Fitness Injuries

Health

Asthma• Narrowing of the

bronchial tubes with secretion of mucous.

• Causes – pollen, allergies, changes in temp (warm to cold, moist to dry), stress

• Signs/ Symptoms – problems with inhaling, want to sit leaning forward

Heart Problems

Coronary heart disease (CHD) – – the accumulation of fatty deposits on arterial walls.

(also called “atherosclerosis”)

Low-Density Lipoprotein (LDL) – – Substance found in blood that contributes to the

formation of fatty deposits on arterial walls.

High-Density Lipoprotein (HDL) – – a substance found in blood that prevents the

formation of fatty deposit in arterial walls.

Angina Cause – plaque buildup in the arteries, narrowing blood flowSigns/ Symptoms – weakness, sweating, difficulty breathing, pain

Heart Attack Cause – plaque buildup in the arteries, blocking blood flowSigns/ Symptoms – weakness, sweating, difficulty breathing, pain

Ways to reduce Eat the correct Fat (Monounsaturated,

polyunsaturated are okay)Eat Nuts, Fish & diets with high fiberAvoid coffee, Salt and SugarIncrease your exercise

Stroke – blood clot

Aneurysm – ruptured blood vessel

Blood PressureSystolic – measurement of pressure against the artery walls when the

heart is pumpingDiastolic – measurement of pressure against the artery walls when the

heart is at rest

Examples Systolic DiastolicNormal 120 or below 80 or belowHypertension 120 – 139 80 – 90High 140 or above 90 or above

Ways to reduceAvoid salt, sugar, caffeine, limit alcoholIncrease vegetable intake (potassium)ExerciseStop smoking

Anemia

The three main classes of anemia include

• excessive blood loss

• excessive blood cell destruction

• deficient red blood cell production

Signs/ Symptoms – fatigue, dizziness, irritability, headaches, pale appearance

Arthritis

Osteoarthritis

Cause – decrease in cartilage around joints

Signs/ Symptoms – pain, stiffness, limited motion, cracking

Muscle Injuries

Strains – tearing of muscle fibers

Contusion – rupturing of blood vessels

Tendonitis – inflammation of tendons

Hernia –

Protrusion of body cavity contents through the abdominal wall

Bone Injuries

Sprain – occurs to a ligament

Fracture – break in continuity of a bone

Subluxation – bone comes out of socket but goes back on its own

Dislocation – bone comes out of socket and needs help going back

Treatment

Prevention, Prevention, Prevention

Care:

R: rest

I: ice

C: compression

E: elevation