet packet by the delay

of the frames (2.5 ms / frame). Very occasionally, the retransmission itself may be lost. In

this situation, another 2.5 or 5 ms may be added to the delay.

There also is a uniformly-distributed delay due to framing. The delay varies (with a

constant incremental probability) from 0.2 to 2.7 ms. This yields an average value of about

1.5 ms. It is these two values added together than make the average delay of 3.75 ms used

in the example above.

In the next example, the same radios are examined with a poor link. Again, a histogram is

created in similar fashion to the previous example. In this case, normalized delays extendout to 20 ms, raising suspicion that a significant number of packets were lost.

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0.00001

0.0001

0.001

0.01

0.1

1

10

100

-5 0 5 10 15 20 25

Normalized Delay, ms

Probability,

%

Cumulative

Delay Histogram for Radio Link B

How then, does this affect the DS1 link? Given that the average packet rate is about 200

packets per second (pps), the event rate is a rate of .001% (i.e. one packet per million,

about one packet exceeding this delay every 1 hours, or 17 errored seconds per day as

long as the delay causes only a packets worth of bit errors), which is 20 ms on this chart.

This is why the way Flanger4Plus uses pointers is so beneficial. The pointer to each pieceof data is embedded in the transmitted packet. Then, if a packet is not received in time, the

receiver will keep sending. It will of course send errors bits for as long as the proper packet

doesnt arrive; however, it will not lose clock information. As soon as the new packet

arrives, the proper information will be extracted and sent.

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Overall Link Delay BudgetThe figure below shows typical numbers for the Radio backhaul link in our example.

T1 E1

AvgPackets Bytes ms

AvgPackets Bytes ms

Processing Delay 0.01 0.01

Packetizing Delay 730 3.78 960 3.75

Ethernet Delay 730 0.64 960 0.82

Delay 3.75 3.75

Propagation Time 0.10 0.10

Ethernet Delay 730 0.64 960 0.82

Jitter Buffer 4 5110 15.13 3 4800 11.35

Processing Delay 0.01 0.01

Net Delay 24.06 20.61

Overall Delay for Example Radio Backhaul Link

Bandwidth Considerations

Flanger4Pluss Unique FECIf FEC is activated, each bit is sent in two different packets. The probability of two

packets in sequence being delayed or lost is much lower than in the normal case.

Note: If you are using FEC you should be sure to set the Payload Size specified in your

profile to 720 bytes or less.

Profile ConsiderationsThe purpose of profiles is to provide a means for Flanger4Plus to know how to best utilize

the WAN connection. Profiles optimize DS1 bi-directional data transfer performance for

the connected WAN. They also set Flanger4Plus system-wide operating parameters,

influencing the DS1 accuracy tolerance and available network bandwidth that Flanger4Plus

will utilize.

With the vast market of T1 / E1 radios available, there is a large variation as to how each

radio performs best. Flanger4Plus solves this problem through the use of profiles.

Correct and effective profile use allows for matching the behavior of the radio to that of

Flanger4Plus.

For your convenience, the Flanger4Plus has been tested and have some factory-defined

profiles. These profiles can be identified by their names, which describe the Make,

Bandwidth, and Operating Path. These profiles can be found in the DS1 Configuration web

page. For information on how to use the web pages, refer to Using the Profiles page

located in this document.

If you are using a radio different than any described in Flanger4Pluss factory-defined

profiles, you will need to determine the radios optimal settings on your own. It is a time-consuming process, yet it is vital that you properly test operability at different profile

values to determine the best profile for your radios. Radios are sensitive to slight variances

in how they receive and transmit data. The slightest difference between radios and

Flanger4Plus operation can build over time to produce an unreliable network.

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When experimenting with different profiles, keep the following considerations in mind:

1. Name Name your profiles so that you can easily distinguish how one profilediffers from others... Profile names can use any ASCII character except space.

2. Maximum WAN Rate This number is the bandwidth capability of your radio, orit is the amount of bandwidth you want to make available to the Flanger4Plus.

