Five Quick Questions:
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Transcript of Five Quick Questions:
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Five Quick Questions:1) What is Homeostasis?2) What two stages does Homeostatic
mechanisms consist of?3) What is the role of the negative
Feedback System?4) Outline the stages of the Negative
Feedback System5) What is a positive Feedback System?
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Answers1) Homeostasis is the maintenance of a
constant internal environment2) Detection of changes by receptor and
Counteraction of changes by effector3) The responsive reaction to reduce and
counteract stimulus4) Input Receptor Control Centre Effector
Response (Output)5) A positive feedback system is where the
response to a stimulus is to amplify the change instead of reducing it
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Maintaining A Balance – Response to Temperature
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Temperatures Across The Globe
- Many climate zones (Tropical-Deserts)- Earth temperatures vary from -75 – 50
degrees- Most animals and plants cannot tolerate
extreme temperatures- Behavioral structural and physiological
adaptations allow them to maintain temperature within narrow range
- E.g. Mammals (0-45 degrees)- E.g. Iguana (24-31 degrees)
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Ectotherms and EndothermsEctotherm: Endotherm:
-Same body temperature as ambient temperature
-Limited ability to maintain temperature
-Use behavioral adaptations to maintain temperature
-’Cold-Blooded’
E.g. plants, reptiles, amphibians
-Have physiological structures that maintain body in narrow range irrespective of the ambient temperature
-Use heat produced in metabolism
-’Warm-Blooded’-E.g. mammals, birds
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What am
I and how do I
maintain body Tem
perature?
LizardCheetah
If we were to graph the Body temperature of these two animals in an ambient temperature how do you think it would look?
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Responses to Temperature Change
Physiological Adaptation:
- Helps regulate function within an organism
- Involves biochemical reactions within cells and tissues
- E.g. Rates of metabolism
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Responses to Temperature Change
Structural Adaptation:
-Organisms that have physical features which make them better suited to their environment
-Can be both physiological and structural
E.g. Length of Kidney Tubule, helps decrease water loss and Big ears for cooling
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Responses to Temperature Change
Behavioural Adaptation:
-Ways in which animals behave that help it survive in its natural environment
E.g. Basking in the Sun, Migration, Nocturnal Activity
-Mostly used by ectotherms
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Adaptations for Temperature Control in Australian endotherms: The Red Kangaroo
Physiological Structural BehaviouralCold Conditions (Winter Months)Warm Conditions (Summer Months)
Activity:What adaptations does the Australian Red Kangaroo have to control body temperature?
Have a go at filling in the table
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Adaptations for Temperature Control in the Red Kangaroo
Physiological Structural BehaviouralCold Conditions (Winter Months)
Increased metabolic rate to create more heat within the body
- Fur Basking in the sun
Warm Conditions (Summer Months)
Decrease in metabolic rate
-Exposed areas of skin to increase evaporative cooling-Shunting blood from tail to the exposed area of the skin on the forelegs to increase heat loss
-Nocturnal-Licking forelegs to increase evaporation from the skin-Sitting in the shade-Panting to release heat
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Adaptations for Temperature Control in Australian ectotherms: The Diamond Python
Physiological Structural BehaviouralCold Conditions (Winter Months)Warm Conditions (Summer Months)
Activity:What adaptations does the Australian Diamond Python have to control body temperature?
Have a go at filling in the table
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Adaptations for temperature control in Australian ectotherms: The Diamond Python
Physiological Structural BehaviouralCold Conditions (Winter Months)
- Lies on eggs and shivers to increase the temperature of incubation
- Dark in colour to absorb heat and therefore can tolerate colder temperatures than other snakes
- Basks in the sun to raise body temperature- Hibernation- Migration to warmer areas.
Warm Conditions (Summer Months)
- Is nocturnal, hunting at night to escape the heat during the day.
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Plant Responses to Temperature Change
Are plants endothermic or endothermic?
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Plant Adaptations to Control TemperatureLeaf Fall: In hot conditions plants will reduce surface area by dropping leaves also reducing transpiration
Shiny leaves: Shiny leaves that reflect solar radiation e.g. sand dunes
Heat-Shock Proteins: Produced under stress in high temperatures – These molecules are thought to stop enzyme denaturing so normal cell reactions can occur
Transpiration: Movement of water from roots to leaves cools plant
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Plant Adaptations to Control TemperatureDie Back: Shoots and leaves die, but left in soil are bulbs, roots or rhizoids that grow again in favorable conditions
Orientation of Leaves: Drooping of leaves towards ground, reduces surface area and directs water to roots E.g. Eucalyptus
Seed Dispersal: Germinate by fire E.g. Australian Native plants – Banksia ericifolia
Vernalisation: Must be exposed to cold conditions to reproduce E.g. plants that live in alpine conditions
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ActivityAim: To describe adaptations and responses in
two Australian animals (One endotherm and one ectotherm) and two Australian plants that assist in temperature regulation
Method:1) Choose two Australian animals and two
Australian plants2) Collect information from several sources about
adaptations that these organisms have that assist them in temperature control
3) Enter the information into a table
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Adaptations and Responses that Assist in Temperature Regulation - Table
Organism Habitat
Optimum Temperature Range
BehaviouralAdaptation
Physiological Adaptation
Structural Adaptation
Animal 1Animal 2Plant 1Plant 2