Five Innovations that has changed Shrimp culture...Definition of SPF/SPR/SPT •Specific Pathogen...
Transcript of Five Innovations that has changed Shrimp culture...Definition of SPF/SPR/SPT •Specific Pathogen...
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Five Innovations that has changed Shrimp culture
SPF/Nucleus Breeding; Selective genetics, Auto feeders, Toilet, SPR (SPT)
I considered this Title: But then decided on just: #1 DOMESTICATION
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Shrimp Domestication: How it revolutionized
the worlds shrimp culture industry
Robins McIntosh Charoen Pokphand Foods, Public Company Bangkok Thailand
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My Voyage to Happiness
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And Then Thailand 2002 Return to “unhappiness”
Declining Harvest Sizes Low Growth, High size variation
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1999: The year where domestication became a dominant theme in Shrimp
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Asian Shrimp Production 4 eras and 2 crisis
FAO data
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SPF vannamei Dominate Asia/ Pond reared APE dominate America
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What Type of Program?
SPF APE
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Definition of SPF/SPR/SPT • Specific Pathogen Free Shrimp refers to the health
status of a stock and not a genetic characteristic. To be SPF a shrimp should be free of all known shrimp virus (not only OIE listed pathogens).
• Specific Pathogen Resistant Shrimp refers to a Genetic characteristic- being resistant to infection of a specific pathogen; a shrimp may be SPF and SPR.
• Specific Pathogen Tolerant Shrimp refers to a genetic characteristic where the shrimp can get infected but does not express the disease
Important Concepts Which are often mis-understood
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Developing a Breeding Strategy:
Generations
• Program I • Program II
Program A Program B
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POST -DOMESTICATION PRE- DOMESTICATION
Response to introduction of Healthy SPF Domesticated Stocks
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Response to introduction of Healthy SPF Domesticated Stocks Reduction of WSSV in Thai Farms
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Introduction of Virus Free stocks
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Interaction with APHNS
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Nucleus Breeding is the definition of SPF
Broodstock culture Unit
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Water recycle unit
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Packing
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Water recycle unit Plankton
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Natural canal
KaoKaew Necleius Breeding Center
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Limitation of PCR screening : no substitute for nucleus Breeding
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Origins of Founders for SPF Programs;
• Process: 1) Screening (pcr + histology)
2) Quarantine- one generation
3) Screening (pcr+ histology)
• Hawaiian SPF (original concept): from the ocean
• Reverse SPF (newer concept): from infected
tolerant pond populations
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Reverse SPF performance
Data and Work by Dr. Victoria Alday Pesca Nova Group; Ecuador/Nicaragua
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Does SPF require an Island?
NO, But it does require nucleus breeding; Most Bio-secure by definition
2002 CPF executives searching islands for nucleus breeding
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2. SPF Black Production of Commercial Broodstock
Broodstock Multiplication
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Completely Closed System
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Completely Closed Maturation
Broodstock tanks Recycle
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Maturation : Maturation Diet
Broodstock Feed Semi Moist Feed No live or Fresh Feed: Biosecure
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Larval Rearing : Phytoplankton
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Larval Rearing : Nursery ; Individual Tank
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Secure Multiplication of Broodstock Grow out
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Continuous Surveillance
Real Time PCR- highest Sensitivity
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What defines a genetics program
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Breeding Strategy: Line Breeding, Cross Breeding, or Breeding to maximize diversity
Generations
• Program I • Program II Nucleus A Nucleus B
CP Breeds to Maximize Diversity- requires much larger populations Other programs use Line Breeding
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CPF has changed shrimp farming with fast growing shrimp
Days to reach 30 grams from pl 10
Size of top 5% at mean 30 grams
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Disease Resistance : TSV
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Maturation without Ablation
30-35 million nauplii/day/1000 females Use females 6 months
90 gram female
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Shrimp Genetic Programs has allowed for a genetic solution to disease
Generation
Surv
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Development of APHNS (EMS tolerance) in shrimp Stocks
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Age at MBW 24, 26, 28 and 30 gram
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Target = 24 g
Target = 26 g
Target = 28 g
Target = 30 g
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Statistical Analysis showing traits are not negatively correlated
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Genetic reduces costs and enhances value through growth
MBW: 14.5 GMS YIELD: 10.4 MTONS/HA ADG: 0.18 GMS/DAY
MBW: 24.1 GMS YIELD: 21,300 KGS/HA ADG: 0.31 GMS/DAY
2012 2016
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Functional Genetics Programs cost a lot of Money; but very cost effective
2010 2014 2016
% Culture Pond 77 77 38
DOC 87 59 81
Stock Density /m2 110 79 135
Failure Rate % 0.00 58 0.00
Survival 91 30.5 89
ADG gm/day 0.175 0.28 0.30
MBW 15.5 16.5 25.0
Yield (kg/ha/day) 190 156 333
Pl Efficiency tons/mill 13.6 5 21
Total tons 940 108 728
Cost USD/kg (direct) 2.80 13.90 3.25
Farm Profit mill. USD 1.6 -0.80 2.1
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CARMEN
First assembled P. vannamei shrimp genome
In the future (present) genomics and transcriptomics will reduce the time to
respond to new challenges
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APHNS Toxin: Atrophy EHP
Without Healthy Post Larvae: Genetics don’t mean very much
Healthy Necrosis
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Domesticating Monodon has presented unique challenges!!!!
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Eventually after 7 generations domestication was achieved- “Ease and Predictability of Culture”
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Before and After Domestication of SPF monodon
Before: 2001 After: 2011
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Domestication is Very Difficult with Monodon
F2 F11
In first 5 Generations lost many families; lost many individuals
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TODAY
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WSSV- APHNS Interaction
29.5C
7 day challenge
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This is not the Future! This is the Now
6 count P. vannamei
160 gram female 5 tons/hectare in one hectare 160 days post nurse
Jahore, Malaysia February 2016