3. FEC (Forward Error Correction) FEC is a highly reliable method of transferringDS1 streams because it compensates for transfer errors. FEC doubles the

bandwidth requirements on the network, so only use FEC if the WAN can support

it.

4. Safety Percentage No network actually operates at the bandwidth it theoreticallycan handle. The safety percentage allows you to compensate for this by

discounting a percentage of the Maximum WAN Rate from the amount of

bandwidth available for Wayside Data.

5. Wayside Timeout This number is the maximum time in seconds that a waysidepacket will remain queued for the WAN. When a queue times out (expires), the

packet will be dropped (i.e. it will not be sent).

6. Payload Size Defines the size in bytes of packets that will be sent through theWAN.

7. Jitter Buffer Size Defines the size in bytes of the buffer used to store T1/E1 datareceived from the WAN. As jitter buffer size increases, the latency increases, and

the tolerance to jitter increases.

8. Jitter Window Size Used by the clock recovery algorithm in the unit.

9. Queue Timeout Determines the amount of time in seconds before the equipmentdrops or discards a queued packet and reports it as an error.

10.Maximum Transmission Unit (MTU) Sets the largest packet size the equipment

will introduce to the network. Ideal MTU is the smallest packet size the networkequipment will send reliably.

11.Minimum Clock Recovery Gain Used by the clock recovery algorithm of theunit.

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4. Configuring Flanger4Plus

Although your Flanger4Plus unit is pre-configured to defaults appropriate for most

applications, for special circumstances, your Flanger4Plus unit can be configured to set the

following values:

Destination IP Address

Clock Mode

Optimization Settings

Equalizer Control Settings

Section Contents

Accessing the Flanger4Plus Unit

Viewing Unit Information

Changing Configuration

Managing Profiles

System Reset

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Accessing the Flanger4Plus UnitIn order to configure a Flanger4Plus unit, use your favorite Web browser program to

access the Flanger4Pluss web site by typing the IP address of either the Flanger4Plus

Local or WAN Ethernet port to that your computers Ethernet port is connected.

The Flanger4Plus front page is the System Status page that is illustrated below. TheSystem Status page provides an indication about the current operational status of the

Flanger4Plus.

System Status

Flanger 4 Plus

(local)

Displays the current front panel status LED state for the

connected Flanger 4 Plus.

Flanger 4 Plus

(remote)

Displays the current front panel status LED state for the

connected remote Flanger 4 Plus.

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WAN Displays the WAN port link information.

LAN Displays the LAN port link information.

Local Port

Wayside

Throughput

Displays the Management port link information.

Displays the calculated wayside data capacity.

TDM Channels Displays LOS and activity information for each of the DS1 ports

of the unit. When each channel attains clock synchronization,

the internal color of the connector changes from gray to green.

By default the System Status page is configured to automatically refresh so that accurate

information is always displayed. The refresh timer is shown in the upper right corner of

the status frame.

The following fields are display only and contain Flanger4Plus unit information. Each field

and its use is described below.Build Display-only field containing the release build revision number.

SoftwareVersion

Display-only field containing the Software revision number.

ShapewareVersion

Display-only field containing the FPGA revision number.

CPLD Version Display-only field containing the CPLD revision number.

HardwareRevision

Display-only field containing the printed circuit board revision number.

Serial Number This is the MAC address of the Local port on the Flanger4Plus.

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Login to the Web Server

The User name is admin the default password is admin.

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System Upgrade

To enable additional ports and features of the Flanger 4 Plus units, the upgrade key

provided by your reseller must be input in the dialog box.

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Changing Configuration

Using the DS1 Configuration page

Global Settings

The Global Configuration settings apply to how the Flanger4Plus unit operates.Line Type This field selects the DS1 line type (T1 or E1).

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Individual Channel Settings

Individual Channel Configuration settings apply to each Flanger4Plus DS1 channel

operates. Refer to the Changing Equalizer Control Setting section for information on

changing the values of these fields.

