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Transcript of Fixed Lines
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FIXED LINES
PREPARED BY :
NURUL FALDLZYANA LAILY BINTI NOR SANY
HASNIDA BINTI HANAPI
NUR ADIBAH AMNI BINTI ABDUL HADI
NINA AQILAH BINTI MOHD HISHAM
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Also known as Telephone lines
Telephone is telecommunication devices that transmits and receive sound,
most commonly the human voice which allow two people separated by
large distance to talk to each other.
Conducted by Telekom Malaysia (TM) which also provides cabled
infrastructure consists of:
i) Telephone lines
ii) Main Exchanger
iii) Distribution frames and telephone cabinetsiii) Distribution point
Basic requirements for a one-way line telecommunication channel.
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Buildings are put into 3 categories by based on the below
condition :
a) The number of phone needed in the area, building, or residential area.b) The size of incoming underground cable into the building: the number of
pair needed.
c) Total floor area of the building or residential area.
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Category 1 Buildings
(> 5 storey/ high rise building)
This type is suit for high rise building which morethan 5 storey. A jointing chamber will be buildafter the telephone cables is bury enters the
buildings.
This jointing chamber can either be a manhole(for a cable with more than 400 lines) or joint box
(for cable with less than 400 lines) and is used tohelp in the linking of the cable from the buildingto the TM underground cable.
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CATEGORY 1 & CATEGORY 2
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Category 2 ( 2>5 storey )
&
Category 3 buildings ( Residential, Bungalow &Terrace house)
Underground cables
The main telephone cables are laid in conduits with
surface joint boxes. In minor roads, the cables are usually buried directly in
the ground under the footpath or under the road.
The necessary cross-connection between underground
cables are provided at cabinets above ground. The cable for the house is brought inside, as close as
possible to the position of the telephone at ground-floor level
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Overhead Cables
Cheaper and smaller than an underground cables
Its involve a cable along one side of the road only to
another both side of the road
More convenient to provides additional lines to
existing premises Easy to maintenance
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DOMESTIC BUILDING
1.MAIN EXCHANGES
From main exchanges, it will be distributed to the cabinet.
In exchanger , there is a large main distribution Frame (MDF)
Main cable will be installed underground through manholes that arranged
with a maximum distance of 180m from each other direct to the cabinet.
Function of Main exchange :
A) As a connector for service network
B) Supplies power to telephone ,
C) As a connection network bettween
D) local users and international usersE) or in different areas/ branch coide
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2. MAIN DISTRIBUTION FRAME
a main distribution frame (MDF) is a distribution frame on one
part of which the external trunk cables entering a facilityterminate, and on another part of which the internal user
subscriber lines and trunk cabling to any intermediate
distribution frames terminate.
The MDF is used to cross-connect any
outside line with any desired terminal of
the multiple cabling or any other outside l
line
Location Requirements for placingthe MDF is, the room shall be situated
at the street or first floor level.
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3. TESTING POINT
A test to make sure the cabled is well functioning
The connection between MDF and main exchanger will be testby Tm manpower.
Test Center (Test Point) is the test where it made using a
meter.
If the connection is good functioning, it will proceed to thesubscriber distribution point.
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4. SDF ( SUBCRIBER DISTRIBUTION POINT)
Then, the cabinet will be connected to a distribution (SDF)through poles by using a cable distribution (SA).
The maximum distance between poles is 35m.
Usually 1 pole 5 houses.
Before the installation apply to houses, the authorities (TM)must make sure whether the installation is well installed.
After that, the extension of SDF is directly connect to the
residential building if the connection is kept short. If too long,
it would require poles for support the cables. The room have to be operates 24/7 unless maintenance
session.
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THE INSTALLATION OF TELEPHONE IN DOMESTIC
BUILDING
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UNDERGROUNDCABLES
OVERHEAD
CABLES