Channel The channel number (14). This is a display-only field.

Enabled Selects whether the channel is enabled.

Clock Source

Mode

Selects the bit clock source being used for the channel.

Encoding

Method

Selects the DS1 encoding method being used for the channel.

Transmit

Template

Selects the DS1 Transmit Template being used for the channel.

See table below for possible selections.

Function Pulse Cable Gain

T1 Short Haul 0-133 ft. 0.6 dB 100 TP 12 dB (default)

T1 Short Haul 133-266 ft. 1.2 dB 100 TP 12 dB




T1 Long Haul 0.0 d 100 TP 36 dB

T1 Long Haul -7.5 dB 100 TP 36 dB

T1 Long Haul -15 dB 100 TP 36 dB

T1 Long Haul

-22.5 dB 100 TP 36 dBT1 Long Haul 0.0 dB 100 TP 26 dB


T1 Long Haul -16 dB 100 TP 26 dB


E1 Short Haul ITU G.703 120 TP and 75 CX 12 dB (default)

E1 Long Haul ITU G.703 120 TP 43 dB

E1 Long Haul ITU G.703 120 TP and 75 CX 43 dB

Flanger4Plus Equalizer Control Settings

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DS1 Remote Target

The IP information for the remote Flanger4Plus target is entered on this webpage. This is the target for the T1/E1 data as transmitted by the Flanger4Plus.By default this is set to the partner unit.

DS1 Remote Target (Multipoint)

The IP information for the remote Flanger 4 Plus targets are entered on this webpage. This is the target for the T1/E1 data as transmitted by the Flanger 4 Plus.By default this is set to the partner unit. The remote target channel can also beprogrammed here.

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DS1 FEC

If so equipped, the Forward-Error-Correction feature of the Flanger 4 Plus can beenabled and disabled through this web page. Additionally the FEC data streamcan use a different profile.

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DS1 Diagnostics

Each individual DS1 Channel of the Flanger 4 Plus can be programmed togenerate PRBS or QRSS patterns and to have a loopback feature enabled.These features are meant for diagnostic purposes and can be monitored through

this web page. Rebooting the unit will clear all of the enabled diagnosticfeatures.

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Using the Ethernet Configuration page

WAN

Management

Data MTU

Selects the maximum data packet size for the data passed between two

Flanger4Plus units.

IP Address Sets the WAN port address of the Flanger4Plus.

Netmask Selects the WAN ports IP Netmask.

Gateway Selects the WAN ports IP Gateway.

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Using the Radio Configuration page

Max Rate Selects the Maximum Rate supported by the WAN link.

Safety Factor Percentage of the Max Rate number that is reserved for WAN link

variation

IP Address Selects the WAN port target IP range

Speed Duplex Selects the LAN ports Speed / Duplex options.

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Using the TOS Configuration page

This web page is used to set the IP TOS priority for the Flanger4Plus management data, wayside

data, and each TDM channel.

Management Data

TOS

This field specifies the IP header TOS value to use for

Flanger4Plus -to- Flanger4Plus management data across the

WAN.

Wayside Data TOS This field specifies the IP header TOS value to use for all

wayside data across the WAN.Channel 1 TOS This field specifies the IP header TOS value to use for all

standard Channel 1 DS1 traffic.

Channel 1 Alt TOS This field specifies the IP header TOS value to use for all

alternate Channel 1 DS1 traffic. Note, alternate traffic is

only used when FEC is enabled.

Channel 2-4 TOS This field specifies the IP header TOS value to use for all

standard Channel 2, 3 and 4 DS1 traffic.

Channel 2-4 Alt TOS This field specifies the IP header TOS value to use for all

alternate Channel 2, 3 and 4 DS1 traffic. Note, alternate

traffic is only used when FEC is enabled.

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Using the Profile Configuration page

This web page is used to create the profile that is applied to the TDM data stream.

Profile Name This field designates a profile by its name.

Payload Size This field specifies the number of octets to send as DS1 data

payload within an Ethernet packet.

Jitter Buffer Size This field specifies the size of the receive buffer. Refer to the

Optimizing Performance For Various Network section for

detailed information.

Jitter Window Size This setting is used by the Flanger4Plus clock recovery

software. Unless a custom profile has been developed for

you, it is recommended that this be left at its default value.

Minimum Gain This setting is used by the Flanger4Plus clock recoverysoftware. Unless a custom profile has been developed for


Max Step This setting is used by the Flanger4Plus clock recovery



Stability Factor This setting is used by the Flanger4Plus clock recovery

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Loops per Gain

Cycle

This setting is used by the Flanger4Plus clock recovery



Use Integrator This setting is used by the Flanger4Plus clock recoverysoftware. Unless a custom profile has been developed for


Final Sample Size This setting is used by the Flanger4Plus clock recovery



Filter Length This setting is used by the Flanger4Plus clock recovery



Filter Width This setting is used by the Flanger4Plus clock recovery



Managing ProfilesA profile is a named combination of Packet Size and Buffer Depth values. Profiles are

provided for different tested network equipment. Users may also define their own profiles.

It is recommended that a profile be created for any optimized settings used in a production

environment.

Choosing the Custom profile selection allows the user to set the Packet Size and Buffer

Depth values directly. This is used primarily to test custom settings before adding a new

profile.

Copying a Profile

Select the profile to copy from the pull-down list.

Change the Profile Name to save as the copy.

Select Save Changes and the new profile will be added to your Flanger4Plus.

Creating a Profile

Select < New Profile > from the pull-down list.

Enter at least a new Profile Name. All other parameters are defaulted for you.

Change any other profile variables you want. SelectAdd Profile and the new profile will be added to your Flanger4Plus.

Deleting a Profile

Select the profile to delete from the pull-down list.

SelectDelete Profile and this profile will be removed from your Flanger4Plus.

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Using the SNMP Configuration page

Get Community This is the name of the community that is allowed to perform get

commands from the unit

Set Community This is the name of the community that is allowed to perform set

commands from the unit

System Contact This is the name of who should be contacted about the unit

System Name This is the name of the unit as seen by the Network Management

System

System Location This sis a text field that can be used to describe the location ofthe equipment to the Network Management System

Trap Target # Up to 5 traps can be targeted to different NMS addresses.

Trap Enabled Individual traps can be enabled or disabled.

Trap IP Address This is the target IP address that an individual trap message is

sent to.

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Trap Community This can set whether the community that the unit is connected to

is read-only or read-write.

Using SNMPSimple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) is used by network management systems to

monitor equipment for conditions that warrant administrative attention. SNMP consists of a setof standards for network management, including an Application Layer protocol, a database

schema, and a set of data objects. SNMP exposes management data in the form of variables on

the managed systems, which describe the system configuration/status. These variables can then

be queried by a network management system.

The Flanger4Plus supports SNMP v1.0 and V2.C get and trap functionality only.

SNMP traps enable the SNMP agent firmware running in a Flanger4Plus to alert an SNMP

management station of pre-selected events by way of an unsolicited (asynchronous) SNMP

message. Selection of these trap events is accomplished via the SNMP Configuration page of the

units web interface. The Flanger4Plus supports five different SNMP traps which can send trap

alerts to up to five different IP addresses.

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Using the Error Reporting Configuration page

This web page is used to configure the manner and types of errors reported.

Track Out-of-

Order Packets

When enabled the Flanger4Plus will track incoming Out-of-

Order packets meant for the TDM processing engine. This

can be helpful when determining the quality of the link

between two Flanger4Plus units.

Use Remote

Flanger4Plus

Status

When enabled, two Flanger4Plus units will communicate with

each other for status reporting.

Report Automatic

Refresh Rate

This time is used to determine the rate at which reports are

automatically refreshed when a report web page is accessed.

Report Automatic

Regeneration

This setting determines the number of times that a report web

page will automatically refresh once it is accessed.

Channel Reporting

SES Limit

This setting is used to determine the number of calculated

Seriously Errored Seconds that will be allowed prior to

declaring a degraded operating condition.

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Updating your Flanger4Plus

To update your Flanger4Plus units, follow the procedure that accompanies the upgrade files.

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Understanding Flanger4Plus Reports

Description of Interface ReportsThe Interface Reports show status and statistical data for the DS1, WAN, and LAN. They

help define the exact status of the system at any given moment. The reports are

automatically updated 10 times every 10 seconds. The interface statistics can be reset tozero by pressing the corresponding interface RESET button.

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Understanding DS1 Reports

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Interface Status

Operation

Defines if the WAN / LAN interface is working. Values

are either up or down.

Clock Signals

Defines if the 46Mhz & 61Mhz clocks are working.

Values are either Detected or Loss for X Sec, where x

represents the number of seconds down.

Interrupts

Receive

Total number of packets completely received from the

Ethernet port.

Transmit

Total number of packets completely sent out of the

Ethernet port.

Received Packets from DS1

Good Packets Total number of packets the unit collected successful.

Dropped Packets Total number of packets the unit collected and discarded.

Packets with errors Total number of faulty packets the unit collected.

Missed Packets Total number of packets the unit failed to collect.

Missed Bytes Total number of bytes the unit failed to collect.

Transmitted Packets from DS1

Packets Total number of packets the unit sent.

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Channel Status

Channel Defines the channel the values to the right are describing.

Signal Present

Defines if the line is active. Values are either Yes or

No.

Equalizer in Range Reports the equalizer status of each T1/E1 line.

Timeclock Which source of clock is used by the Line Interface Unit.

Line Driver Reports the transmitter status of each T1/E1 line.

AIS Alarm Reports the reception of AIS alarms.

Error Count

The number of errors reported from the Line Interface

Unit, per T1/E1 channel

Jitter Underflow

DS1 packet errors from either the jitter buffer or FIFO that

result from queues released too early.

FIFO Underflow

Jitter Overflow

DS1 packet errors from either the jitter buffer or FIFO thatresult from queues released too late.

FIFO Overflow

A queue that sends the packets it in the order it was

queued.

Estimated EFS

The estimated Error-Free-Seconds of up-time on each

T1/E1 channel.

Estimated ES The estimated Errored-Seconds on each T1/E1 channel

Estimated %ES

The estimated percentage of Errored-Seconds to Error-

Free-Seconds

Clock Var The calculated clock variation on a per channel basis.

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Understanding WAN Reports

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Interface Status

OperationDefines if the WAN / LAN interface is working. Values are

either up or down.

Ethernet Interface

Status

Defines if the Master and Slave are communicating. Values

are either Established, Auto-Negotiated or Not

Established.

Speed / Duplex

Defines at what speed and duplex the WAN is

communicating. Duplex values are half or full. If the

speed / duplex is determined automatically, Auto-negotiated

will print on the top of the screen.

Interrupts

Receive Total number of packets received from the Ethernet port.

Transmit Total number of packets sent out of the Ethernet port.

Transmit Queuing

Current in queue

Total number of packets sent out of the Ethernet port and into

the FIFO. This number is a snapshot of the moment the report

was taken.

Maximum reachedDisplays the largest historical value the queue ever was since

last reboot.

Dropped due to

timeout (WAN only)

Total number of packets dropped because they exceeded the

configured time in the queue.

Packets

Received Total number of packets the unit received.

Received and

DroppedTotal number of packets the unit received and discarded.

Received with

ErrorsTotal number of faulty packets the unit received.

Received Unknown

Type

Total number of packets the unit received that could not be

identified.

Transmitted Total number of packets the unit sent.

Transmitted and

Dropped

Total number of packets queued to be sent and later discarded

for reasons other than errors.Transmitted with

ErrorsTotal number of packets sent that failed in their transmission.

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Description of IP ReportsIP reports show statistical data for each of the IP based protocols used by Flanger4Plus.

Reports are automatically updated 10 times every 10 seconds.

Understanding IP Reports

IP MIB Settings

Gateway Records if IP data is enabled to travel across the network.

Default TTL Records the maximum time a packet can stay on the network.

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Receive

Total Total number of IP packets the Flanger4Plus unit has received.

Header Errors

Total number of IP packets received with errors in the beginning

part of the IP packets frame.

Address ErrorsTotal number of IP packets received wrongfully due to wrongaddress.

Unknown

Protocols

Total number of IP packets received whose data format is not

recognizable.

Delivered Information only. No Company Support.

Send

TotalTotal number of IP packets that connected Flanger4Plus unit has

sent.

Discarded Total number of IP packets dropped for any reason.

No RoutesTotal number of IP packets discarded because Flanger4Plus did

not know how to deliver the IP datagram.

Routing

ForwardedTotal number of IP packets continued through the router toward

the destination address in the network.

DiscardedTotal number of IP packets dropped in the router instead of

forwarding toward the destination address.

Segmentation and Reassembly

Received

Fragments

Total number of times IP packets that are sent in parts are

received.

Reassembled

Complete

Total number of times IP packet fragments are received and

pieced together to form a complete packet successfully.

Fragmented

CompleteTotal number of times IP packets are divided into parts.

Fragments SentTotal number of times an IP packet fragment is sent into the

network.

Fragments

Dropped

Total number of IP packet fragments that are not sent into the

network.

Reassemble

Failures

Total number of times IP packet fragments are received and

pieced together to form a complete packet without success.

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Understanding ICMP Reports

Messages Total number of any ICMP messages (including errors).

Errors Total number of ICMP packets received in error.

Destination

Unreachable

Total number of sent ICMP packets not received because the

destination address cannot be found, is full, or is busy.

Time ExceededTotal number of ICMP packet that exceeded the allowed

duration to stay in the network without delivery.

Parameter ProblemTotal number of ICMP messages that indicate a lost datagram

due to incorrect packet parameters.

Source Quench

Total number of ICMP messages that indicate a discarded

datagram due to insufficient buffer space for queuing, receiving

a datagram too fast to be processed, or a host or gateway

approaching capacity.

Redirected

Total number of ICMP messages that indicate a shorter pathway

is available for datagrams whose source routes and gateways are

not defined in the destination address.

Echo (ping) Total number of ICMP request messages that must be returned.

Echo Replies Total number of ICMP responses to an echo.

Time StampsTotal number of ICMP messages that indicate when data was

last handled upon receipt.

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Time Stamp

Replied

Total number of ICMP messages that indicate when data was

last handled before transmission.

Address Masks

Total number of ICMP messages requesting IP information via

differentiating the subnet part of the IP address from the other

parts.

Address MaskReplies

Total number of ICMP messages responding to an address maskrequest.

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Understanding ARP Table Reports

Requests Total number of times Flanger4Plus processed an ARP requestmessage.

RepliesTotal number of times Flanger4Plus processed an ARP reply

message.

Request RetriesTotal number of times an ARP request times out because no reply

was received. A request times out after 3 seconds without a reply.

Request FailedTotal number of times an ARP request fails to receive a reply after

three attempts.

Cache HitsTotal number of times an ARP reply was generated from the ARP

table entry that is cached.

Cache MissesTotal number of times an ARP reply was generated from the ARPtable entry that is not cached.

Table HitsTotal number of times an ARP request is satisfied by an entry in the

ARP table.

Table FullTotal number of times the table has filled with information. No

additional entries can be saved while the table is full.

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Table TimeoutsTotal number of ARP table entries that exceeded their time limit in

the table. Entries timeout after 15 minutes of no usage.

Packets

Dropped

Total number of ARP requests that do not generate a reply. This

statistics is all-inclusive for any message processing errors.

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ARP Table

[c]

On the bottom of the ARP Statistics Page lies an ARP table

describing all requests and where the response information is stored.

Only unique entries are recorded. If a c precedes any of the

listings on the table, it is stored in the cache. If a c is missing, the

listing is stored in the table.

IP Address Displays the IP address for which an ARP request was made.

MAC AddressDisplays the MAC address in any given ARP request as

synonymous to a given IP address.

InterfaceDisplays the Interface designation that describes an IP or MAC

address during an ARP request.

PendingDisplays the number of ARP requests referring to the table or cache

without known success or failure.

Age (sec)Displays the amount of time an ARP reply has been stored in the

table or cache.Updated

(sec ago)Displays the last time the ARP table values were updated.

SummaryTotal number of ARP packets in the ARP table and the total number

of pending ARP packets.

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Description of TCP/UDP Reports

Understanding UDP Reports

Datagrams In Total number of UDP datagrams delivered to UDP users.

No PortTotal number of received UDP datagrams for which there was no

application at the destination port.

Datagram Errors

Total number of received UDP datagrams that could not be

delivered for reasons other than the lack of an application at the

destination port.

Datagrams Out Total number of UDP datagrams sent from the connected unit.

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Understanding TCP Connection Reports

ConnectionsInitiated Total number of TCP links started.

Accepted Total number of TCP links known as valid.

EstablishedTotal number of TCP connection for which the current state is

either Established or Close- Wait.

Delayed Acks SentTotal number of TCP Acknowledgement messages sent later

than expected.

Dropped Total number of TCP initiations that failed.

Dropped EmbryonicTotal number of failed TCP connections before connection

timeout.

Closed (inc. drops)Total number of TCP connections stopped for those that

succeeded and failed in transporting a packet.

Round Trip Time

Attempts to measure

Total number of times the unit tried to record the roundtrip time

(i.e. Transmitter to Radio Master to Radio Slave to Receiver to

Radio Slave to Radio Master to Transmitter).

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Successful AttemptsCounts the number of times a round-trip time recording was

made successfully.

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Timeout

Dropped RetransmitTotal number of times a previously dropped TCP connection is

attempted again.

RetransmitTotal number of times a failed TCP connection is attempted

again.Persistent Information only. No Company Support.

Keepalive Information only. No Company Support.

Keepalive Probes Sent Information only. No Company Support.

Keepalive Dropped Information only. No Company Support.

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Understanding TCP Receive Reports

Received

Total Packets Total number of TCP packets collected.

Packets in SequenceTotal number of packets received in the order that the TCP

sent them.

Bytes in SequenceTotal number of bytes received in the order that the TCP

sent them.

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Understanding TCP Transmit Reports

Transmitted

Total Packets Total number of TCP packets sent.

Data Packets Total number of TCP Data packets sent.

Data Bytes Total number of TCP Data Bytes sent.

Ack-only Packets

Total number of TCP packets sent that verified the TCP

connection.

Window Probes

Total number of TCP packets sent to determine how many

more packets could be sent to the Receiver without

overload.

Window Update-only Information only. No Company Support.

(SYNC|FIN|RST) Packets Information only. No Company Support.

URG only Packets Total number of TCP packets to be received with urgency.

Retransmitted

Data Packets Total number of times any data packet is sent more thanonce.

Data BytesTotal number of times any data bytes are sent more than

once.

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Description of System ReportsSystem Reports provide statistical data at the Flanger4Plus system level and overall system

health (status and problems). Reports are automatically updated 10 times every 10 seconds.

Understanding Packet Queue Reports

Packet Queues

Queue Walk TestInformation about the system walking through each

event in the Packet Queue.

TotalTotal number of Queues that can ever be handled by the

system.

AvailableThe number of Queues that are available at the time if

the report.

Low Water Mark The lowest number of Queues that have been available

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to the system.

Times Empty The times that the Queues have been empty.

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Reassembly Buffers

TotalThe number of buffers reserved by the system for

reassembly of packets.

TimeoutThe amount of time that the system allows for a packet

to be held awaiting reassembly before it is discarded

Currently Used The number of reassembly buffers presently in use.

Maximum UsedThe largest number of reassembly buffers as seen by the

system.

Stack Queue

Queue Walk TestThe results of the system being able to service every

Queue meant for the system.

Currently QueuedThe number of queues currently used and awaiting the

system.

Maximum QueuedThe maximum number of queues used and awaiting the

system.

WAN Packets

Pending Receive The number of WAN packets pending receipt.

Pending Transmit The number of WAN packets pending transmit.

Queue Walk TestThe results of the system being able to service the

entirety of the WAN queue.

Wayside Queued The number of Wayside packets queued by the system.

Wayside Max QueuedThe maximum number of Wayside packets queued by

the system

LAN Packets

Pending Receive The number of LAN packets pending receipt.

Pending Transmit The number of LAN packets pending transmit.

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Understanding Problems ReportsThis report lists only conditions that are problems similar to the problems report. An

example is show below.

Problem Report

StatusAn overall system status report. Used as a

troubleshooting aid.

DS1 Interface The status of the T1/E1 interface.

WAN Interface The status of the WAN interface.

Remote UnitWhether or not the remote unit can be communicated

with.

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Understanding SNMP Reports

This report lists the SNMP statistics as defined in RFC 1213.

snmpInPktsThe total number of messages delivered to SNMP

from the transport service.

snmpOutPktsThe total number of SNMP messages which were

passed from SNMP o the transport service.

snmpInBadVersions

The total number of SNMP messages which were

delivered to the SNMP and were for an

unsupported SNMP version.

snmpInBadCommunityNames

The total number of SNMP messages delivered to

SNMP which used an unknown SNMP

community name.

snmpInBadCommunityUses

The total number of SNMP messages delivered to

SNMP which represented an SNMP operation

which was not allowed by the SNMP community

named in the message.

snmpInASNParseErrs

The total number of ASN.1 or BER errors

encountered by SNMP when decoding received

SNMP Messages.

snmpInTooBigs

The total number of SNMP PDUs which were

delivered to SNMP and the value of the error-

status field is toobig.

snmpInNoSuchNames

The total number of SNMP PDUs which were

delivered to SNMP and the value of the error-

status field is noSuchName.

snmpInBadValues

The total number of SNMP PDUs which weredelivered to SNMP and the value of the error-

status field is badValue.

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snmpInReadOnlys

The total number of valid SNMP PDUs which were

delivered to the SNMP protocol entity and for which the

value of the error-status field is readonly. It should be

noted that it is a protocol error to generate an SNMP

PDU which contains the value readonly in the error-

status field, as such this object is provided as a means of

detecting incorrect implementations of SNMP.

snmpInGenErrs

The total number of SNMP PDUs delivered to SNMP

and for which the value of the error-status field is

genErr.

snmpInTotalReqVars

The total number of MIB Objects which have been

retrieved successfully by the SNMP protocol entity as

the result of receiving valid SNMP Get-Request and

Get-Next PDUs.

snmpInTotalSetVars

The total number of MIB objects which have been

altered successfully by the SNMP protocol entity as a

result of receiving valid SNMP Set-Request PDUs.

snmpInGetRequestsThe total number of SNMP Get-Next PDUs which have

been accepted and processed by SNMP.

snmpInGetResponsesThe total number of SNMP Get-Response PDUs which

have been accepted and processed by the SNMP.

snmpInTrapsThe total number of SNMP Trap PDUs which have been

accepted and processed by the SNMP protocol entity.

snmpOutTooBigsThe total number of SNMP generated PDUs for which

the value of the error-status field is tooBig.

snmpOutNoSuchNamesThe total number of SNMP generated PDUs for which

the value of the error-status field is noSuchName.

snmpOutBadValuesThe total number of SNMP generated PDUs for which

the value of the error-status field is badValue.

snmpOutGenErrsThe total number of SNMP generated PDUs for which

the value of the error-status field is genErr.

snmpOutGetRequestsThe total number of SNMP generated Get-Request

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